3_CP169_Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analysis (1).docx

**OUTLINE** [[DEFINITION OF TERMS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY]](#definition-of-terms-in-analytical-chemistry) [[CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYSIS]](#classification-of-analysis) [[COMPONENTS OF ANALYTICAL METHOD]](#components-of-analytical-method) [[INTRODUCTION TO CALIBRATION METHODS]](#introduction-to-cal...

**OUTLINE** [[DEFINITION OF TERMS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY]](#definition-of-terms-in-analytical-chemistry) [[CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYSIS]](#classification-of-analysis) [[COMPONENTS OF ANALYTICAL METHOD]](#components-of-analytical-method) [[INTRODUCTION TO CALIBRATION METHODS]](#introduction-to-calibration-methods) [[FIGURES OF MERIT]](#figures-of-merit) [[INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS)]](#introduction-to-pharmaceutical-analysis-validation-of-analytical-methods) [[INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY)]](#introduction-to-pharmaceutical-analysis-clinical-perspective-in-analytical-chemistry) **NOTE** **This font color is for PPT content and figure/table descriptions.** ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- **This font color is for extra information from the professor.** DEFINITION OF TERMS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY =========================================== ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY -------------------- - ANALYTE ------- - - - ASSAY ----- - INTERFERENCE ------------ - SAMPLE MATRIX ------------- - BLANK ----- - - CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYSIS ========================== CLASSICAL METHOD ---------------- - *Figure 1. Illustration of the classical method* INSTRUMENTAL METHOD ------------------- - COMPONENTS OF ANALYTICAL METHOD ===============================  *Fig 2. Monograph for Assay of Ascorbic Acid tablets* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SELECTION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD ------------------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - INTRODUCTION TO CALIBRATION METHODS =================================== INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION ---------------------- - - - - - *Figure 3. Tools used for calibration* - ### EXTERNAL STANDARD METHOD - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - *Figure 4. 5 Standard Solution of Increasing Concentration* - - - - - - -  *Fig 6. Sample Calibration Curve for Standard Solutions of External Standard Method* - - - ### INTERNAL STANDARD METHOD *Figure 7. Internal Standard Method* - - - - - -  *Fig 8. Formula for response factor, F.* *Fig 9. Response of the sample in HPLC* - - - -  *Figure 10. Example of calibration curve for internal standard method* ### STANDARD ADDITION - - - - - - - - *Figure 11 Steps in Spiking for Multiple Standard Method* -  *Figure 12/ Calibration Curve for Spiking method* - Formula: Where: S~1~ = instrument response k = proportionality constant V~s~ = volume of standard added C~s~ = concentration of standard solution Vx = sample aliquot C~x~ = concentration of the sample V~t~ = total volume of diluted solution (V~s~)~0~ = volume of standard at zero signal - - - - - - *Figure 13. Steps in Spiking for Single Standard Method* -  Where: S~1~ = instrument response of sample only S~2~ = instrument response of sample + standard V~s~ = volume of standard added C~s~ = concentration of standard solution V~x~ = volume of aliquot C~x~ = concentration of the sample FIGURES OF MERIT ================ - - - - - - - - - - - - ACCURACY -------- *Figure 14. Dartboard for Accuracy* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PRECISION ---------  *Fig 15. Dartboard for Precision* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SPECIFICITY ----------- -  *Figure 17. Chromatogram showing the peak height of substances* - - - - - SELECTIVITY ----------- - - - SENSITIVITY ----------- - - - - - - - -  *Figure 18. Calibration curve for Quercetin Standard Solutions* - - - - LIMIT OF DETECTION (LOD) ------------------------ - *Figure 19. An example showing LOD (Highest Peak)* - -  *Figure 20. Solving a random drug for Sample* CONCENTRATION RANGE AND LINEARITY --------------------------------- - - - - *Figure 21. Illustration of a curve that measures linearity and range* - - - - - - - - - - - VALIDATION ---------- - - - INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS) ========================================================================== PARAMETERS ----------  *Figure 22. Parameters to consider in conducting pharmaceutical analysis* - - - - - - - - - *Figure 23. Acceptance criteria to determine test passability* - INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS (CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) ====================================================================================== - - - APPLICATION IN TDM ------------------ - - - - - - - -  *Figure 24. Process for reaching dosage decisions with TDM (Kang and Lee, 2009)* **[REFERENCES:]** Collins Dictionary. (2010). Analytical chemistry definition and meaning. Retrieved from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/analytical-chemistry BYJU\'S. (n.d.). Analytical chemistry - Description, methods, techniques. Retrieved from https://byjus.com/chemistry/analytical-chemistry/ American Chemical Society. (n.d.). Analytical Chemistry. Retrieved from https://www.acs.org/careers/chemical-sciences/areas/analytical-chemistry.html LibreTexts. (2021). The Vocabulary of Analytical Chemistry. Retrieved from https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical\_Chemistry/Analytical\_Chemistry\_2.1\_(Harvey)/03:\_The\_Vocabulary\_of\_Analytical\_Chemistry Eurachem. (2011). Terminology in Analytical Measurement. Retrieved from https://www.eurachem.org/images/stories/Guides/pdf/TAM\_2011\_Final\_web.pdf