Sterilization and Disinfection 2024 PDF

Sterilization and Disinfection Dr. Fahad Alhadian RESY 311 2024  Objectives Describe how to select and apply chemical and physical disinfectants for processing respiratory care equipment Describe equipment-handling procedures that help prevent the...

Sterilization and Disinfection Dr. Fahad Alhadian RESY 311 2024  Objectives Describe how to select and apply chemical and physical disinfectants for processing respiratory care equipment Describe equipment-handling procedures that help prevent the spread of pathogens. State when and how to use general barrier measures during patient care. Describe surveillance with regard to infection control Describe the specifications of the following methods of equipment processing: steam autoclave dry heat ionizing radiation ethylene oxide glutaraldehyde pasteurization alcohol phenols Correlate the appropriate disinfecting or sterilization method to designated respiratory care equipment.  Introduction Cleaning: A process that removes foreign material (dirt, organic matter). Must precede disinfection and sterilization. Usually done with soap and water or detergent. Decontamination: Any procedure that reduces pathogenic microbes to a level where items are safe for handling and disposal. Disinfection: The process of destroying vegetative pathogenic organisms  Introduction Sterile: Lack of any life or living organism. Vegetative organisms: Growing microorganisms. Pathogenic organisms: Diseases producing. Contaminated: The introduction of diseases causing microorganisms.  All equipment should be disassembled and rinsed to remove organic soil prior to the disinfection processes Methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Physical Chemical Physical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection 1. Steam under pressure 2. Pasteurization 3. Incineration 4. Irradiation Physical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Steam under pressure (steam autoclave) Conditions of sterilization: 121 ˚C at 15 psi for 15 minutes This method can not be used for plastic or other heat sensitive items Items must be wrapped in penetrable packaging All air must be evacuated and steam must be allowed to penetrate all parts of the load Heat sensitive tapes and/ or biological indicators are used to assure that the conditions of sterilization have been met Physical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Steam Autoclave Physical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Pasteurization Disinfection process using moderate temperature to kill vegetative organisms Items are first washed then completely submersed in a hot water bathe at 63- 70 ˚C for 30 minutes Items must be completely dried, assembled and packaged Physical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Pasteurization Physical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Incineration The best method of treating contaminated disposable items and supplies Physical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Irradiation Gamma and X rays are used to sterilize pre-packaged equipment. Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection 1. Ethylene Oxide (ETO) 2. Alkaline glutaraldehyde (Cidex) 3. Acid glutaraldehyde (Sonacide) 4. Alcohol 5. Soaps and detergents Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Ethylene Oxide (ETO) Sterilizes equipment by alkylation of enzymes. Factors infusing the ETO process Temperature of the chamber Concentration of ETO: 800- 1000 mg/L 50% relative humidity enhances the effectiveness of ETO Exposure time Aeration time Biological indicators (attest) are necessary to verify that the conditions for sterility have been met Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Ethylene Oxide (ETO) Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Alkaline glutaraldehyde (Cidex) The pH of Cidex is 7.5- 8.5 Cidex is: – Bactericidal in 10 minutes – Tuberculocidal in 10- 20 minutes – Sporicidal in 10 hours (to sterilize) Equipment must be rinsed , dried and packaged after each soaking Cidex remains fully potent for 14 days Appropriate method for reusable plastic ( mouthpiece, tubing, aerosols, etc.) Appropriate method for flexible bronchoscope Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Alkaline glutaraldehyde (Cidex) Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Acid glutaraldehyde (Sonacide) Sonacide’s pH is 2.5- 3.5 Sonacide is: – Bactericidal in 10 minutes – Tuberculocidal in 20 minutes – Sporicidal in 1 houre Equipment must be rinsed , dried and packaged after exposure to Sonacide Sonacide remains fully potent for 28 days Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Alcohol Ethyl and isopropyl alcohol are most effective in 70- 90 solutions Alcohol is not sporicidal although it is bactericidal and fungicidal Chemical methods of Sterilization and Disinfection Soaps and detergents Agents are surfactants, which will reduce surface tension Questions?