HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education Higher Diploma in Health and Social Care HP-800 (2024-2025) PDF

HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education Higher Diploma in Health and Social Care HP-800 (2024-2025) HPHS4033 Introduction to Social Gerontology Lecture 1 Understand of Aging / Ageism (I) Instructed by Mr Daniel Cheng  Cou...

HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education Higher Diploma in Health and Social Care HP-800 (2024-2025) HPHS4033 Introduction to Social Gerontology Lecture 1 Understand of Aging / Ageism (I) Instructed by Mr Daniel Cheng  Course information Objectives Introduces concepts and theories of aging in the biopsychosocial, gerontological social supports, work and retirement, and economic areas. Introduces other age-related issues such as elder abuse, suicide, living arrangements, trauma and death. After this module, you will be able to: Explain basic concepts and theories of aging in biopsychosocial and economics aspects; Discuss the interventional methods of building inclusive communities to elders and caregivers; Identify the social needs of elders; and Identify and discuss aging-related issues such as elder abuse, suicide, trauma and death.  Suicide rate in Hong Kong 1092 persons/ 10 years record high  Expected hours to spend on learning Total in formal hours : 36 hours Total in self-managed hours : 78 hours Total learning hours : ( 36 + 78 )hours = 114 hours  Assessment 1. (20%) ONE assignment writings after class discussion (800-word on reflective writing on discussed topics) 2. (30%) ONE MC Quiz (1-hour) 3. (30%) 20-minute Group presentation 4. with (20%) 1,500-word group reflective writing on presentation topic 1(writings) + 1(quiz) + 1(group presentation & reflective writing)  Assessment Assessment: ONE MCQ Quiz (30%); Group Presentation (30%) and Group Reflective Writing (20%); ONE Self-reflective Writings (20%).  Assessment A. MCQ Quiz (30%) Date of Quiz 1: 28th October, 2024 (covering L1-6)  Assessment B. Group Presentation and Group Reflective Writing (50%) Date of Group Presentation: 9th December, 2024 Students will work in a group of SIX. Each group has to prepare a 20 minutes English oral presentation and 5 minutes class discussion. It is strongly recommended that students seek the advice from the teacher in class before the presentation.  Assessment B. Group Presentation and Group Reflective Writing (50%) In the fifth lecture (14/10/2024), teacher will lead each group on discussing the presentation topics. Each group will prepare a presentation outline for teacher’s feedback Groups are required to submit their presentation PowerPoint to SOUL 2.0 TWO days before the presentation day (7th December, 2024).  Assessment B. Group Presentation and Group Reflective Writing (50%) Group Presentation Guideline: The presentation should contain: *One of elderly special issues (elder abuse, elderly suicide, death and dying, elderly living alone or elderly depression…) *Recent phenomenon of the special issue *Possible Signs and symptoms related to the special issue *Causes or risk factors related to special issue *Possible treatments/ preventive measures/ health education/ special care can be suggested *Group’s perspectives or reflections on the special issue *Involvement of class discussion is highly recommended  Assessment B. Group Presentation and Group Reflective Writing (50%) Group Presentation Guideline: Extensive research of relevant information and evidence- based arguments of the subject matter are required. A minimum of TWO references must be cited at the end of the PowerPoint presentation on APA format. Wikipedia is unacceptable. Thorough discussion, coherent, clear presentation are important.  Assessment B. Group Presentation and Group Reflective Writing (50%) Group Reflective Writing Guideline: Date of Submission: 23rd December, 2024 DON’T just REPEAT the PowerPoint content Group can write about their own reflections/perspectives/discussions on the presented topics.  Assessment C. Individual Reflective Writings (20%) Date of Submission: 23rd December, 2024 Every student MUST submit ONE 800-word Individual Reflective Writings. The writings should be reflection on your overall learning in this module and your own reflection on any discussed topics during all lectures or any topics that you are interested in discussing/reflecting, in which your points of view/ ideas and reflections are crucial.  Assessment C. Individual Reflective Writings (20%) Here are some of guiding questions for facilitating your reflections: What are you going to reflect on? Why are you reflecting? What and how was your experience? What did you think and feel and what were your reactions? Have what you learnt affected you? And how? What are the general and specific conclusions you have made?  Assessment C. Individual Reflective Writings (20%) Students MUST submit topics of writing to teacher for comments, no later than 9th December, 2024. Presentation Topics 1. Elderly depression 2. Elderly death and dying education 3. Elderly suicide 4. Elder abuse 5. Elderly dementia 6. Elderly living alone 7. Health care for the Elderly  Suggested Readings 1. Aronson, L. (2019). Elderhood: Redefining Aging, Transforming Medicine, Reimagining Life. NY: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 2. Hulko, W. & Stern, L. (2019). Gerontological Social Work in Action: Anti-Oppressive Practice with Older Adults, their Families, and Communities. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd. 3. Rizzo, V.M. (2019). Gerontological Social Work and the Grand Challenges: Focusing on Policy and Practice (1st Edition). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 4. Hooyman, N.R., & Kawamoto, K.Y. & Kiyak, H.A. (2017). Social Gerontology: A Multidisciplinary Perspective (10th Edition). US: Pearson. 5. Hooyman, N. R., Kawamoto, K. Y. & Kiyak, H.A. (2015). Aging matters: An introduction to social gerontology. New York: Pearson. 安老服務科。(2019)。《處理虐待長者個案程序指引》(二零一九年修訂)。 6. 香港：社會福利署。 Attitudes + Insights Welcome to social gerontology! Hope you will enjoy during these 12 Lectures! Are you OLD? Understand of Aging / Ageism  Learning outcomes After the lesson, students will be able to:  Define geriatrics, gerontology and social gerontology.  Define aging.  Understand the demographic of aging population in Hong Kong and worldwide.  Discuss the concepts of life expectancy and life span.  Before the lesson, let’s think about…… Are you afraid of aging? Why? How old would you like to be? Why? 14 糸岡富子1908年5月23日出生--- 在世的全球最高齡老人 她的長壽秘訣也與良好 的生活習慣有關。報導 指出，她在學校時是排 球隊的成員，平時喜歡 散步，還經常參拜寺廟 和神社。即使已經過了 百歲，她仍然精力充沛， 可以步行大約3公里從 海邊的家到山上的神社。 14  Jeanne Calment (21stFeb, 1875 - 4thAug, 1997) ---Oldest recorded human who ever lived She ate more than two pounds of chocolate a week, and smoked until she was 119. She once said “If you can’t do anything about it, don’t worry about it.” Can they join?  Jeanne Calment’s longevity and vitality In her early life tennis, bicycling, swimming, roller-skating, piano, and opera. In her later life fencing lessons at 85 rode a bicycle until age 100. at age 121, she released two CDs, which featured her reminiscing to a score of rap and other tunes. attribute her longevity to her extraordinary immunity to stress. But genes may also be a factor since both her parents were long-lived. credited her longevity to an occasional glass of port wine, a diet rich in olive oil, and lots of laughter.  Discussion Will you worry about anything when you are getting old? What are those?  - Ears and eyes - Chronic illnesses - Attractiveness - Self - confidence Money Health Loneliness Appearance - Mortgage - Social - Expenses networks (daily, - Children medical, are busy etc. ) - widowhood At what age, would you consider as an old person? And why?  Retirement? Appearance? Average retirement age of football player is 35, according to the PFA. David Beckham Hidetoshi Nakata / retired at 38 yr-old / retired at 29 yr-old Genes and lifestyles play important roles and aging. Different occupations may differ from defining old. 一個人的快樂/ You are HAPPY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=- aRPq_5kxjQ The Field of Gerontology /ˌdʒɛrənˈtɒlədʒi/ Gerontology Old man The study of 21 The Field of Gerontology Biological Gerontology Social Psychological 22  What is Social Gerontology? First used by Clark Tibbitts in 1954. Focus on the impact of social and sociocultural conditions on aging process and its social consequences. Goal of social gerontologists : to investigate how social structure affects older population and aging experiences. To help older adults live active, independent lifestyles.  Social Gerontology Studies and targets the impact of social and sociocultural conditions on the process of ageing and its social consequences Older population Diversity of aging Social Structure experience 24  Terminology Geriatrics medicine Focusses on the health, biological, or physical aspects of aging Gerontology Is the scientific study of aging that examines the biological, psychological, and sociological factors associated with old age and aging. (Robnett & Chop, 2010).  Gerontological Specialists vs Gerontologist Gerontological Specialists Gerontologist Primary training in other disciplines Gerontology is the primary training Received further training in Fewer than gerontological specialists Gerontology or geriatricians Physicians Nurses Social Workers Physiotherapists Occupational Therapists 26 What is Aging ? Universal process that begins at birth. Individualized and independent process. Affected by historical, political, cultural, economic and other societal circumstances. How do we define Age?  How do we define Age? Chronological Aging Based on a person’s years lived from birth. Biological Aging Physiological changes reduce the efficiency of organ systems. Psychological Aging Alternations that occur in cognitive abilities, emotions and adaptive capacity and personality. Social Aging An individual’s changing roles and relationships with family, friends and other informal supports, and both paid and unpaid productive role such as voluntary and work. Diversity in Terminology 當大家都120歲時， 60歲啱啱是中年 原文網址: 曾提綜援年齡兩年上調一歲 羅致光：當大家120歲，60歲剛是中年 | 香港01 https://www.hk01.com/sns/article/282399?utm_source=01articlecopy&utm_medium=referral 29 Category of Aging Population Categories Age range Young - old Aged 65-74 Old - old Aged 75-84 Oldest - old Aged 85 or above Centenarians Aged 100 or above Super - Centenarians Aged 110 or above (Hooyman, N. R., Kawamoto, K. Y. & Kiyak, H.A., 2015, p.20) Global and Regional trends in population aging  No. of persons aged 65 or above in, 2019 and 2050 Number of Number of Percentage persons aged 65 persons aged 65 change between Region or over in 2019 or over in 2050 2019 and 2050 (millions) (millions) World 702.9 1 548.9 120 Sub-Saharan Africa 31.9 101.4 218 Northern Africa and Western Asia 29.4 95.8 226 Central and Southern Asia 119.0 328.1 176 Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 260.6 572.5 120 Latin America and the Caribbean 56.4 144.6 156 Australia and New Zealand 4.8 8.8 84 Oceania excluding Australia and New 0.5 1.5 190 Zealand Europe and Northern America 200.4 296.2 48 Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019.  No. of persons aged 65 or above in, 2019 and 2050 Number of Number of Percentage persons aged 65 persons aged 65 change between Region or over in 2019 or over in 2050 2019 and 2050 (millions) (millions) World 702.9 1 548.9 120 Sub-Saharan Africa 31.9 101.4 218 Northern Africa and Western Asia 29.4 95.8 226 (the greatest increase Central and Southern Asia 119.0 328.1 176 Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 260.6 (the largest 572.5 (the largest 120 no.) no.) Latin America and the Caribbean 56.4 144.6 156 Australia and New Zealand 4.8 8.8 84 Oceania excluding Australia and New 0.5 1.5 190 Zealand Europe and Northern America 200.4 296.2 (3rd largest 48 (the smallest no.) increase) Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019.  Numbers of persons aged 65 or above in 2019 703m persons aged 65 or above Region with the largest no. of older adults : 1. Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (261 million) 2. Europe and Northern America (over 200 million) 3. Central and Southern Asia (119 million)  Numbers of persons aged 65 or above in 2050 (1) Is projected to more than double  over 1.5m Region with the largest numbers : Eastern and South-Eastern Asia with 312m increase [ 261m(2019)  573m(2050) ] Region with the smallest increase: Europe and Northern America with 48% increase  the third largest no. of older adults in 2050 [2nd (2019)  3rd (2050)] Numbers of persons aged 65 or above in 2050 (2) Region with the greatest increase : 1. Northern Africa and Western Asia with 226% increase [ 29m(2019)  96m(2050) ] 2. Sub-Saharan Africa with 218% increase [ 32m(2019)  101m(2050) ] Less developed countries will be home to more than two-thirds of the world’s older population (1.1 billion) in 2050.  No. of persons aged 80 or above , by region, 2019 and 2050 Region Number of Number of Percentage persons aged 65 persons aged 65 change between or over in 2019 or over in 2050 2019 and 2050 (millions) (millions) World 143.1 426.4 197.9 Sub-Saharan Africa 3.7 12.4 238.1 Northern Africa and Western Asia 5.2 20.3 291 Central and Southern Asia 18.5 62.6 239 Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 48.6 177.0 264.1 Latin America and the Caribbean 12.0 41.4 245.2 Australia and New Zealand 1.2 3.3 168.4 Oceania excluding Australia and New 0.1 0.2 269.1 Zealand Europe and Northern America 53.9 109.1 102.6 Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019.  No. of persons aged 80 or above , by region, 2019 and 2050 Region Number of Number of Percentage persons aged 65 persons aged 65 change between or over in 2019 or over in 2050 2019 and 2050 (millions) (millions) World 143.1 426.4 197.9 Sub-Saharan Africa 3.7 12.4 238.1 Northern Africa and Western Asia 5.2 20.3 291 (the greatest increase) Central and Southern Asia 18.5 62.6 239 Eastern and South-Eastern Asia 48.6 177.0 (the largest 264.1 no.) Latin America and the Caribbean 12.0 41.4 245.2 Australia and New Zealand 1.2 3.3 168.4 Oceania excluding Australia and New 0.1 0.2 269.1 Zealand Europe and Northern America 53.9 (the largest 109.1 102.6 no.) Source: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects 2019.  Numbers of persons aged 80 or above in 2019 Region with the largest no. of older adults : 1.Europe and Northern America (53.9 million) 2. Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (48.6 million) 3. Central and Southern Asia (18.5 million)  Numbers of persons aged 80 or above in 2050 Rapid increase in all regions (143.1m  426.4m) More than half of population will live in: 1. Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (177 million) 2. Europe and Northern America (109 million) Region with the largest increase: 1. Northern Africa and Western Asia (291% increase) 2. Oceania (269.1% increase) 3. Eastern and South-Eastern Asia (264.1% increase)  Global Aging (1) By 2050, one in every six persons in the world will be over age 65 (16%), up from one in every eleven in 2019 (9%). (World  Global Aging (2) Determination of increasing size and age Composition of a population Fertility Longevity (higher level of life expectancy) International migration age structure in some countries and regions (migrants tend to be in the young working ages)  Global Aging (3) Two thirds (2/3) of the world’s older persons live in the developing regions, where their numbers are growing faster than in the developed regions. In 2050, it is expected that nearly 8 in 10 (8/10) of the world’s older persons will be living in the developing regions. (World Population Ageing Report, 2019) 78歲老人獨居/ 78 yrs old Living alone https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GYY XD5PoZU Demographic trend in Hong Kong in the past 30 years (Dr. Kelvin Wong & Matthew Yeung, 2019)  Population in Hong Kong Total population : 5.59m 7.12m (average annual increase of 0.8%). Between 1993 and 1998  highest average annual growth rate (1.9%) Reason: people who had emigrated in early years returned to Hong Kong Population of the elderly (aged 65 and over): 0.46 m (8.2%)  1.27 m (17.9%) Population of children (aged below 18): 1.51m (27.0%)  1.02m (14.4%).  HK Ageing Population Trend Life expectancy at birth in 2020 Male: 82.1 Female: 88.7 Man lives 17 and woman 23 more years after reaching age 65 46 HKSAR, 2021.  HK Ageing Population Trend Increasing ageing population Decreasing younger population Birth rate is on further decreasing trend 47 HKSAR, 2021. HK Ageing Population Trend Increasing both number and % of old old in the ageing population HKSAR, 2021. 48 Demographic trend in Hong Kong in 2018-2066 (Dr. Kelvin Wong & Matthew Yeung, 2019)  Hong Kong 3 persons  1 elder  Hong Kong 統計處推算2046年 本港長者人口比例 增至36% 政府統計處推算「居港人口」在2046年中 達819萬，較2021年中的714萬人口，增 加78萬。（港台圖片）  Aging population in Hong Kong in 2018-2066 Rapid increase of Aging population, between 2018 and 2038. Aging population 1.27m (17.9%)  2.44m (31.9%). Approximately one in every three persons will be elders in 2038. From the study, aged 75 or above, 0.57m (7.9%)  1.40m (18.3%).  Discussion (3-4 person / group) Topic Why will there be great increase of aging population in Hong Kong in the future? Aging Population in Hong Kong Lower fertility rate Rising longevity (high level of life expectancy ) Higher proportion of older adults Increasing demand on healthcare and community services Greater burden for the younger age groups  Life Expectancy and Life Span Life Expectancy the length of time one could expect to live, based on statistical average. e.g. life expectancy of women in Hong Kong is 87. Life Span The maximum numbers of years for which a person, animal or thing exists. e.g. humans are said to have a lifespan of 122 years ; lifespan of football players is averagely around 6-8 years. Life Expectancy in worldwide in 2018 The Top 10 Highest Rank Countries / Regions Average Women Men 1 Hong Kong 84.7 87.6 81.8 2 Japan 84.5 87.5 81.1 3 Singapore 83.8 85.8 81.5 4 Italy 83.6 85.5 81.7 5 Spain 83.4 86.1 80.7 6 Switzerland 83.4 85.3 81.1 7 Australia 83.3 85.3 81.3 8 Iceland 82.9 84.4 81.3 9 Israel 82.8 84.4 81.1 10 South Korea 82.8 85.8 79.7 Source from: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Discussion (3-4 person / group) TOPICS 1. What factors influence life expectancy of a person? 2. How do the factors influence life expectancy? Factors influencing higher life expectancy (1) Factors influencing higher life expectancy (2) Factors influencing higher life expectancy (3) Other factors…… Better prenatal and early childhood services Lower exposure to pollution Higher level of education status Higher income level More access to healthcare  Discussion Topic What are the impacts on Aging Population? (both positive or negative are welcome ! ) Impacts associated with Aging Population Increase in the dependency ratio Increased government spending on health care and pensions Shortage of workers Social support services Prevalence of patterns of chronic disease and disability Values and Cultures Providing family support and care  HK Ageing Population Trend Dependency Ratio of elderly – No of elderly aged over 65/ 1000 persons aged between 15 & 64 – Increasing from existing 1/3+ to 1/1+ in 2066 61 HKSAR, 2018. "Have an elderly at home is like having a treasure." 「家有一老，如有一寶」 What did you learn in this lesson?  Key terms in Lesson 1 Aging Psychological aging Longevity Social aging Gerontology Demographic Social gerontology Fertility Geriatrics medicine Life expectancy Chronological aging Life span Biological aging Mortality  References Hooyman, N. R., Kawamoto, K. Y. & Kiyak, H.A. (2015). Aging matters: An introduction to social gerontology. New York: Pearson, pp1-31. Jill M. Chonody & Barbra A. Teater (2018). Social Work Practice With Older Adult: An Actively Aging Framework for Practice. Sage Publications Inc., pp1-22. Hulko, W. & Stern, L. (2019). Gerontological Social Work in Action: Anti- Oppressive Practice with Older Adults, their Families, and Communities. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd., pp1-14. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2020). World Population Ageing 2019 (ST/ESA/SER.A/444). Retrieved August 5, 2020 from https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/Worl dPopulationAgeing2019-Report.pdf. Office of the Government Economist–Economic Letter (2019). Population ageing trend of Hong Kong. Retrieved August 5, 2020 from https://www.hkeconomy.gov.hk/en/pdf/el/el-2019-02.pdf