2Q - English Past Paper PDF

I. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SPOKEN TEXTS Spoken Language - produced by articulate sounds or manual gestures as opposed to written language Ex. Oral stories Monologues Interview Phone Conversations Criteria in evaluating spoken texts: - Fluency - Cohesion - Correctness - Tone A. Flu...

I. CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING SPOKEN TEXTS Spoken Language - produced by articulate sounds or manual gestures as opposed to written language Ex. Oral stories Monologues Interview Phone Conversations Criteria in evaluating spoken texts: - Fluency - Cohesion - Correctness - Tone A. Fluency DEFINITIONS – the smoothness and oral continuity – the speaker should be natural and spontaneous INDICATORS – How comfortable is the speaker when he/she speaks? – How easily do the words come out? – Are there great pauses and gaps in the speaker’s manner of speaking? B. Tone DEFINITIONS – the attitude of the speaker when tackling a certain topic – describes voice pitch Intonation - The rising and falling when speaking -How we say things rather than what we say Pitch - Voice quality C. Cohesion – Ideas sticking together  Use of Cohesive devices(Like Furthermore, In addition, For example etc) D. Correctness – Free from error/ accurate – Evaluates the facts and the grammar II. INTERPERSONAL CONFLICTS Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces Interpersonal conflict - from others, with others(man vs man) Three Literatures with Interpersonal conflicts: Frozen Desiderata The Just Judge FROZEN 1. Reason for conflict? - They are not the same in personalities and abilities(Anna being powerless and Elsa having the power of snow) 2. Who wanted to resolve the conflict? - Anna 3. Which of the characters had the best approach? - Both characters had the best approach DESIDERATA - By Max Ehrmman - Written in 1927 - Latin word Desiderata mean things desired/needed - It’s nature is a didactic poem - Contains 28 lines, 6 paragraphs DIDACTIC POEM - Is a prose poem, intends to teach or preach values or morals - Has three criteria to be considered a didactic poem Contains paragraphs Contains imagery(use of vivid words to appeal to human senses) Rhythm is conversational THE JUST JUDGE By Leo Tolstoy(Russian Writer and Moral Philosopher) Conflicts in the story: 1st Conflict: King Bauakas and the Cripple The Conflict: Horse Ownership(In the story, when King Bauakas helped the Cripple by letting the Cripple join him in riding his horse to the town square. When they reached the town square, the Cripple declared that he owned the horse, causing an argument leading the people to advise them to see the Just Judge) Resolution of Conflict: The horse identifying who the owner is(The Judge had asked both the King and the Cripple to identify which is their horse among twenty other horses. Although what the judge had in mind is that the horse should identify who the owner is. The Judge analyzed how the horse acted with the King and the Cripple and concluded that the horse belonged to the king) 2nd Conflict: The Scholar and the Peasant The Conflict: Who is the real husband of the woman(In the story, they were arguing over who the real husband of the wife is as both claimed that they are the real husband of the wife.) Resolution of Conflict: having the wife fill his inkwell (The Judge advised to leave the woman with him and he asked the woman to fill his inkwell.) 3rd Conflict: The butcher and the oil merchant The Conflict: Stolen money (When butcher pulled cash out the oil merchant attempted to steal) Resolution of Conflict: Submerging stolen money in water to see if oil would rise to the surface III. APA CITATION AND REFERENCING APA - American Psychological Association(7th edition) Styles: APA - used in education, psychology, and sciences MLA - used by HUMMS Chicago/Turabian - Business, History, and the fine arts & - ampersand In-text citation - acknowledgement of sources(owner of ideas)  Two types of in-text citation: Narrative Parenthetical Narrative - The year of publication and pages are endorsed in the parentheses - The author’s last name is integrated directly into the text - usually found in the beginning of the text -Author last name and year of publication in parentheses are next to each other Ex. Oswal (2015) recommends building access into online course design at the beginning of the process.(p.189) Parenthetical - All elements are found in the parentheses - Found at the end of the text Ex. One major detail highlighted in an APA citation is the date a source was published (Levernez, 1998, p.189). RULES: One author: Parenthetical: True love waits(Cabuagas, 2024 ,p. 23). Narrative: Cabuguas(2024) argued that true love waits(p. 34). Two Authors: -arrange in alphabetical order -When parenthetical, use ampersand(&), when narrative use ‘and’ Parenthetical: True Love waits(Amparado & Cabuguas, 2024, p. 3). Narrative: Amparado and Cabuguas(2024) argued that true love waits(p. 3). Three authors: - Use et al. - Use the first author name only then et al. Parenthetical: (Amparado et al., 2024, p. 5). Narrative: Amparado et al.(2024) said that…(p. 5). Group Author with abbreviation: - In the first recitation, spell out the full abbreviation and add abbreviated -However, the rest of the citation, you should just use the abbreviation Parenthetical: First Citation: (LA SALLE UNIVERSITY [LSU], 2024). Subsequent Citation: (LSU, 2024). Narrative: First Citation: La Salle University(LSU, 2024) said that…(p. 3). Subsequent Citation: (LSU, 2024) said…(p. 3). Group Author with abbreviation: Parenthetical: (Apple, 2024, p.7). Narrative: Apple(2024) argued….(p.7). Unknown/anonymous author: Parenthetical: (“Confirmation Bias”, 2024, p. 5). Narrative: “Confirmation Bias” (2024) said… (p. 5). No date source: Parenthetical: (Densing, n.d.). Narrative: Densing(n.d.) elaborated… Multiple Works: - TBC IV. ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY - is an essay in which we agree or disagree using facts or evidence, picking a position on an issue. Introduction, Body, Conclusion Features 1. Introduction Hook - grabs readers’ attention Background - provides context Thesis Statement - stand of the writer 2. Body Claim - supports thesis/ ideas that support thesis statement Evidence - backbone of the essay Opposition - negating claim 3. Conclusion - Restating the thesis statement and writing the strongest argument in different words, and convincing why your argument should be accepted. V. PHOTO ESSAY - an essay that tells a story and evokes emotion from the viewers through a series of photographs 2 types of photo essay: Narrative - tells a story in sequence or in order Thematic - focuses on themes Point of view in photography: 1. Bull’s eye view - eye level, strong connection 2. Bird’s eye view - superior or above the subject(viewers’ incoming) 3. Worm’s eye view - inferior or below the subject(subject in control) Captioning Catchline - short and striking statement, explain photo significance of the photo Caption - words that go with the image to explain what's happening in the photo Elements of a photo essay 1. The story - can stand alone without being written 2. The range - includes variety of angles 3. The order - effectively tells a story in an interesting and logical sequence 4. Information and Emotion - incorporating both is the most effective in conveying intended messages 5. Caption - are the best opportunity to describe what is happening in words and ensure the viewers understand