Computer System, Devices and Peripherals PDF

Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE 1. Computer Peripheral Devices 2. Computer System Unit Parts 3. Computer Expansion Slots And Cards ...

Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE 1. Computer Peripheral Devices 2. Computer System Unit Parts 3. Computer Expansion Slots And Cards  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY LET US DEFINE ❑ PERIPHERAL DEVICES are any devices used to put information into and get information out of the computer. ❑ EXPANSION SLOTS are any slots that can be used to accommodate various expansion cards. ❑ EXPANSION CARDS are printed circuit boards that can be installed into an expansion slot inside a computer system unit in order to add functionality to a computer. ❑ COMPUTER PORTS are sockets at the back of a computer system unit to plug various peripheral devices. ❑ DESKTOP COMPUTER is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single location on or near a desk or table due to its size and power requirements.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY LET US DEFINE ❑ COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT is an enclosure or a casing (or a case) that contains most of the components of a personal computer. ❑ HARDCOPY is any file that is physically printed into a paper, like photos or documents. ❑ SOFTCOPY is any file that is stored in a computer, which can only be seen using a monitor. ❑ EXPANSION SLOT is a connection or port inside a computer on the motherboard. ❑ EXPANSION CARD is a PCB that fits into an expansion slot on a desktop computer. ❑ PORT is a hole or connection found on the front or back of a computer. ❑ COMPUTER BUS is a connection between components or devices connected to a computer.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY A desktop computer is the most well-known type of computer. It is composed of Input and Output Devices. The system unit is neither an input nor an output device, but rather a processing device.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER PERIPHERAL DEVICES  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY INPUT DEVICES Keyboard: A typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Typically used to type documents and to chat with other people on the Internet. Mouse: A hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface. It is used to point, click and drag various objects or links on the computer screen.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY INPUT DEVICES Microphone: A device – a transducer – that converts sound into an electrical signal. It can be used to record voice or to talk with someone else on the Internet for various purposes, such as business meetings, online interviews or talking to loved-ones. PC Camera: More popularly known as the webcam, is a video camera that feeds or streams an image or video in real time to or through a computer to a computer network, such as the Internet. Webcams are typically small cameras that sit on a desk, attach to a user's monitor, or are built into the hardware.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY INPUT DEVICES Scanner: A device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image (hardcopy to softcopy). Commonly used in offices are variations of the desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for scanning. Some flatbed scanners are built-in with printers.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY OUTPUT DEVICES Printer: A peripheral device which makes a persistent representation of graphics or text, usually on paper by spraying an ink (for inkjet printers), by passing a laser beam with a toner (for laser printers), or by impacting pins or wires with a ribbon (for dot-matrix printers). Other types of printers include 3D printer, thermal printer, etc. Some printers are typically built-in with a flatbed or paper-feeder type image scanner.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY OUTPUT DEVICES Speakers: Also known as multimedia speakers, are speakers sold for use with computers, although usually capable of other audio uses, e.g. for an MP3 player. Most such speakers have an internal amplifier and consequently require a power source, which may be by a mains power supply often via an AC adapter, batteries, or a USB port.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY OUTPUT DEVICES Monitor: An output device that displays information in pictorial form. Monitors are usually made using Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), or Light-Emitting Diode (LED) technologies. Monitors are connected to the computer via VGA, Digital Visual Interface (DVI), HDMI, DisplayPort, Thunderbolt, low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) or other proprietary connectors and signals.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY OUTPUT DEVICES Projector: An optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a small transparent lens, but some newer types of projectors can project the image directly, by using lasers. Projectors are best used for watching movies or presenting presentations. This is a good alternative for a monitor.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY A computer system unit is a processing device, which contains important components enclosed in a computer case, or simply chassis. Such computer parts are the motherboard, the CPU, the memory modules, the storage devices, the power supply, some expansion cards, computer fans and the computer casing.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS Motherboard: Also called mainboard, main circuit board, system board, baseboard, planar board, logic board, and mobo, is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general- purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for other peripherals. Typical motherboard sizes are ATX, mATX and mini-ITX.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS CPU: Also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry within a computer that executes instructions that make up a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions in the program. It is the brain of the computer.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS RAM: Also known as Random-Access Memory, memory module or simply memory, is a form of computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data and machine code. It is a computer storage where apps, like Microsoft Word, Google Chrome and operating system like Windows 10 are loaded when in use. It doesn’t store personal files, like pictures, videos and documents. Typical RAM capacities are 2GB, 4GB, 8GB and 16GB.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Two Types of Memory 1. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON or OFF. 2. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on. When the power is off, RAM's contents are lost.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS Optical Disc Drive: It is a disc drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs, like CDs and DVDs. It is also used to store personal files and also used to watch movies from a DVD or a CD.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS Hard Disk Drive: Abbreviated as HDD, is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital data using one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material. It is where the operating system and personal files are stored. Solid State Drives (SSDs) or m.2 Drives are some better alternatives to an HDD.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS Power Supply Unit: Also called a PSU or simply a power supply, converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a computer. It powers the motherboard, the optical drives, the hard disk drives, computer fans and even expansion cards, such as a graphics card.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS Expansion Cards: Are any printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot, on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Typical example of an expansion card is the graphics card. Other expansion cards can also be used depending on the application, such as a WiFi/Bluetooth card.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS Computer Fans: These are any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling. Fans are used to draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside and move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component. It is one of the most critical components a system unit must have. Without it, computers are prone to overheating which shortens lifespan.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS CPU Fan: A special type of fan used to cool the CPU (central processing unit) heatsink. It is also considered a computer fan, but a CPU fan is typically attached to a heatsink.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER SYSTEM UNIT PARTS Computer Case: Also known as a computer chassis, tower, system unit, or cabinet, is the enclosure that contains most of the components of a personal computer (usually excluding the display, keyboard, and mouse). A computer case has also three (3) sizes to choose relative to the motherboard size: ATX, mATX and mini- ITX.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER EXPANSION SLOTS  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY With desktop computers, one can upgrade or add additional functionality the system unit depending on the user’s needs. One can install a graphics card that can be used for graphics- intensive computer gaming or for professional photo and video editing. One can also install a Wi- Fi/Bluetooth module to the system unit so that it can connect to the Internet wirelessly. One can also add TV card so you can watch television with your computer, and also, one can install a USB card to be able to connect more USB devices directly into the computer!  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY EXPANSION SLOTS The ISA Slot was introduced by IBM in 1981 and headed by Mark Dean. ISA was originally an 8- bit computer bus that was later expanded to a 16-bit bus in 1984. When this bus was originally released, it was a proprietary bus, which allowed only IBM to create peripherals and the actual interface. However, in the early 1980s other manufacturers were creating the bus. This type of expansion slot has been superseded by PCI Slot in 1992 and AGP Slot in 1997.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY EXPANSION SLOTS Short for Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI was introduced by Intel in 1992 and became widely available in 1993. The PCI bus came in both 32-bit (133 MBps) and 64-bit versions and was used to attach hardware to a computer. Although commonly used in computers from the late 1990s to the early 2000s, PCI has since been replaced with PCI Express. Revisions came in 1993 to version 2.0, and in 1995 to PCI 2.1, as an expansion to the ISA bus. Unlike ISA and other earlier expansion cards, PCI follows the PnP specification and therefore did not require any jumpers or dip switches. This type of expansion slot has been superseded by PCI Express in 2004.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY EXPANSION SLOTS Short for Accelerated Graphics Port, AGP is an advanced port designed for video cards and 3D accelerators. Developed by Intel and introduced in August 1997, AGP introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel that allows the graphics controller direct access to the system memory. This type of expansion slot has been superseded by PCI Express in 2004.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY EXPANSION SLOTS Originally known as 3rd Generation I/O (3GIO), PCI Express, or PCIe, was approved in July 2002 as a serial computer expansion bus standard and became generally available in 2004. PCI Express was designed as a high-speed replacement for the aging PCI and AGP standards and is available in different formats. It is the most popular slot used today. The data transmitted over PCI Express is sent over wires (called lanes) in full duplex mode (both directions at the same time). Each lane is capable of transfer speeds around 250 MB/s and each slot can be scaled from 1 to 32 lanes. With 16 lanes, PCI Express supports a bandwidth of up to 4,000 MB/s.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Less Popular COMPUTER EXPANSION SLOTS AND CARDS  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Short for Extended Industry Standard Architecture, EISA or Extended ISA is a standard first announced in September 1988 for IBM compatible computers that competed with the MCA bus. The EISA bus is found on Intel 80386, 80486 and early Pentium computers and was designed by nine competitors. These competitors were AST Research, Compaq, Epson, Hewlett Packard, NEC, Olivetti, Tandy, WYSE, and Zenith Data Systems.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Released September 8, 1998, AMR, short for Audio/Modem Riser, allows OEMs to make one card with the functionality of either a Modem or audio or both as one card. This specification allows for the motherboard to be manufactured at a lower cost and free up industry standard expansion slots in the system for other additional plug-in peripherals. With modems and sound cards being integrated into the motherboard, more people using broadband, and better technologies like PCIe, AMR never gained mass adoption. Today, AMR is no longer found or used with any modern motherboard.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Short for Communication and Network Riser, CNR is a specification that supports Audio, Modem, USB, and LAN interfaces of core logic chipsets. CNR slot technology was introduced by Intel on February 7, 2000. It was mainly developed by leading hardware and software developers who helped release the AMR (Audio Modem Riser) slot. It is usually labeled as "CNR_SLOT" on motherboards. Today, this slot is no longer found on motherboards and was replaced with PCI only motherboards and motherboards with PCIe slots.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Short for Video Electronics Standard Association, VESA is a group of monitor and video card manufacturers that set video display and bus standards. VESA was originally founded by NEC and is most known for the VL bus standard. It was a short-lived expansion slot created in 1992 but immediately superseded by PCI Slot in 1993.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER EXPANSION CARDS  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY EXPANSION CARDS Alternatively referred to as an add-on card, expansion board, internal card, interface adapter, or card, an expansion card is a printed circuit board (PCB) that fits into an expansion slot on a desktop computer. An expansion card is used to give computer additional capabilities, such as enhanced video performance via a graphics card.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY INTERFACE CARDS  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY INTERFACE CARDS Interface expansion cards, as shown above, are expansion cards that provide either additional back panel ports or internal slots, in which allows users to connect more peripherals / storage devices to the desktop computer. Most interface cards use the PCIe x1 expansion slot.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Graphics / Video Card Alternatively known as a display adapter, graphics card, video adapter, video board, or video controller, a video card is an expansion card that connects to a computer motherboard. It is used to create a picture on a display. More plainly, it's a piece of hardware inside your computer that processes images and video, some of the tasks normally handled by the CPU. Video cards are used by gamers in place of integrated graphics due to their extra processing power and video ram. It typically requires PCIe x16 slot.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY WiFi/Bluetooth Card A WiFi/Bluetooth Card is a card that can be installed inside the desktop computer to be able to connect to wireless routers through WiFi networks. It also has a built-in Bluetooth module, which allows users to transfer files to another devices. It requires a PCIe x1 slot.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Sound Card Alternatively referred to as an audio output device, sound board, or audio card. A sound card is an expansion card or IC for producing sound on a computer that can be heard through speakers or headphones. Although the computer doesn't need a sound card, it's included on every machine as either in an expansion slot or built into the motherboard (onboard).  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Network Interface Card Short for network interface card, the NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter. A NIC is a computer expansion card for connecting to a network (e.g., home network or Internet) using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector. Due to the popularity and low cost of the Ethernet standard, nearly all new computers have a network interface build directly into the motherboard.  Batanes National Science High School Cavangan Drive, San Antonio, Basco, Batanes TLE – INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY Modem Card Short for modulator/demodulator, a modem is a hardware device that allows a computer to send and receive information over telephone lines through RJ11 connector. When sending a signal, the device converts ("modulates") digital data to an analog audio signal and transmits it over a telephone line. Similarly, when an analog signal is received, the modem converts it back ("demodulates" it) to a digital signal. It typically requires PCI slot.