Prenatal and Postnatal Developmental Stages PDF

**GENETIC VARIATION** - genetic difference between individuals **CHROMOSOMES** - long strings of genetic material (each 23) **DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID** - helix-shaped molecule **GENES** - sequences of DNA make up, carrier of hereditary traits, visible characteristics **ALLELE** - specific version...

**GENETIC VARIATION** - genetic difference between individuals **CHROMOSOMES** - long strings of genetic material (each 23) **DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID** - helix-shaped molecule **GENES** - sequences of DNA make up, carrier of hereditary traits, visible characteristics **ALLELE** - specific version of gene, code **GENOTYPE** - genetic makeup **PHENOTYPE** - physical characteristics **HOMOZYGOUS** - same **HETEROZYGOUS** - combination **RECESSIVE ALLELE** - \[bb\] **PUNNETT SQUARE** - a tool used to predict how genes will interact **DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCH** - interested in studying voyage through life span \*100 m sperm \*ovulate roughly once per month \*ovary-fallopiantube-uterus = sperm may fertilize an egg **[THREE STAGES OF PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT]** 1. **CONCEPTION** sperm fertilizes an egg & forms zygote **ZYGOTE** one cell structure created when sperm and egg merge **MITOSIS** 2. **EMBRYO** 7-10 days, has 150 cells, multi-cellular organism **PLACENTA** - - - 3. **FETUS** 9 weeks old na ang embryo - - - - - - **16-28 WEEKS** brain **36** 6 lbs/18.5 inch, almost ready for birth **37** all organs developed, w/o risks **40** continue to gain weight until 40 weeks, little room to move **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **REFLEXES** Crucial to survival. Helps newborn to survive **BABINSKI** foot **BLINK** eyes **MORO** shock **GRASPING** palm. grasp **ROOTING** cheeks **STEPPING** feet **BABKIN** forehead **SUCKING** finger **GALANT** pelvis **INFANT'S SENSES** **Sight and Hearing** - vision as least developed sense, preference for face, prefer human voice that involves speech **Smell** - strong sense **PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT** Newborns weigh 5 to 10 lbs, doubles in 6 mos, triples in a year 2 yrs - weight quadrupled, 20 n 40 lbs [19.5] inch ave. length 29.5 inch 12 mos 34.4 inch 2 yrs **BRAIN DEVELOPMENT** **Blooming** - period of rapid neural growth - **Pruning** - neural connections reduced - mastery of complex skills \- childhood to adolescence **MOTOR DEVELOPMENT** **Motor Skills** move our bodies & manipulate objects **Fine motor skills** muscles in fingers, toes, eyes, small actions **Gross motor skills** large muscle groups involve large movements  **ATTACHMENT** Long-standing connection or bond with others. Affectional bond or tie that an infant forms with the mother. **JOHN BOWLBY** developed attachment theory **MARY AINSWORTH** 1. 2. 3. **(MAIN & SOLOMON, 1990)** 4. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Physical Changes in Adolescence** **PRIMARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS** needed for reproduction. Uterus and ovaries for female. Testes for male **SECONDARY " "** breast and hips. Facial hair and deepened voice **ADRENARCHE** adrenal glands **GONADARCHE** sex glands **MENARCHE** menstrual periods 12--13 yrs **SPERMARCHE** first ejaculation 13-14 yrs **Cognitive Development in Adolescence** Brain cells continue to bloom in [frontal lobe ] They engage in risk-taking behaviors and emotional outbursts Teen brain is only 80% of the way to maturity Brain matures from back to front Four lobes: Frontal, parietal (top back), temporal (sides), occipital (back) Move beyond concrete thinking & become capable abstract thought Questions authority and societal norms Consider pov, debate ideas **Inside the teenage brain:** **Prefrontal Cortex** planning and reasoning **Parietal Lobe** touch, sight, language **Amygdala** passion, fear, aggression, impulse **Hippocampus** memory and learning **Ventral Striatum** reward centre **ADULTHOOD** [Emerging Adulthood] 18 yrs to mid-20's. Work and love [Early Adulthood] 20's to 40's. Physical maturation. Physical abilities at peak (young adult) [Middle Adulthood] 40's to 60's. Physical decline is gradual. Menopause for women [Late Adulthood] 60's nd above. Skin diminishes. Decline significantly. Memory loss, dementia, alzheimer **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Sigmund Freud**  **Erik Erikson**  **Jean Piaget**    **Lawrence Kohlberg**