4. Carbohydrate Metabolism (1).pdf

HNUT10010 HNUT10020 Human Nutrition 1: Understanding Nutrients Aifric O’Sullivan BSc, MSc, PhD UCD Institute of Food and Health School of Agriculture and Food Science Carbohydrate Metabolism • • • • Overview carbohydrate metabolism Glycolysis TCA cycle Electron transport chain Carbohydrate Fun...

HNUT10010 HNUT10020 Human Nutrition 1: Understanding Nutrients Aifric O’Sullivan BSc, MSc, PhD UCD Institute of Food and Health School of Agriculture and Food Science Carbohydrate Metabolism • • • • Overview carbohydrate metabolism Glycolysis TCA cycle Electron transport chain Carbohydrate Functions Energy Carbohydrate Metabolism Energy 3 1 1: Glycolysis 2: Acetyl-CoA 3: TCA cycle 4: ETC (ATP) 2 4 Glucose Metabolism • Step 1: • Glycolysis: Glucose → Pyruvate Anaerobic: Pyruvate → Lactate  Cori Cycle Route depend on O2 availability e.g. high intensity exercise • Step 2: • Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA mitochondria Glucose Metabolism • Step 3: • TCA cycle *** B-vitamins 2 1 • Step 4: • Electron transport chain 1 glucose = 38 ATP 1 palmitic acid (FA) = 130 ATP Electron Transport Chain Intermediates of glycolysis Glycaemic Carbohydrates • Optimal brain function >4 mmol/L • Normal fasting glucose 5.5 mmol/L • Hypoglycaemia <3 mmol/L – Weakness, hunger, dizziness – Prolonged can result unconsciousness and brain damage Quiz • On a scale of 1 to 5, how difficult was this lecture? • What slides were most difficult? 10 Reading • Gibney M, Lanham-New S, Cassidy A, Vorster H, eds. Introduction to Human Nutrition. 2nd ed: WileyBlackwell, 2009. Chapter 5 • Gropper SS, Smith JL. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, International Edition 6th ed: Wadsworth Cenage Learning, 2013.Chapter 3 & 4 • McGuire M, Beerman KA: Nutritional Sciences: From Fundamentals to Food. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth; 2013. Chapter 4