Fundamental Industrial Communication Skills PDF

Unit A-10 • Fundamental Industrial Communication Skills Objective 4 Identify common symbols and lines used in plant system trace drawings. Equipment Symbols Plant operators need to become familiar with how to sketch and draw individual pieces of equipment. Sometimes, it will be important to place...

Unit A-10 • Fundamental Industrial Communication Skills Objective 4 Identify common symbols and lines used in plant system trace drawings. Equipment Symbols Plant operators need to become familiar with how to sketch and draw individual pieces of equipment. Sometimes, it will be important to place different pieces of equipment on the same drawing. This provides a system view of the equipment in relation to other components in the plant. Figure 14 shows a generic set of symbols that can be used to trace and draw plant systems. The figure includes examples of: • Major and minor pieces of equipment found in operating plants • Ancillary equipment • Instrument symbols Figure 14 – Equipment Symbols Valves Hand-Operated Gate Valve Butterfly Valve S Gate Valve Control Valve M Closed Gate Valve Back Pressure Regulator Hand-Operated Globe Valve Plug or Cock Valve Globe Valve Check Valve Solenoid Valve Motor-Operated Valve Relief Valve Angle Blowdown Valve Powered Valve Needle Valve 3-Way Valve Compressors Liquid ring Compressor Compressor Axial Compressor Pumps Generic Reciprocating Pump 1-14 Centrifugal Pump Rotary Pump Turbine Driver Doubleflow Turbine 4th Class Edition 3 • Part A Reciprocating Pump Fan Energy Plant Sketching • Chapter 1 Vessels Vertical Vessel Tank Covered Tank Mixing Vessel Drum Cone Roof Tank Internal Floating Roof Tank Double Wall Tank Heat Exchangers Plate Exchanger Cooling Tower Heat Exchanger Straight Tubes Heat Exchanger Air-blown Cooler Reboiler Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Plate Heat Exchanger Coil Tubes Heat Exchanger Shell and Tube Heat Finned Tubes Heat Exchanger Reboiler Heat Exchanger Condenser Motors M Motor Electric Motor Turbine Miscellaneous Cyclone Separator Injector Screw Conveyor Electrostatic Precipitator Separator Rotary Valve Feeder Chimney Chimney Tower Hyperbolic Filters Filter Filter 2 4th Class Edition 3 • Part A Suction Filter 1-15 Unit A-10 • Fundamental Industrial Communication Skills Line Styles In complex piping systems, such as those in an energy facility, a simple sketch identifying the components may not always provide enough information to answer the question asked about the system. In this case, the operator will need to provide piping and connection details as well. Figure 15 provides an overview of examples of symbols used to provide connecting information, both in piping and networking connectivity. Figure 15 – Common Piping and Connection Symbols Major Pipeline End Cap Connect Pipeline T Steam Trap Crossing Pipes - Not Connected Ejector or Eductor Crossing Pipes - Connected Union Y-type Strainer Reducer Pulsation Dampener Rotary Valve Orifice Plate Duplex Strainer A single line drawing is the most commonly used format in standard plant drawings. Figure 16 is an example of a single line drawing that uses equipment, piping, and connection symbols. Figure 16 – Example One Line Drawing Cross Junction Globe Valve Union Gate Valve Y - Fitting Elbow Cap Check Valve Tee Junction Coupling Joint 1-16 45° Elbow Reducer 4th Class Edition 3 • Part A Energy Plant Sketching • Chapter 1 Piping connections are not the only ones identified on plant diagrams. Measurement and control signals are carried through various transmission lines. In most cases, the control elements are overlaid on top of a solid connection line. A thin solid line represents process connections to instruments. The following are common combinations: a) A dashed line represents electrical signals (e.g., 4–20 mA connections). b) A solid line with double backslash marks represents pneumatic signal tubing. c) A dashed line with forward slash marks on it represents data links. Other connection symbols include: a) Capillary tubing for filled systems (e.g., remote diaphragm seals) b) Hydraulic signal lines c) Guided or unguided electromagnetic or sonic signals. Electric or electromagnetic signals are instantaneous. Various process piping, connection, and transmission lines are listed in Figure 17, as per the standard set by the International Society of Automation (ISA). Figure 17 – Measurement and Control Lines Process connection Pneumatic signal Pneumatic binary signal Electrical signal Electrical binary signal Hydraulic signal Capillary tubing 4th Class Edition 3 • Part A 1-17