Pneumonia PDF
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Uploaded by UncomplicatedConnemara657
University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus
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Summary
This document provides an overview of pneumonia, including its definition and classifications. It covers the anatomical and histological aspects, etiology, and the various factors related to infection acquisition, such as community and hospital-acquired pneumonia. The etiological factors like bacterial, viral, fungal, and atypical microorganisms are also detailed. The document goes into further detail by providing symptoms, diagnoses, considerations, and treatment options.
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Pneumonia Definition Pneumonia is an infection that affects one or both lungs. It causes the air sacs, or alveoli, of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus. ‘Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary...
Pneumonia Definition Pneumonia is an infection that affects one or both lungs. It causes the air sacs, or alveoli, of the lungs to fill up with fluid or pus. ‘Pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma’ Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 21e. From: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pneumonia Classifications Anatomy/Histology Etiology Where the infections was acquired Severity Anatomy/Histology: Lobar: A single lobe. Bronchopneumonia (Lobular): Patchy areas, multiple lobes and iummatinofbonchi. n bronchioles. Interstitial (Atypical): It affects the interstitium. Etiology Bacterial Viral Fungal Atypical Parasitic Aspiration Where the infection was acquired: Community-acquired pneumonia: signs/symptoms develop prior to or within 48 hours of admission. Hospital-acquired pneumonia: signs/symptoms develop after 48 hours of admission. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: signs/symptoms develop within 48 hours of intubation through 48 hours after extubation. removed Édotrachealtube Aspiration pneumonia infection fromFoodthat wento lungsthat to esophagus CAP Leading cause of death in infectious diseases. Only 38% of patients are reported back with the pathogens. Risk factors: Smoking Alcohol consumption Household size Comorbidities Age (cough and gag reflex?) CAP - Etiology 10-15% of CAP cases are polymicrobial. Typical bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae S pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae H influenza Staphylococcus aureus S aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae K pneumonia Pseudomona aeruginosa P aeruginese Atypical microorganism: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae Legionella species Respiratory viruses (influenza A and B, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], parainfluenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2], and adenovirus). S. aureus pneumonia is known to complicate influenza virus infection. Despite a careful history, physical examination, and radiographic studies isolating the microbes causing the syndrome is very difficult, and in > 50% cases a specific etiology is not determined. i CAP - Pathogenesis Innate immune system (
