NEET Botany Crash Course: Plant Kingdom in 1 Shot PDF

# NEET BOTANY CRASH COURSE ## PLANT KINGDOM IN 1 SHOT ### DAY 6 ### Five Kingdom classification - Monera - Protista - Fungi - Plantae - Animalia * System of Classification - method to classify angiosperm ### System of Classification #### (1) Artificial System - Based on Morphological characte...

# NEET BOTANY CRASH COURSE ## PLANT KINGDOM IN 1 SHOT ### DAY 6 ### Five Kingdom classification - Monera - Protista - Fungi - Plantae - Animalia * System of Classification - method to classify angiosperm ### System of Classification #### (1) Artificial System - Based on Morphological characters - Linnaeus - Same Group - Group appear to artificial - no. of Androceium - Basis of classification - When we consider - Morphology, Cytology, Anatomy, Phytochemistry - Ex - Bentham & Hooker * Group appear to be natural #### (2) Natural System - ### 3. Phylogenetic - Organisms placed in one group have common ancestor ### Numerical Taxonomy - Trait -> Code -> Equal weights - Computer Based programme ### Cytotaxonomy (Karyotaxonomy) - Use Chromosome no., structure behavior classification ### Chemotaxonomy - Use chemical (secondary metabolite) ### Plant kingdom #### Algae - chlorella - Chlamydomonas - volvox - (Green) Cladophora - spirogyra - Ulothrix - Chara - Brown Algae - Fucus, Ectocarpus, kelp, Sargassum, Laminaria, Dictyota - Red Algae - Gelidium Gracilaria Porphyra polysiphonia #### Bryophyte - Marchantia - Liverwort - Sphagnum, Polytrichum, Funaria - Moss #### Pteridophyte - Pteris, Dryopteris, Adiantum, Ophioglossum, Salvinia - Psilotum, seleginella, Equisetum, Lycopodium #### Gymnosperm - Ginkgo, Sequoia, Cedrus, Pinus, Cycas #### Angiosperm - Common Example ### From Example how many are - - Pteridophyte - 4 - Pteris - Pte - Equisetum - Pte - Seleginella - Pte - Vallisneria - Angio - Gynosperm, Red Algae (2) - Cycas - Gymno - Pinus - Gymno - Salvia - Pte - Marchantia - Bryo - Polysiphonia - Red Alg - Pea - Angio - Porphyra - RA ### Some General features 1. Zygotic Meiosis & Mitosis - Algae - Zygole meiosis - spore from 2. Archegonium - Bryo, Pterido, Gymno - Zygote mitosis 3. Cryptogemal & Phanerogemal - - Algae, Bryo, Pte - Sex organ visible + Ex - Angio, Gyno - Spermatophyta - Seed bearing - Gymno, Angio 4. Tracheophyta - Vascular Bundle - Pterido, Gymno, Angio ### Zygatic meiosis Embryophite Anchayanion | | Zygatic meiosis | Embryophite | Anchayanion | |:----------:|:----------------:|:------------:|:-------------:| | Algae | X | X | X | | Bryophyte | X | X | √ | |Pteridophyte | X | √ | √ | |Gymnosperm | X | √ | √ | |Angiosperm | X | √ | √ | ### Cryptogemar Phanerogemal tracheophyta | | Cryptogemar | Phanerogemal | tracheophyta | |:----------:|:------------:|:-------------:|:-------------:| | Algae | √ | X | X | | Bryophyte | √ | X | X | |Pteridophyte | √ | X | √ | |Gymnosperm | X | √ | √ | |Angiosperm | X | √ | √ | ### spermetophyta Haploid Diploid Lifecycle | | spermetophyta | Haploid | Diploid Lifecycle | |:----------:|:------------:|:-------:|:------------------:| | Algae | X | X | X | | Bryophyte | X | X | X | |Pteridophyte | X | X | X | |Gymnosperm | √ | √ | √ | |Angiosperm | √ | √ | √ | ### From Given Examples: - Pteris, Dryopteris and Equisetum are pteridophyte. - Cycas, Psilotum, Marchantia, Salvinia, Funaria, porphura and Chlorella are not spermetophyta - NEEM (Angiatophyta) is a spermatophyta - Total spermetophyta = 2 ### How many are: - Archegonium - Bry, Pte, Cyno - Embryophyta - Bryo, Pte, Gymno, Anno - tracheophyta - Pte, Gymno, Ango ### Haploid and Diploid organism (Plant) - Gamete (n) -> Mitosis -> Gametophyte (n) -> Fertilization -> Sporophyte (2n) -> Meiosis -> Spore (n) ### How we decide plant is haploid or Diploid - Ogamete (2n) -> Meiosis -> Spore (n) -> Mitosis -> Gametophyte (n) ### Algae - Filament - Thallus - gametophyte ### Bryophyte - (main plant) Body ### Pteridophyte ### Angiosperm - Sporophyte (stage) ### Gymnosperm ### Life cycle - **Haploid plant** - Algae - Haplontic - **Haplo diplontic** - Bryophyte, pteridophyte - **Diplantic** - Gymnosperm, Angiosperm ### Habitat - **Unusual** - Snow, Moist soil, Sloth bear - **Main habitat** -Aquatic - Fresh water - Stagnant, Flowing) - Marine - Brackish water - Warm Wats ### Structure - **Unicellular** - **Colonial** - **Filamentous** - **External Cell Detail** - **Ochlamydomonas** - Colony - **Coluox** - Colony ### Cell detail - (Eukaryote) - Cell wall, Flagella, Pigment, Storage - **Nutrition** - Oxygenic Phototsynthesis (Chla - compulsory) - **Reproduction** - Vegetative - Fragmentation, PS II - **Asexual** - zoospore & Aplanospord - **Sexual** - Gameta Form ### Economic Importance - **Producers - More so% Co2 Fix in ocean** - **Oxygen - Inc. 0z Aroung Habitat** - **Food** - 70 Special Algae - Food (Sargassum, Laminaria) - **Hydrocolloid** - Red Algae - Carageen - **Brown Algae - Algin** - **Chemical - Agar produce by Red Algae (Glicone, Gelidium)** - **Spirulina** - Space travellers ### Green Algae - **Habitat** - Fresh water (mainly) - **Moist soil** - **Marine** - **Structure** - Uniellular, Motile - **Non-Motile** - Chlamydomonas - **Filamentous** - **Clodophura** - **Ulothrix** - **Spirogyra** - **Cell Detail** - Cell wall - Pectin, Innex - **Flagella** - two-8 - **Apical** - **(loose traumete** - **Pigment** - Chla, cheb - **Structure** - pyrenoid - **Store protein beside starch** - **Storage** - Starch - **Reproduction** - Fragmentation - **Asexual** - 200spare - 2-8 - **Equal sye** - 200spare - **Sexual reproduction** - Isogamous (Spirogyra) - **Anisojamoun **- non-motile gsogamou motile - Cledophora - **(Chlamydomonas, Ulation** - Dogemoun) - **Anisogamoun** - Eudoring - **Oogamorn** - Volwoy ### Brown Algae - **Habitat** - Fresh water (Rnx), Marine - **Structure** - Filamentous - **Non-Motile** - **Large size (Kelp - 100m)** - **Cell Detail** - Cellulos + Alginic - **Flagell** - Lateral - **Unequal** -**Pigment** - Chla, chec, Fucoxanthin - **Colour Change** - From olice green to Brown - **Storege** - Laminarian starch, Mannitol - **Reproduction** - Asexual - 200spare - **2-(atenl Flagell** (Pear shapo - **Sexual reproduction** - Asexual - **Non-motile** gsogamou motile - **Dogemoun** ### Red Algae - **Habitat** - Fresh water (some), Marine, Deep sea - **Structure** - Filamentous - **Cell Detail** - Cellulos + Carageen - **Flagelle** - Absent - **Pigment** - Chla+, ched, Phyco erythrin - **Red** - **Storage** - Floridern Starch - **Similer to Amylopectin Glycogen** - **2(1-6)** - **2(1-4)** - **Reproduction** - Non-motile - **Aplanospere** - **Sexual reproduction** - Oogamoun ### Green Algae - **Flagella** - motile - **Bacteria** - Some - Flagella - **Eukaryote** - Flagelle 1 + 9(2) - **Algae** - Single cell organism X - **Zoopsper** - **Gameter** ### Brown Algae - **Flagella** - motile - **Bacteria** - Some - Flagella - **Eukaryote** - Flagelle 1 + 9(2) - **Algae** - Single cell organism X - **Zoopsper** - **Gameter** ### Red Algae - **Flagella** - motile - **Bacteria** - Some - Flagella - **Eukaryote** - Flagelle 1 + 9(2) - **Algae** - Single cell organism X - **Zoopsper** - **Gameter** ### Life cycle - Mitosis -> Gametophyte (n) -> Fertilization -> Zygote (2n) -> Normally mitosis -> Sporophyte (2n) -> Meiosis -> Spore (n) - Gamete (n) -> Zygote( 2n) -> Very less time -> Reduced in no. of call - Keep - Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia - Fucus - Diplontic ### Carbon Dioxide is the major limiting factor for photosynthesis. - The concentration of CO2 is very low in the atmosphere (between 0.03 and 0.04 per cent). - Increase in concentration upto 0.05 per cent can cause an increase in fixation rates, beyond this the leves can become damaging over longer periods. - The C3 and C4 plants respond differently to CO2 concentrations. - At low light conditions neither group responds to high CO2 conditions, while at high light intensities, both C3 and C4 plants show increase in the rates of photosynthesis. - What is important to note is that the C3 plants show saturation at about 360 µll while C4 responds to increased CO2 concentration and saturation is seen only beyond 450 µlL. Thus, current availability of CO2 levels is limiting to the C3 plants. - The fact that C4 plants respond to higher CO2 concentration by showing increased rates of photosynthesis leading to higher productivity has been used for green house crops such as tomatoes and bell pepper. They are allowed to grow in carbon dioxide enriched atmosphere. ### THANK YOU बच्चों