4. Hepatitis .pdf

Den%stry college Human Biology Course Hepa%%s Balsam Qubais Saeed, PhD October 31st , 2023 Whatsthedefof Hepatitis liverd 4inflammation tftqmhghetoxic gqusedbyvik.is • is in%amma(on of the liver. In%amma(on is swelling that happens when (ssues of the body are injured or infected. It can damag...

Den%stry college Human Biology Course Hepa%%s Balsam Qubais Saeed, PhD October 31st , 2023 Whatsthedefof Hepatitis liverd 4inflammation tftqmhghetoxic gqusedbyvik.is • is in%amma(on of the liver. In%amma(on is swelling that happens when (ssues of the body are injured or infected. It can damage your liver. • Hepa((s can be an acute (short-term) infec(on or a I 3 chronic (long-term) infec(on. Viral hepatitis - virus that causes in ammation of the liver Q Whatare theCauses Hepatitis Viral hepa((s is the most common type. It is caused by one of several viruses -- hepa((s viruses A, B, C, D, and E. Alcoholic hepatitis is a liver in ammation caused by Alcoholic hepa((s excessive and prolonged consumption. The liver, Toxic hepa((s can be caused by certain poisons, chemicals, alcohol which plays a crucial role in processing and detoxifying medicines, or supplements substances, can become Autoimmune hepa((s is a chronic acute siggins chronic isdgig.ly There are firaty forlong term Virus Hepa((s A (VHA), Virus Hepa((s B (VHB), Virus Hepa((s C (VHC), Virus Hepa((s D (VHD), Virus Hepa((s E (VHE) lastsfor gwYteRm Cirrhosis is a type of liver damage where healthy cells are replaced by scar tissue. Common causes include excessive drinking of alcohol, hepatitis B and C virus infections Hepatitis • Hepa((s A and E are typically caused by inges(on of contaminated food or water • Hepa((s B, C and D are typically caused by contact with contaminated blood or body %uids • In par(cular viral hepa((s types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer • About 1 million people die each year from causes related to viral hepa((s I I Enteral refers to a route of administration that involves passing substances through the digestive system. This typically includes oral administration, but it can also involve other methods that involve the gastrointestinal tract QT Parenteral refers to a route of administration in which substances are introduced into the body by means other than the digestive system. This can include injections, infusions, or other methods that bypass the gastrointestinal tract. Main transmission modes hepatitis B and C virus Whatstherouteoftransmissiontocause Hepa%%s B virus (HBV): • Sexual contact • Mother-to-child transmission • Blood-to-blood contact by unsafe injec(ng prac(ces, blood transfusion, unsterile medical equipment (HBV is a an important occupa(onal hazard for health workers) Hepa%%s C virus (HCV): • Blood-to-blood contact by unsafe injec(ng prac(ces (main transmission mode in the WHO European Region), blood transfusion, unsterile medical equipment • Sexual contact (less common) Hepatitis A (Hep A) Its highly contagious liver infec(on caused by the Hepa((s A virus (HAV) It is the most common type of viral hepa((s. Short term infec(on , its symptoms pass away within three months. Hepa((s A virus is ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus of the enterovirus family. It can cause acute liver hepa((s with jaundice. Also cause acute liver failure. found in the stool and blood of people who are infected. This disease is commonly spread through fecal-oral route Source of infec(on: It is generally seen in the areas where sanita(on and sewage disposal are poor. A vaccina(on can protect against hepa((s A. contagious mostcommontype ofliverinfection thrufecaloralroute infection Sourin of symptoms fits unsautizedsewage spreads colin andice acute liverfailure passmaffy ju are infected seen inpeople w o vaccine against it India constant Hepatitis B (Hep B) Hepa((s B is caused by the hepa((s B virus (HBV) the virus can cause acute , small minority of people may develop long-term infec(on (chronic infec(on) can lead to serious, even lifethreatening. generally spread during unprotected sex or by sharing needles to inject drugs. I unsterilizedtunsafeinjections Source of infec(on: contaminated needles, syringes, blood products, homosexual men, taToo sexualcontact Not all people newly infected with HBV have symptoms its main cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. The vaccine gives protec(on against the hepa((s B virus contaminatedneedlesbloodtobloodtatto Source needles or sex shaving unprotected I spreadby can cause hepatocellular carcinoma of fmgjygi.ge Theres vaccite against it Hepatitis C (Hep C) Hepa((s C is caused by the hepa((s C virus (HCV) is ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. For some people, hepa((s C is a short-term illness, but for more than half of people who become infected with the hepa((s C virus, it becomes a long-term, chronic infec(on. It is par(cularly concentrated in the blood, so it is usually transmiTed I through blood-to-blood contact, and through unprotected sex, and contaminated needles. It can result in both acute and chronic infec(on. Chronic HCV result in liver cirrhosis. There is currently no vaccina(on for hepa((s C. The best way to prevent hepa((s C is by avoiding behaviors that can spread the disease, especially injec(ng drugs I I r Chronic HCV Hepatitis D (Hep D) Hepa((s D is caused by the hepa((s D virus (HDV) also known as “delta hepa((s,” can be an acute, short-term infec(on or become a long-term, chronic infec(on. It’s a defec(ve single – stranded RNA virus that can not survive on its own . Its required hepa((s B virus replicate. is only present in people already infected with hepa((s B (it needs the presence of the hepa((s B virus to be able to survive in the body). People can become infected with both hepa((s B and hepa((s D viruses at the same (me (known as “coinfec(on”) or get hepa((s D a[er \rst one being infected with the hepa((s B virus (known as “superinfec(on”). Chronic carrier of HBV always risk of transmission. Sources of infec(on: are same of HBV sex unsalefanprotectedneedles 1 bloodtoblood I II go Hepatitis E (Hep E) Hepa((s E is caused by the hepa((s E virus (HEV) is RNA virus. like is generally a mild and short-term infec(on. HEV is found in the stool of an infected person D  More common in adults and sever in pregnant women. It also spreads through fecal-oral route. Person-to-person transmission is rare. It is spread when someone unknowingly ingests the virus – even in microscopic amounts. Sources of infec(on is contaminated water , pore sanita(on Its resolves on its own within four to six weeks. No approved vaccine for hepa((s E Afc EE RNA virus I b E No Vaccine E Preventions According to the American Dental Associa(on, dental providers are at a three- to four-fold risk of contrac(ng the hepa((s B virus compared to the general popula(on. The hepa((s B vaccine that we are required to have as dental professionals and the precau(onary methods we take greatly decreases the risk of obtaining the virus.5 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Preven(on, comple(ng the series of vaccine shots for the hepa((s B virus protects us from becoming infected.