Blood Donation (HLBB-401) - Applied Health Sciences Technology

Applied Health Sciences Technology Blood Banking (HLBB-401) Blood Donation By Dr. Hadeel Said Tawfik  ILOS Define blood transfusion,blood bank and blood donor Mention the criteria for blood donation Describe...

Applied Health Sciences Technology Blood Banking (HLBB-401) Blood Donation By Dr. Hadeel Said Tawfik  ILOS Define blood transfusion,blood bank and blood donor Mention the criteria for blood donation Describe the registration form List the conditions for donor deferral List the conditions for donor rejection Describe the physical examination for blood donor Mention the screening tests for blood donor Mention the pre and after donation care  Introduction Blood transfusion: - Is the transfer of blood or blood products from one person (donor) into another person's blood stream (recipient). - This is usually done as a life saving maneuver. Blood bank: Blood banks collect, test, and store blood. Blood donor: a person who gives blood for transfusion  AABB (American Association of Blood Banks) Formation 1947  Donor Selection Criteria Donor selection determines the eligibility of a donor to donate blood. Protect the donor: Ensures that it is safe for the donor to donate Protect the recipient Ensures that any risk of transfusion transmitted Infection or other adverse effect is minimized.  Types of blood donors I - Allogeneic Donors: is when a donor and a recipient are not the same person (in contrast to autologous transfusion, where donor and recipient are the same person). II- Autologous Donors: Is an individual who donates his blood for his own use , prior to an elective surgery. Is usually considered better & safer than allogeneic blood transfusion.  I - Allogeneic Donors: 1- Voluntary Donors: Donate Blood on their own. 2- Replacement Donors : The donor who donates blood as a replacement for some of his relative or friend. 3- Directed donors : Donates his blood for transfusion to a particular patient and the donor blood group must be compatible.  Registration of donor This is mandatory for the blood banks to keep complete record of the blood donor, so the donor could be traced, in case he belongs to a rare blood group or for medicolegal purposes.  Registration of donor Date of donation Full Name of donor Age Sex Occupation Address with phone numbers Date of last donation Previous donor reactions, if any Blood group Registration number  Health History Questionnaire Complete and extensive medical examination cannot be performed on every volunteer. Much reliance is therefore placed on answers to questions about his general health, medical history, and drugs being taken.  Health History Questionnaire The standard medical information questionnaire should be signed by the donor & reviewed before donation. This questionnaire can give information, which make quick assessment whether to accept, Temporary defer or permanently reject the donor. Conditions for donor rejection  Physical Examination General appearance of donor: Donor should be fit and healthy. Age: Between 18-60 years old Depends on the national standards Weight: more than 50 kg Blood pressure o Diastolic 60-90 mm Hg o Systolic 110-160 mm Hg Pulse: 60-100 beats per minute. Temperature: Maximum 37.5 0C Haemoglobin Male 13-18 gm/dL Female 12-16 gm/dL Arm inspection: No lesion, no needle puncture or marks,no sclerotic veins,no severe skin infection.  Systemic examination The clinical examination should reveal a normal respiratory, and cardiovascular systems and normally functioning kidneys.  Consent of donor before donation , The donor must sign a written consent to allow his blood to be collected & used.  Screening of donor blood Blood grouping Tests for agents of transfusion transmitted diseases (TTD): The greatest concern for any blood bank is transfusion transmitted diseases. The mandatory tests are (TTDs): HBsAg for Hepatitis B Anti HCV for Hepatitis C Antibodies to HIV1and 2 for AIDS Tests for syphilis Peripheral blood examination for malarial parasite. After Donation  Frequency of donation The frequency of donation is normally two or three times a year or at an interval of at least 3 months between two donations, the time by which the iron stores of the body are replenished.  Complications of blood donation (donor reactions) A few may develop donor reactions, which can be mild, moderate or severe. But, all types of reactions are manageable. The commonest reaction is vasovagal syndrome, resulting in syncope. The features are: Excessive sweating Weakness Dizziness Cold skin Low volume pulse and low BP Fainting. The other common adverse reactions are: Nausea and vomiting Convulsions Haematoma.  Management of donor reactions The adverse reactions are to be managed on the following lines: Stop the bleeding process at the first sign of reaction. withdraw the needle. Raise the foot end above the level of head. If the donor vomits, provide him towel or a pan. Tilt his head to a side to avoid aspiration of vomits. In case a haematoma develops at the site of venepuncture, Application of ice for few minutes also helps References