Electrical Load PDF

# Electrical Load ## Introduction - An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, such as electrical appliances and lights inside the home. The term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit. - An electrical device that consumes...

# Electrical Load ## Introduction - An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, such as electrical appliances and lights inside the home. The term may also refer to the power consumed by a circuit. - An electrical device that consumes electrical energy or electricity is called an electrical load. Electrical load converts electricity into other forms of energy such as heat, light, motion, etc. ## Electrical Power Plant - In its simplest form, a power plant, known also as a power station, is an industrial facility used to generate electricity. ## Service Type: Load Electrical loads may also be classified on the basis of service type as follows: - Domestic load - Agriculture load - Commercial load - Industrial load ## Nature of Load - **Resistive Load:** Resistance is the property of materials by which the material obstructs the flow of electricity. Sometimes, resistance is an undesirable parameter of the material, but this property is utilized for developing several electrical load devices. - **Inductive Load:** An inductive load is one that uses electrical energy to produce a magnetic field to perform the work. For this, an inductive load consists of a coil or winding made up of copper or aluminum wire. When an electric current passes through this coil, a magnetic field is produced by the coil that is utilized to do work. The most important characteristic of loads is that in inductive loads current lags behind the supply voltage. Therefore, loads always have a lagging power factor. Examples of inductive loads are motors, transformers, solenoid valves, etc. - **Capacitive Load:** Capacitive loads are: capacitor banks, buried cables, capacitors used in various circuits such as motor starters etc. Capacitance is the property by virtue of which a material stores electrical energy in the form of electrostatic charge. This property of material can be utilized to develop several types of electrical load devices. ## Service Type: Industrial Load - The Industrial load includes electrical load equipment used in small to large factories and manufacturing units. The electrical industrial load mainly consists of induction motors. Although, just like domestic loads, industrial loads are also composite loads as they consist of induction motors, industrial lighting, etc. ## Service Type: Commercial Load - Commercial loads are the collections of those electrical appliances that consist of lighting of offices, shops, advertisement displays, etc. In short, any electrical appliance that is used in a business-like office, shop, hotel, school, etc., is categorized as a commercial load. ## Service Type: Agricultural Load - Electrical appliances that are used in agriculture work such as irrigation, seeding, farming, etc. are called agriculture loads. The major type of agriculture load is the motor-pump set used for the irrigation of farms. ## Service Type: Domestic Load - As per the observational study, we can state that the domestic loads have either lagging or unit power factors. For example, a bulb has a unity power factor, while a fan has a lagging power factor. Technically, domestic loads are generally resistive or inductive loads. - The electrical appliances used in household work such as refrigerators, washing machines, fans, lamps, etc. are referred to as domestic loads. Domestic loads are usually single-phase AC loads as they require a single-phase AC supply to operate.