Behavioral Modification Model I & II PDF

Behavioral Modification-I Dr.Maram Alagla BDS, DScD, Pediatric Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University We will cover in part I Behavior Health Behavior Change Behavioral modification theories 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 2  Health Behavior Change Is...

Behavioral Modification-I Dr.Maram Alagla BDS, DScD, Pediatric Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University We will cover in part I Behavior Health Behavior Change Behavioral modification theories 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 2  Health Behavior Change Is an internal motivated change that happens in the everyday pattern of patients’ lives. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 3  Behavior is the result of both internal and external forces that shape and affect actions: External Internal Social support, Media, Knowledge , Attitude, beliefs Socioculture, economic and and values, Social and life political factors, Health care adaptation skills, physiology system 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 4 Health Behavior Change ❖Through careful and thoughtful questioning (open-ended Q’s), clinicians can elicit a rationale for change ❖Use the patient’s choice of words, “parrot” what they have said to you and relate those words for initiating change ❖Ability to convey empathy is critical in influencing behavior change 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 5  Open Ended Questions Please tell me how you feel about quitting smoking. ” “ In your opinion, what are the pros and cons to you of quitting smoking?” “ I wonder what your hopes and goals are for your daughter ’ s mouth and teeth as she grows up.” “ Regarding flossing and brushing, would you tell me what reasons you have for keeping your teeth clean? ” 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 6  Considerations in Health Behavior Change ❖Many patients may feel bad, or feel ashamed about their condition in front of others. ❖It’s important to have a flexible approach to communicating throughout the process, don’t be rigid about observing a quick change. ❖The expected “quick change” can elicit anxiety in patients who are slow movers. ❖So, health behavior change is a slow and deliberate process designed to alter the behavior of the patient. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 7  Behavior Modification Theories “Cognitive Model” 1. Social Cognitive Theory 2. Theory of Reasoned Action 3. Health Belief Model 4. Trans-theoretical model 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 8 Cognitive Model Defined as one’s ability to “know” or “understand” Assumes the following sequence: Knowledge → Attitude→ Behavior change 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 9 1. Social Cognitive Theory a- Personal beliefs (cognitive factors) b- Social An individual’s behaviors environment (one’s are motivated by two community, friends, and factors: family) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 10  a) Personal beliefs (cognitive factors) In the late ‘70s Bandura suggested that “self-efficacy beliefs” reflect an internal awareness that one is able to perform a specific task. self-efficacy: is a person’s belief in their ability to succeed in a particular situation. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 11  b) Social environment ❖ Learning how to perform a specific behavior by watching others do so and receiving positive support or reinforcement. i.e. typical pediatric patient model 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 12 2-Theory of Reasoned Action ❖ Focuses only on beliefs about an intended behavior. ❖In turn, the individual’s intentions are determined by their attitudes and beliefs about the behavior. ❖So, this theory professes that the best predictor of behavior is an individual’s intention (motivation) In short: Attitudes about what will result from performing a certain behavior are thought to influence the likelihood of the individual intending to or performing a certain behavior. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 13  3- Health Belief Model Places stronger emphasis on the disease rather than the behavior as it assumes the individual has knowledge of the biological manifestation of the disease. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 14  Considers that an individual’s decision to change behavior is determined by: by: 1. Perception of threat to personal health: ◦ individual perceptions about severity of disease ◦ individual susceptibility to the disease 2. Perceived costs & benefits (efficacy): ❖Basedon personal assessment of the costs / benefits and barriers to performing the suggested behavior 3. Cues to action: Stimuli that prompt individuals to act by reminding them to change their behavior (Internal or External ) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 15  Health Belief Model O Oralfunction is better and easier with natural teeth. O Thereare long-term benefits with regular oral and preventive care. O These preventive efforts are relatively easy and require just a few minutes/day. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 16  Trans-theoretical model Emerged from addiction (smoking) treatment approaches Describes common stages of health- related behavior changes ◦ Precontemplation ◦ Contemplation ◦ Preparation ◦ Action ◦ Maintenance ◦ Relapse 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 17 Behavior Modification-II Dr.Maram Alagla BDS, DScD, Pediatric Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University In part II we will cover: 1. C ommunity Health Model 2. Health education a n d promotion 3. The role of Public Health policies in Behavior modification 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 19  COMMUNITY H E ALT H M O D E L First described by C.E.A Winslow, American red cross 1920 o A cost-efficient “macro” model (public/community health model) o Considers social, cultural, economic and environmental factors that influence one’s health o Broad approaches to health education and promotion at the community level. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 20 H E A LT H E D U C AT I O N A N D P RO M OT I O N 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 21  W H AT I S HEALTH EDUCATION? Health education is any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes. (WHO) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 22  W H AT I S HEALTH P RO M OT I O N ? is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.” (Health Promotion Glossary, 1 9 9 8 ) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 23 W H AT I S HEALTH P RO M OT I O N ? Health promotion actions means: Create supportive environment Strengthen community action Re-orient health services Build healthy public policy Health education 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 24  G O A L S O F HEALTH EDUCATION Health promotion a n d Early diagnosis a n d Utilization of available disease prevention management health services 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 25  CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION 1. Personal hygi ene (Oral hygi ene ) 2. Proper healthy habits 3. Nutrition education ( s u g a r a w a r e n e s s ) 4. Personal preventive m e a s u r e s (fluoride application) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 26  CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION 5. Saf ety rules 6. Proper u s e of health serv ices (Regular dental v isits) 7. M e n t a l health 8. Special education (occupation, m others , etc) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 27  PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION 1. Credibility 2. I nterest 3. Participation 4. Proceed from known to unknown 5. Comprehension 6. R e i n f o r c e m e n t b y repetition 7. Motivation 8. Learning by doing 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 28  COMMUNICATION CORNERS 1 2 3 4 Communicator Message Channel Audience (Educator) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 29  The role of Public Health policies in Behav ior modification Public Policies are authoritative decisions made by government intended to direct or influence the actions, behaviors, or decisions of others. Public policies that has impact on the health of the population are called Public Health policies. 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 30 The role of Public Health policies in Behav ior Needed for uncontrollable behaviors modification Higher level of Effective a g a i n s t m a n y b e h a v i o r s in public or intervention c o m m u n i t y level ( w h e n other t e c h n i q u e s failed) 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 31 Example of public health policies that been adopted to c h a n g e health behav iors Taxation a n d prices Commercials and advertisements Traffic fines P r o d u c t s distribution in stores 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 32  Thank you [email protected] 8/10/2023 Dr.Maram Alagla 33