Problem-based Learning PDF

Problem-based learning Prof.AliBatarfi, MD,FICMS,MHPE,MFPH(UK) Objectives : By the end of the lecture , the students are expected to: 1- recognize the concept of PBL and its rationale. 2- understand group dynamics. 3-identify the essential characteristics of small group discussion (SGD). 4...

Problem-based learning Prof.AliBatarfi, MD,FICMS,MHPE,MFPH(UK) Objectives : By the end of the lecture , the students are expected to: 1- recognize the concept of PBL and its rationale. 2- understand group dynamics. 3-identify the essential characteristics of small group discussion (SGD). 4-differntiate between classical and innovative curriculum. Teaching methods which place the student in an Active situation for learning are more likely to be effective than those which do not. G.E.Miller The purpose of teaching is to facilitate learning. Concept of PBL: Learning that results from the process of working toward the understanding or resolution of a problem, the problem is encountered first. Rationale: the principle of PBL is to put learner in a particular situation ,and then to give them a task or challenge as a source for learning ,and arrange it to be of a kind similar to work with which they will be confronted in their professional future Characteristics of PBL 1- Full integration 2-Active & Self-directed learning (SDL) 3- Clinical reasoning Clinical reasoning : A mental exercise whereby a decision is to be taken to select and perform a specific clinical step according to the analysis of the previous step.  Small group session: to achieve success, you need to plan carefully and to develop skills in group management.you should not fall into the common error of believing that discussion in groups will just happen.Even if it does ,it is often directionless, unproductive, unsatisfying and perhaps threatening. The importance of small group session : 1-social 2-educational Small group teaching must have at least the following three characteristics: Active participation Face-to-face contact Purposeful activity Group Dynamics(GD) Group dynamics is a set of behavioral and psychological process that occur within a social group or between groups ,it refers to the nature of groups ,the laws of their development , and their interrelations with individuals other groups ,and larger institutions.  GD, is concerned with the interaction of forces among group members in a social situation. Stages of GD: there are 5 stages in GD, 1- forming stage(orientation) members get to know each other & set ground rules. 2-storming stage (power struggle) members come to resist control by group leader & show hostility 3-norming stage (cooperation &integration) , work together developing close relationships & feelings of Cohesiveness 4-performing stage (synergy)— group members work towards getting their jobs done. 5-adjourning stage (closure) ,group may disband either after meeting their goals or because members leave Principles of the Group dynamics: 1-the members of the group must have a strong sense of belonging to the group. The barriers between the leaders and to be led must be broken down. 2-The greater the prestige of the group member in the eyes of the member ,the greater influence he would exercise on the theme 3-The successful efforts to change individuals sub parts of the group would result in making them confirm to the norms of the group. Seven Jumps in two sessions, D1(brain- storming) 1. Difficult words and terms 2. Definition of the problem 3. Analysis of the problem 4. Needs to solve the problem 5. Formulation of learning objectives D2 ( debriefing ) Exchanging information regarding individual findings Supplementing each other’s knowledge and correcting mistakes where it is necessary Analyzing the problem again and arrive to solutions Evaluating self and peers Differences between the classical and PBL Item Classical PBL Curriculum Redundancy and overload Minimizing redundancy and overload core curriculum) Course Basic sciences followed by Fully integrated medical clinical sciences sciences Educational methods No place of SGD SGD is adopted Role of students and Teacher-centered, the Student-centered, tutor teacher teacher doesn't play the play the role of facilitator role of facilitator Learning process No stress on SDL SDL is one of the main characteristics Thank you