Integumentary System PDF

Integumentary System Eroschenko, VP. (2017). Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 13th edition. pp. 468-503. Click here to access photomicrographs.  Learning Objectives Discuss the structure and function of the integumentary...

Integumentary System Eroschenko, VP. (2017). Atlas of Histology with Functional Correlations. 13th edition. pp. 468-503. Click here to access photomicrographs.  Learning Objectives Discuss the structure and function of the integumentary system Differentiate the layers of the epidermis and dermis based on histological features Describe the hair, sebaceous glands and sweat glands as skin appendages  Integumentary System Consists of the _______ skin (the largest organ), its derivatives/appendages (_____, nail _____, hair ______ and ______) sebaceous glands formed by the downgrowth of the surface epithelium. sweat The skin is involved in (a) protection from abrasion and microbial invasion through its _______keratin and from desiccation owing to its ____ lipid layer, (b) body temperature regulation through ______ seating and ______, (c) sensory reception of blood vessels diameter ______, pain ______, temperation ______ pressure and ______ light changes through _________, endings (d) formation ofnerve (ux) _______ vitamin D from precursor molecules with ____ exposure, and (e) excretion of ______, sun H10 excess ______, salts urea _____ and nitrogenous wastes - squamous Keratinized Consists of (a) the superficial, non-vascular ______ stratified Epidermis covered by _____ epithelium, stratifical arme e (b) the deeper, vascular ___ containing ___ connective tissue, blood vessels, epidermis = dermis dense irregular Hypoceneis nerves and glands, and (c) the ______- dermis hypodermis subcutaneous connective tissue. Because of wear and tear, thick skin covers ____ palers and _____. Thick skin soled contains ________ but lacks ____, _________ and ________. The predominant (in charge to goose sweat hair follicle ermes Arrector glands glands Sebaceous pili cells are ___________with Keratinocytes fewer ________, Melanocytes _________ pili and __________. Langerhan Arrector (dendritics) muscles cells NOTE: “Thick” and “thin” refer only to the thickness of the _________. epidermis Thick Skin Thin Skin  Integumentary System The epidermis is divided into 5 layers: Stratum (a) the most superficial ____ consists of flat, dead, ____ cells that continually get corneum Keratinized replaced by new cells- keratinization eliminates ____ via hydrolytic enzymes; nucleus (b) the ________ is translucent and barely visible, has dead cells, and is found Stratum Lucidum only in _________, Thick Skin which gets constantly exposed to __________ mechanical abrasions (c) the _________ consists of 3-5 cell layers filled with (1) membrane-bound Stratum Granulosum makesskit waterprof _________ granules that discharge lipid material and ______ the skin; and (2) lamellar Moisture dense ______ Keratohyalin granules- have the protein _______Filaggreen that cross-links with ________ Keratin filaments, and combine with keratin tonofilaments to produce ________; soft Keratin (d) the _____ Spinosum consists of 4-6 cells that synthesize _______ with Stratum Keratin layers intercellular spaces appearing as _______ Spines that represent sites of llateral desmosome attachments to keratin tonofilaments; and apicalpat (e) the deepest Stratum ________ is a _____ Basale Single layer of cells attached by _______ to the ________ and serve as _______. basement Stratum basale/germinativum - membrane Stem cells * (of the epidermis)  Carolin) Keratinized Keratin fibers & - raisea net strate · graveli ↓ & = # Estrangeraniot epithelia I & G ing -pickm Y characteristic garm ? papillae , squamous of stratified C part of - deri is Cridges) stratum Granulosm Keroronyclim - - lamellar Stratum desmosures makes it spicy spirvoro - stratum germination/basole  Integumentary System The dermis is divided into the ________ papillary and the ________ layers, which have reticular no distinct boundaries. The superficial layer is the _______ papillary layer consisting of _______. loose connective tissue and features _______ dermal papillae and ________, epidermal ridges which then contain the sensory receptors _______. Meissner corpuscles - for essential the detectin of light touch papillary layer = losnective Dense Irregular Reticular layer - The reticular layer is the _______ and ______ deeper layer filled with ↳ collagen type I thicker ________ Irregular connective tissue abundant in ___________ fibers and · Dense collagen type 1 has ____ cells present. It contains __________ for thermoregulation- the Arteriovenous few anastomoses arterial side of which forms a thick-walled structure called the ______. Glomus This structure is found in areas exposed to cold temperatures such as the _________Fingertips and _________. This layer also has sensory External ears essatial for delea receptors _________ whose myelinated axons are surrounded by Pacinian Corpuscle - - - concentric lamellae of ___________. - collagen fibers Between these lamellae is a small amount of lymph-like fluid. In transverse section, these corpuscles resemble a _____________. sliced unius  corner straum f Dermal lae o ⑧ messages - I Marries * papil arya To know how layer · to distinguish Papillary and Reticular Fibers-wave like layer = Reticular layer Y # /pa & Pacinian - sliced Union. corpusatt : => near hypodermis , but part of Reticular layer  Other Skin Cells (produce melanin) Melanocytes arise from _________ cells and are located between neural crest the _______ and __________. Stratum & granulosum They have long dendritic extensions basale Stratum branching into the epidermis. They synthesize the dark brown pigment ________ from the amino acid ________. melanin Tyrosine These pigments migrate to the tips and are phagocytosed by __________. Keratinocytes This pigment darkens skin color and protects it from ________. UY rays Langerhans cells are ________ dendritic cells of the skin that reside primarily in the _________. spinosum They originate from the ________ stratum monocytes and migrate to the skin via _____. (Analogors to microglia of tissue) the nervous blood Merkel cells are present in the __________ and are most Stratum basale axous) (Afferent abundant in _______. fingertips They are associated with _______ melanocytes Keratinocytes and and afferent axons, and function as sensory _________. mechanoreceptors They need special staining to be visualized.  BROWN SKIN Stratum granulosum Langerhanall v Y Stratumem (yellowish) ↳ Melanocyteis State - ⑪ stratum basale  Skin Appendages/Derivatives Hairs are cornified, cylindrical structures that arise from the expanded _____ of hair bulb _____ hair follicle and are surrounded by ____ and ____ root sheaths. The hair bulb is internal external indented by the _______ dermal papilla that is highly vascularized and brings nutrients to the hair follicle. ________ Hair matrix situated above the papilla contains _______ melanocytes and ________. /activeslidingmitotic cells Sebaceous glands are associated with ________. hair follicle Its cells grow, accumulate Sebum-oily released into secretions, die and become _______.Jebum This secretion is forced into the _________ lumen of hair follicle the by the contraction of smooth muscle _________ pili - attached to the sheath of the substance Skin Arrector the hair follicle and _______ papillary layer of the dermis and controlled by the ____________. autonomic system nervous Sweat glands consist of the upper ______ ductal and lower _____ secretor portions. They function in ______ thermoregulation and _______ and are classified into ____ and ______. excretion apocrine eccrine Thick Located in the deep dermis of the _______ palms and ______, soles eccrine sweat glands are _____ glands and consist of clear and dark secretory cells simple coiled tubular eccrine that secrete ______ (giycopotius) watery products and ______, respectively. Situated in the deep mucus ↳ dermis of the _____, ______ and ________, apocrine sweat glands have axillae of the armpit a reola of the breast anus ___ and _____ dilated larger lumina lined by _______ cuboidal epithelium. They become functional at ____puberty when _____ are present. The odor of their secretion is due to ____. sex hormones bacterisaition  Stratum ↓ ~ IDr - externa er Connecte Internal genaire ear gri I ↓ is - ne U-ropica Sebas ~ D ⑭ Connective tissuerotto ⑭ n O & B O eccrine * SWEAT GLANDS Apocrine-dilated Eccrine can be ports present of the - smaller in other body larger lumina * sebaceous are (wided) glands released arrector through pili , the secretions the action of Apocrine the see I En - A * In sweet released glands , through the secretions are the action of cells myoepithelia X & tes BROWNSN Skin derivatives, such as hair and sweat - glands, originated from the: - Connective tissue Dermis ⑤ Epidermis Hypodermis Neural crest cells  Eccrine sweat gland secretions are - expelled from the secretory portions by Contraction of arrector pili muscles - sebaceous Contraction of myoepithelial cells Contraction of smooth muscles around gland Influence of hormones Pressure from secretory cells  Secretions from the sebaceous gland are expelled by Contraction of arrector pili muscles Contraction of myoepithelial cells Contraction of smooth muscles around gland Influence of hormones Pressure from secretory cells  Langerhans cells originate from & Bone marrow Dermis of the skin - Melavant Epidermis of the skin Lymph nodes Thymus gland  Meissner corpuscles are found In the dermal papillae In the epidermis Around hair follicles In the hypodermis In the stratum granulosum