UNIT 3 Operating System & Application Software PDF

UNIT 3 OPERATING SYSTEM AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE Key Terms: Operating system (OS), Installation, Application software, Devices Driver 3.1. Operating Systems and Installation An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides services for co...

UNIT 3 OPERATING SYSTEM AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE Key Terms: Operating system (OS), Installation, Application software, Devices Driver 3.1. Operating Systems and Installation An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between the user and the computer hardware, enabling the execution of applications and coordinating various system components. 3.1.1. Introduction to an operating system This unit focuses on the installation of operating systems, application software, and device drivers. It begins with an introduction to operating systems, covering their purpose and functions. The types of operating systems are explained, including examples such as Windows, macOS, and Linux. The process of installing an operating system is discussed, highlighting the steps involved. Next, the unit moves on to application software installation. Different types of application software are explored, such as productivity software, multimedia software, and specialized software. The concept of software licensing is introduced, including proprietary, open-source, and freeware licenses. The importance of accessing minimum and maximum hardware and operating system requirements is emphasized when installing application software. The unit also covers the installation, configuration, and launching of office applications. Additionally, the processes of updating and removing software are explained. The unit concludes with the topic of installing device drivers. The purpose and use of drivers are described, emphasizing their role in facilitating communication between hardware devices and the operating system. Different methods of driver installation are discussed, such as automatic installation through operating system updates or manual installation using driver installation files. The importance of regularly checking for installed drivers and updates is highlighted to ensure optimal device performance. Overall, this unit provides a comprehensive overview of the installation processes for operating systems, application software, and device drivers, enabling learners to effectively set up and configure computer systems. 3.1.2. Types of operating systems: There are different types of operating systems, including:  Windows: Developed by Microsoft and widely used in personal computers.  macOS: Developed by Apple and used in Mac computers.  Linux: An open-source operating system available in various distributions, known for its flexibility and customization options.  UNIX: A multi-user and multitasking operating system used in servers and enterprise environments. 3.1.3. Operating system installation: Operating system installation involves preparing the installation media (such as a DVD or USB drive) and following a step-by-step installation process. The installation process typically includes selecting the installation type, partitioning the hard drive, specifying the installation location, and configuring system settings. Practical work: Operating System Installation steps The steps for installing an operating system may vary depending on the specific operating system you are installing. However, here is a general outline of the steps involved in installing an operating system: 1. Prepare for installation:  Ensure that you have a compatible hardware setup for the operating system you are installing.  Back up any important data from the existing operating system if you are performing a clean installation. 2. Prepare the operating system:  Download the operating system installation files from the official website or obtain a physical installation disc or USB drive.  Create installation media (if necessary):   If you have downloaded the operating system files, create a bootable USB drive or burn the files to a DVD or CD using appropriate software. 3. Configure the BIOS/UEFI settings:  Restart your computer and access the BIOS or UEFI settings by pressing the designated key (usually displayed during the boot process).  Configure the boot order to prioritize the installation media (USB or DVD drive) to boot from. 4. Start the installation process:  Insert the installation media into the computer and restart it.  Follow the on-screen prompts to start the installation process. 5. Select language and region settings:  Choose your preferred language and region settings for the operating system. 6. Accept the license terms:  Read and accept the license agreement for the operating system. 7. Choose the installation type:  For a clean installation, select the option to install the operating system on a new or formatted partition.  For an upgrade installation, choose the option to upgrade the existing operating system. 8. Select the installation location:  Choose the disk or partition where you want to install the operating system. 9. Customize installation settings (if available):  Some operating systems may provide additional customization options, such as selecting specific features or components to install. 10. Wait for the installation to complete:  The installation process may take some time, during which the operating system files will be copied and configured on your computer. 11. Set up user accounts and preferences:  Follow the prompts to create a user account and set up additional preferences, such as computer name, password, network settings, etc. 12. Complete the installation:   Once the installation is finished, the computer may restart.  Remove the installation media (USB or DVD) when prompted. 13. Install device drivers and updates:  After the operating system installation is complete, install necessary device drivers for hardware components, such as graphics cards, sound cards, etc.  Apply any available operating system updates and security patches. 14. Restore data and settings (if applicable):  If you performed a clean installation, restore your backed-up data and settings to the newly installed operating system. 15. Restart the computer:  Restart the computer to ensure that all changes and settings are applied correctly. These steps provide a general overview of the installation process, but it's important to refer to the specific documentation or instructions provided by the operating system manufacturer for detailed guidance. Windows 10 Installation steps 1. Create Windows 10 USB with Media Creation Tool To create an installation media using the Media Creation Tool, connect a USB flash drive of at least 8GB of space, and use these steps: A. Open the Windows 10 download page. B. Select the "Create installation media (USB flash drive, DVD, or ISO file) for another PC" option. 2. Windows 10 clean install process After the preparation, you can proceed with the clean installation of Windows 10. To do a clean installation of Windows 10, use these steps: 1. Start the PC with Windows 10 USB media. 2. On prompt, press any key to boot from the USB flash drive. 3. On the "Windows Setup," click the Next button. Quick tip: If your language, time and currency, and keyboard are different from the default selections, make sure to select the correct settings. 4. Click the Install now button  5. On a reinstallation, click the "I don't have a product key" option to continue (assuming your device was already activated). Otherwise, if this is your first time installing Windows 10, enter the product key. 6. Click the Next button. 7. Select the edition of Windows 10 (If applicable).  Quick note: The selection has to match the edition of your product key. If you don't select the correct edition, Windows 10 won't activate, and you'll have to redo the entire process.  8. Click the Next button. 9. Select the "I accept the license terms" option to continue. 10. Click the Next button. 11. Click the "Custom: Install Windows only (Advanced)" option to continue with a clean installation. 12. Select the partition with the current installation (usually "Drive 0") and click the Delete button.  Quick tip: If "Drive 0" has multiple partitions, you must select and delete each partition to allow the setup to use the entire hard drive for the new clean installation. The setup will create the required partitions automatically during the process. Also, it's not necessary to delete the partitions on secondary drives. 13. Click the Yes button.  14. Select the empty drive (Drive 0 Unallocated Space). 15. Click the Next button. Once you complete the steps, the setup will install a fresh copy of Windows 10 on the device. 3.2. Application Software Installation 3.2.1. Types of Application software: Application software refers to programs designed for specific tasks or purposes, such as word processing, spreadsheet management, graphic design, and multimedia editing. There are several types of application software, each designed to fulfill specific purposes and cater to different user needs. Here are some common types of application software: Word Processing Software: This type of software allows users to create, edit, and format text documents. Examples include Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and Apple Pages. Spreadsheet Software: Spreadsheet software enables users to manage and analyze numerical data in the form of tables. It provides functions for calculations, data visualization, and data manipulation. Examples include Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets, and Apple Numbers. Presentation Software: Presentation software is used to create visually appealing slideshows or presentations. Users can add text, images, charts, and multimedia elements to convey information effectively. Examples include Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides, and Apple Keynote. Database Software: Database software helps users store, manage, and organize large amounts of structured data efficiently. It allows for data entry, querying, and generating reports. Examples include Microsoft Access, MySQL, and Oracle Database. Graphics and Design Software: Graphics and design software are used to create and edit visual content, such as images, illustrations, and layouts. They provide tools for image editing, vector graphics, and page layout. Examples include Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, and CorelDRAW. Web Browsers: Web browsers enable users to access and navigate websites on the internet. They provide a graphical interface for browsing web pages, displaying text, images, videos, and interactive content. Examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. Communication Software: Communication software facilitates communication between individuals or groups. It includes email clients, instant messaging applications, video conferencing tools, and collaboration platforms. Examples include Microsoft Outlook, Gmail, Skype, and Slack. Multimedia Software: Multimedia software allows users to create, edit, and play various types of media content, such as audio, video, and images. It includes media players, video editors, audio editing software, and graphic editing tools. Examples include Adobe Premiere Pro, Windows Media Player, and Audacity. Utility Software: Utility software provides essential tools for system maintenance, optimization, and security. It includes antivirus software, disk cleaners, file compression tools, and backup software. Examples include Norton Antivirus, CCleaner, and WinRAR. Educational Software: Educational software is designed to support teaching and learning processes. It includes interactive learning programs, language learning software, educational games, and simulation tools. Examples include Rosetta stone, Moodle, and Scratch. These are just a few examples of the diverse range of application software available. The specific applications and their functionalities may vary depending on the operating system and the specific needs of the users. 3.2.2. Types of Software licensing: Software licensing determines the terms and conditions under which software can be used. Common licensing types include proprietary licenses (commercial software), open-source licenses (freely available source code), and freeware licenses (free to use without restrictions). 3.2.3. Accessing minimum and maximum hardware and operating system requirements: Before installing application software, it is important to check the minimum and maximum hardware requirements specified by the software vendor. These requirements include processor speed, RAM, storage space, and operating system version compatibility. Example: Confirm Windows 10 requirements If the device already has Windows 10, the following major update will likely meet the minimum hardware requirements. However, if you're about to upgrade a computer running Windows 7 or Windows 8.1, you want to check that the device meets the minimum requirements. Here are the minimum requirements to install Windows 10 versions 21H2, 22H2, and higher:  Processor: 1GHz or System on a Chip (SoC).  Memory: 1GB for 32-bit or 2GB for 64-bit.  Storage: 32GB for 64-bit or 32-bit.  Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver.  Display: 800x600. You can use these instructions to check the device technical specifications to confirm you can do a clean install of Windows 10. 3.2.4. Install, configure, and launch office applications: The installation process for office applications typically involves running the installation file, following on-screen prompts, and entering license information if required. After installation, configuring the application involves setting preferences, customizing settings, and connecting to external services if necessary. Launching office applications can be done by clicking on their respective icons or through the Start menu or application launcher. 3.2.5. Update and Remove Software: Regular software updates are essential to ensure security, stability, and access to new features. Updates can be obtained through official software update mechanisms or by downloading and installing updates from the software vendor's website. Software removal can be done through the operating system's built-in uninstallation process or using dedicated uninstaller programs. 3.3. Installing Device Drivers Installing device drivers is the process of installing software that enables communication between the operating system and hardware devices. It involves downloading or using the installation CD provided with the device, running the installer, and following on-screen instructions. This ensures that the computer can effectively utilize the connected hardware device and ensure proper functionality. 3.3.1. Drivers and their use: Device drivers are software programs that enable communication between hardware devices and the operating system. They allow the operating system to understand and utilize the specific features and capabilities of different hardware components.  3.3.2. Driver installation methods: There are different methods for installing device drivers, depending on the operating system and the device being installed. Here are a few common methods: 1. Automatic installation through operating system updates: Many operating systems, such as Windows, have built-in mechanisms to automatically detect and install drivers for compatible hardware devices. These drivers are often obtained through regular system updates. 2. Manual installation using driver installation files: Device manufacturer's website: Most hardware manufacturers provide driver downloads on their websites. You can visit the manufacturer's support or downloads section, Find the appropriate driver for your device and operating system, and download the driver installation file (usually in the form of an executable or archive file). Device manager: In Windows, you can access the Device Manager by right-clicking on the Start button and selecting "Device Manager." From there, Find the device you want to install a driver for, right-click on it, and select "Update driver." You can choose to search for drivers automatically or browse your computer for driver software. If you have the driver installation file, you can select the "Browse my computer for drivers" option and provide the path to the driver file. Installing Drivers in Windows 10: A Step-by-Step Guide with Images Keeping your drivers updated is crucial for optimal performance and security on your Windows 10 machine. Whether you're building a new PC, experiencing issues, or simply want to ensure everything's up-to-date, and here’s a comprehensive guide with images: Method 1: Using Windows Update (Automatic) A. Open Settings: Click on the Start menu and select the gear icon. B. Navigate to Update & Security: Choose "Update & security" from the left-hand pane. C. Check for updates: Click on "Check for updates" and wait for the scan to complete. 1. Install drivers: If any driver updates are available, they'll be listed under "Optional updates." Select and install them by clicking "Download and install now." Image 1: Navigating to Update & Security Image 2: Checking for updates and installing drivers  Opens in a new window Method 2: Using Device Manager (Manual) 1. Open Device Manager: Right-click the Start menu and select "Device Manager." 2. Expand device categories: Click the arrow next to each category (e.g., Display adapters, Network adapters) to reveal your devices. 3. Identify outdated drivers: Right-click on a device and select "Properties." Go to the "Driver" tab and check the "Driver Date" or "Driver Version." 4. Update drivers: Right-click the device again and choose "Update driver." 5. Search automatically: Select "Search automatically for updated driver software." Windows will search for and install available updates.  fig 3: Device Manager Window Image 4: Updating drivers manually  Method 3: Using Manufacturer's Website (Recommended) 1. Identify your hardware: Check your device's documentation or use a system information tool to identify the manufacturer and model number of your hardware (e.g., graphics card, network adapter). 2. Visit the manufacturer's website: Navigate to the website of your hardware manufacturer (e.g., NVIDIA, Intel, and Realtek). 3. Find drivers: Search for your specific device model and download the latest drivers compatible with your Windows 10 version. 4. Install drivers: Run the downloaded installer and follow the on-screen instructions. Image 5: Searching for drivers on a manufacturer's website Additional Tips:  System restores point: Create a system restore point before updating drivers in case of any issues.  Driver compatibility: Ensure you download drivers specifically designed for your Windows 10 version and hardware model.  Third-party driver tools: Use them with caution, as they can sometimes install incompatible or unnecessary drivers. These steps and choosing the most suitable method, you can effectively install and update drivers on your Windows 10 system, ensuring smooth operation and optimal performance. 3.3.3. Checking installed drivers and updates: It's important to regularly check for installed drivers and updates to ensure optimal device performance and compatibility. Here's how you can check for installed drivers and updates:  Device Manager: Gear icon with text "Right-click Start > Device Manager."  Windows Update: Globe icon with text "Settings > Update & Security > Check for updates."  Manufacturer Website: Globe/computer icon with text "Visit manufacturer website for specific updates." By regularly checking for installed drivers and updates, you can ensure that your hardware devices are functioning optimally with the latest driver versions and compatibility improvements. Unit Summary The "Install operating system and application software" unit cover the installation and management of operating systems, application software, and device drivers. It includes an introduction to operating systems, different types of operating systems, and the process of operating system installation. It also covers application software installation, software licensing types, hardware and operating system requirements, office application setup, software updates, and removal. Additionally, it provides an understanding of device drivers, driver installation methods, and checking for driver updates. This unit equips users with the necessary knowledge and skills to set up and maintain their computer systems effectively.