Engine System Problems: Air, Exhaust, Fuel, Cooling, and Lubrication System PDF

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 ENGINE SYSTEM PROBLEMS: Air and Exhaust, Fuel, Cooling, and Lubrication System  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKI...

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 ENGINE SYSTEM PROBLEMS: Air and Exhaust, Fuel, Cooling, and Lubrication System  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 OBJECTIVES: At the end of this session the learners will be able to: Familiarize Engine System Problems Differentiate the Types of Problems on an Engine System Appreciate the importance of Assessing Engine System Problems  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 What is Engine System Problems? An "engine system problem" generally refers to an issue in the engine or related systems that impacts the engine’s performance, efficiency, or operation. In modern vehicles, this can be flagged by the onboard diagnostics system, often triggering a "Check Engine" light or warning message on the dashboard.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Air and Exhaust System are essential components of an internal combustion engine. The AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM controls the intake of air into the engine, critical for the combustion process. While the EXHAUST SYSTEM, The exhaust system expels combustion gases, ensuring the engine can operate efficiently and meet emissions standards. These systems WORK TOGETHER TO ENSURE THE ENGINE OPERATES EFFICIENTLY, meets emission standards, and provides the desired power output and fuel economy.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Air Intake Air induction is the process of bringing air into an internal combustion engine for combustion or cooling. Common Problems we may Encounter: Clogged or Dirty Air Filter Faulty Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor Faulty Intake Manifold Gaskets Idle Air Control Valve (IAC) Problems Vacuum Leaks  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Exhaust System The exhaust system collects the exhaust gases from the cylinders, removes harmful substances, reduces the level of noise and discharges the purified exhaust gases at a suitable point of the vehicle away from its occupants. The exhaust system can consist of one or two channels depending on the engine.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Common Problems we may Encounter: Clogged Catalytic Converter Exhaust Leaks Damaged Exhaust Manifold: Malfunctioning EGR Valve Rust and Corrosion: Damaged Muffler or Resonator  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Fuel System The fuel system in an engine is responsible for storing, filtering, and delivering fuel to the engine for combustion. Its primary role is to ensure that the right amount of fuel is supplied to the engine under various operating conditions, such as acceleration, idling, and cruising, to achieve efficient performance, fuel economy, and low emissions.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Fuel filter A clogged fuel filter can restrict fuel flow and cause poor performance. It may need to be changed. A dirty or clogged fuel filter can cause a variety of problems, including: Engine stalling Engine misfiring Hard to start Loud noises from the fuel pump Decreased fuel economy  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Fuel pump A faulty fuel pump can cause insufficient fuel delivery and engine stalling. Symptoms include misfires, loss of power, and clicking or whining sounds when idle. Fuel injectors Dirty or clogged fuel injectors can result in uneven fuel spray and rough engine performance. Symptoms include difficulty starting the vehicle, and an increase in the amount of fuel being used.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Fuel lines Leaking fuel lines can cause fuel loss and potential fire hazards. Fuel pressure regulator A malfunctioning fuel pressure regulator can lead to inconsistent fuel pressure and engine performance issues.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Cooling System The engine cooling system is essential for regulating engine temperature and preventing overheating. Problems in the cooling system can cause overheating, reduced performance, and potential engine damage  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Coolant Leaks Coolant leaks can occur due to worn-out hoses, loose clamps, or damaged gaskets. This reduces the amount of coolant in the system, which can lead to engine overheating. Cause: Worn-out hoses, loose clamps, a cracked radiator, or damaged gaskets. Symptoms: Visible coolant puddles under the vehicle, low coolant levels, or a sweet smell (from leaking antifreeze). Effect: Loss of coolant can lead to overheating, as the cooling system won’t have enough fluid to regulate temperature.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Faulty Thermostat Insufficient coolant reduces the system's ability to regulate engine temperature. This leads to overheating, which can cause engine damage if unaddressed. Cause: Leak, evaporation, or infrequent coolant top-ups. Symptoms: Overheating, low reading on the coolant reservoir, or heater issues. Effect: Without sufficient coolant, the engine can quickly overheat, leading to severe engine damage.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Radiator Problems Clogged or corroded radiators can block coolant flow and reduce heat dissipation. This causes the engine to overheat as it can’t cool down properly. Cause: Clogging from debris, mineral buildup, or corrosion. Symptoms: Overheating, coolant leaks, or an unusually high-temperature gauge reading. Effect: A clogged radiator reduces coolant flow and heat dissipation, leading to engine overheating.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Low Coolant Level Clogged or corroded radiators can block coolant flow and reduce heat dissipation. This causes the engine to overheat as it can’t cool down properly. Cause: Leak, evaporation, or infrequent coolant top-ups. Symptoms: Overheating, low reading on the coolant reservoir, or heater issues. Effect: Without sufficient coolant, the engine can quickly overheat, leading to severe engine damage.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Water Pump Failure The water pump moves coolant through the engine, and failure prevents circulation. Without it, the engine overheats as coolant can’t reach critical areas. Cause: Leak, evaporation, or infrequent coolant top-ups. Symptoms: Overheating, low reading on the coolant reservoir, or heater issues. Effect: Without sufficient coolant, the engine can quickly overheat, leading to severe engine damage.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Lubrication System The engine lubrication system plays a crucial role in reducing friction, cooling engine components, and preventing wear. Problems in the lubrication system can lead to severe engine damage if not addressed promptly.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Low Oil Level A low oil level is often due to leaks or excessive oil consumption. Insufficient oil can cause increased friction and overheating, leading to potential engine damage. Cause: Often due to oil leaks, burning oil, or infrequent oil changes. Symptoms: Low oil pressure warning light, increased engine noise, and overheating. Effect: Insufficient oil leads to increased friction, heat, and wear on engine components, potentially causing severe engine damage.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Oil Leaks Oil leaks are commonly caused by worn gaskets, seals, or a damaged oil pan. Leaks lower the oil level, reducing lubrication and risking engine overheating. Cause: Worn-out gaskets, seals, or damaged oil pan; also caused by over-tightened or loose drain plugs. Symptoms: Oil puddles under the vehicle, a burning smell, or oil spots on engine components. Effect: Continuous oil loss leads to low oil levels and reduced lubrication, increasing the risk of engine overheating and damage  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Clogged Oil Filter A dirty oil filter restricts oil flow, allowing contaminants to circulate in the engine. This can increase wear on engine components and reduce overall performance Cause: Accumulation of dirt, debris, and sludge in the oil filter over time. Symptoms: Drop in oil pressure, rough idling, or “Check Engine” light. Effect: Reduced oil flow can cause contaminants to circulate through the engine, leading to accelerated wear of internal components.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Faulty Oil Pump A malfunctioning oil pump fails to circulate oil properly through the engine. This causes inadequate lubrication, leading to accelerated wear and potential engine damage. Cause: Wear and tear, contamination, or manufacturing defects. Symptoms: Low oil pressure warning light, noise from the valve train or timing chain area. Effect: The oil pump fails to circulate oil properly, leading to inadequate lubrication and potentially catastrophic engine damage if not addressed.  REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES MARIKINA POLYTECHNIC COLLAGE 2 CHANYUNGCO STA. ELENA MARIKINA CITY 1800 Incorrect Oil Type or Grade Using the wrong oil type or grade affects lubrication and can reduce engine efficiency. Incorrect oil can also lead to excessive wear and potential engine damage. Cause: Using oil that doesn’t meet the engine’s specifications. Symptoms: Reduced performance, overheating, or unusual engine noises. Effect: Incorrect oil can lead to inadequate lubrication, increased wear, and, in severe cases, engine seizure. "The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams." — Eleanor Roosevelt WELCOME CLASS INTRODUCTION TO DRIVE TRAIN The drive train of a vehicle transfers power from the engine to the wheels, with the clutch being a key component that enables smooth engagement and disengagement between the engine and transmission. WHAT IS CLUTCH? A clutch is a part in vehicles that connects and disconnects the engine from the transmission, allowing drivers to change gears smoothly. When the clutch pedal is pressed, it disengages the engine, making it easy to shift gears. Releasing the pedal re-engages the engine, sending power to the wheels for driving. COMPONENTS OF THE CLUTCH SYSTEM The clutch system consists of several key components, each playing a crucial role: CLUTCH DISC COMPONENTS OF THE CLUTCH SYSTEM The clutch system consists of several key components, each playing a crucial role: PRESSURE PLATE COMPONENTS OF THE CLUTCH SYSTEM The clutch system consists of several key components, each playing a crucial role: FLYWHEEL COMPONENTS OF THE CLUTCH SYSTEM The clutch system consists of several key components, each playing a crucial role: THROW OUT BEARING (RELEASE BEARING) COMPONENTS OF THE CLUTCH SYSTEM The clutch system consists of several key components, each playing a crucial role: CLUTCH PEDAL WHAT IS TORQUE CONVERTER? torque converter is a type of fluid coupling used in automatic transmissions to transfer power from the engine to the transmission. COMPONENTS OF THE TORQUE CONVERTER The torque converter consists of several key components, each playing a crucial role: - PUMP (IMPELLER) -TURBINE -STATOR -LOCK UP CLUTCH PARTS OF MANUAL TRANSMISSION - Clutch -OUTPUT SHAFT - Flywheel - Counter gears - GearSynchronizers - Shift forks - Bearings - Shift shafts - Input Shafts INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION An automatic transmission is a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. An automatic transmission uses sensors that allow it to shift gears at the appropriat MAJOR PARTS OF THE AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION A clutch is a mechanical device that allows an output shaft to be disconnected from a rotating input shaft. The clutch's input shaft is typically attached to a motor, while the clutch's output shaft is connected to the mechanism that does the work. Torque converter clutch (TCC) is a component in vehicles and industrial machinery that improves efficiency and reliability: Function: A TCC increases torque output from the engine and powers the rear wheels. It also reduces heat and improves fuel efficiency. Planetary gears are used as speed reducers. They are used to slow down motors and increase the torque. Torque is the working power of the machine. An oil pump is placed inside the transmission to drive the engine to rotate. As an automobile component, an oil pump pressurizes automatic transmission fluid (ATF) to supply oil to the hydraulic actuator and torque converter and to lubricate other components. Underchassis Problems Group 3 Underchassis Problems Understanding Common Issues in the Steering, Suspension, and Brake Systems  Introduction to Underchassis Systems The underchassis includes These systems work components beneath a together to ensure a vehicle that support smooth and safe driving driving control, stability, experience.. and braking.  Steering System Problems Allows the driver to control the vehicle’s direction. Common Problems: Steering Wheel Play Loose steering due to worn-out joints or bearings. Power Steering Fluid Leaks Vibrations:Steering Leaks can reduce fluid vibrations, often caused by levels, making steering misaligned wheels or difficult. damaged tires.  Noisy Steering Screeching or whining noises, possibly due to low power steering fluid or damaged components.  Suspension System Problems Keeps the vehicle stable and comfortable by absorbing road shocks. Common Problems: Worn Shock Absorbers/Struts Reduced ability to absorb shocks, causing a bouncy or uncomfortable ride.  Uneven Tire Wear Often due to misalignment or worn suspension components. Leaking Suspension Fluid Common in hydraulic systems; causes decreased shock absorption  Sagging or Tilting Vehicle Could indicate worn springs, affecting ride height and balance.  Brake System Problems Essential for stopping and slowing down the vehicle. Common Problems: Brake Fade Reduced braking power due to overheating or fluid issues. Squealing or Grinding Noises Often caused by worn brake pads or rotors. Soft Brake Pedal Could indicate air in the brake lines or low brake fluid.  Uneven Braking Caused by misaligned or damaged brakes, leading to instability when braking. Preventative Maintenance Tips Regular Inspections Check steering, suspension, and brakes periodically. Monitor Fluid Levels Ensure power steering and brake fluids are topped up. Address Noises and Vibrations Early Unusual sounds or vibrations should be diagnosed by a professional.  Conclusion Key Points Importance of the steering, suspension, and brake systems; common issues in each area; and the need for timely diagnosis and maintenance. Emphasize the role of a well-maintained underchassis in ensuring vehicle safety. THANK YOU!