16th Century England, The Tudors and Protestantism PDF

The Protestant Reformation in England Why did the Protestant Reformation happen in England? Class Agenda for March 7, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Questions and Agenda 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand the events that led to the England’s conversion to Protestantism. 3. Essential Question: How did p...

The Protestant Reformation in England Why did the Protestant Reformation happen in England? Class Agenda for March 7, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Questions and Agenda 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand the events that led to the England’s conversion to Protestantism. 3. Essential Question: How did protestant England evolve in the 16th century? 4. Thought/Meme of the Day 5. Vocabulary and definitions a. Homework: Please read the attached reading on the Protestant Reformation, (no summary) King Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) - “Defender of the Faith” - in 1521, he needed a heir, a male heir; he had a daughter Mary, Henry was married to Catherine of Aragon (her nephew was Charles V of Spain) Henry was convinced Catherine (42 yrs old) could have no more children. No divorce in the Catholic Church, - He asked the Pope for an annulment - The Pope said no; Henry was not pleased Henry called Parliament into session in 1529 The Reformation parliament - Henry wanted to end the Pope’s power in England, (he needed the divorce) - 1533 Henry was secretly planning to marry Anne Boleyn (mother to Elizabeth I) 1534 Parliament legalized divorce; Henry was able to divorce Catherine - But she didn’t agree, she was still Catholic. (She died in 1536) The Act of Supremacy makes the English monarch the head of the English Church) not the Pope - Sir Thomas More opposed it and was executed for opposing Henry Henry VIII transformed England from a Catholic nation into a Protestant nation because he wanted a male heir Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn had Elizabeth, but no male heir Anne Boleyn was accused of treason… (fabricated charge) and beheaded in 1536 Anne Boleyn was eliminated so Henry could marry Jane Seymour to obtain a male heir; Jane had a son Edward VI (r. 1547-1553) - Henry most likely had syphilis; there was nothing wrong with his wives More protestant reforms began under Edward, but he was sickly and died young. Mary (r. 1553-1558), tried to bring back Catholicism to England; strong resistance, and many protestants were executed - She is known as Bloody Mary Queen Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) The Last of the Tudor Monarchs In 1559, Elizabeth restores Protestantism in England or the Anglican Church - She tried to create a church of moderates (Catholics and Protestants) - Priests were allowed to marry and sermons were in English, not Latin - Rich rituals for Catholics, reforms for Protestants Philip II of Spain wanted to invade England, dethrone Elizabeth I, and re-establish Catholicism In 1588, Elizabeth defeated Philip II of Spain and the Great Spanish Armada, - It strengthened the power and prestige of Great Britain 130 ships and 19K soldiers faced a larger English fleet, but English had less firepower - English used artillery, long-range canons and out maneuvered the Spanish fleet in their waters Elizabeth was faced with many challenges as a female monarch in a male dominated world - Many assassination attempts - One involved her cousin Mary Queen of Scots, in which Mary was executed - Many of her advisors tried to get her to marry, but Elizabeth did not want to share her power, or give it up to her husband - She is known as the Virgin queen - The state of Virginia is named after her.