2OTH CENTURY.pdf
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ARCHITECTURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY The twentieth century architecture was also called Modern architecture , emerged in the early twentieth century by 1800s with the evolution from classicism to modernism in 1900s and began the modernization of society afterwards. THE USE OF IRON AND G...
ARCHITECTURE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY The twentieth century architecture was also called Modern architecture , emerged in the early twentieth century by 1800s with the evolution from classicism to modernism in 1900s and began the modernization of society afterwards. THE USE OF IRON AND GLASS: Influence of industry New materials developed or improved during the industrial revolution permitted greater flexibility and experimentation in design, as well as larger scale since iron could be used to span far larger spaces than was possible in stone or wood construction. These materials were used during the late eighteenth century up to nineteenth and now in twenteith century. STYLES: Art Nouveau - in France (Late 19th Century – Early 20th Century) incorporates Organic and Natural Forms into the decoration. Louis Sullivan, Carson, Pirie, Scott Building (Chicago), 1899-1904 Antonio Gaudi, Casa Mila (Barcelona, Spain), 1907 a design inspired by the discovery of the ALTAMIRA CAVES in Spain De Stijl (The Style) - Began in 1917 by a group of artists in Holland. Often forms in Geometric shapes / simplifies the “Purity” and Simplicity of the structure. Garrit Rietveld, Schroder House (Utrecht, Holland) 1924 Art deco - Movement in 1920’s and 1930’s associated with “the Jazz Age. Began in France, but spread to other parts of Europe, USA, and around the world. - Industrial Design Combined with Fine Art Elements William van Alen (American), The Chrysler Building (New York), 1928 - 1930 Built for Car Manufactuer, Chrysler Automotive Company Prairie Style - American Midwest Architect Frank Lloyd Wright invented the Prairie Style in early 20th Century. - Natural Materials / Natural Environment Frank Lloyd Wright, Falling (Pennsylvania, USA) 1935 - 1937 water “harmony with nature”. Built over a waterfall. Natural materials Walter Gropius, the Bauhaus (Dessau, Germany), 1925 1926 In 1919, Gropius, German architect, was appointed director of The Bauhaus Gropius focused on Formal Elements (shape, color, line, etc.) The Bauhaus greatly influenced modern design Organic Forms vs. Geometric Forms It shows Simplicity The use of New Industrial Materials (CONCRETE, Metal, iron and glass) Concrete Building Shape inspired by the spiral shaped shell of a snail Building slopes down from top to bottom Central atrium with natural light Frank Lloyd Wright, Guggenheim Museum (New York), 1943 1959 Small church chapel which replaced a building destroyed in WWII Shape represents praying hands or wings of a dove (symbol of peace) Le Corbusier, Notre Dame du Haut (Ronchamp, France), 1950 - 1955 Airport Terminal New York in it shows Futuristic design by the use of concrete , glass and iron Scandanavian Modernism Simple curved, organic shapes Eero Saarinen, Terminal at Kennedy Airport (New York), 1952 - 1956 Simple and Pure rectangular shape Mies van der Rohe helped change the look of cities – tall “glass boxes” (design easily imitated) Amber colored windows and bronze Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip colored structure Johnson, Seagram Building (New York), 1956 - 1958 Post-Modern Architecture The Past 20 – 30 Years Complex and Eclectic structures. Post-Modern architecture accepts and embraces the “messy and chaotic” nature of urban life Cultural Center and Museum Building “turned inside out” with the water, electrical, etc. pipes, ducts, and tubes on the outside Richard Rogers (British) and Renzo Piano (Italian), Pompidou Center (Paris), 1977 Art Museum (built for Guggenheim family – same as in New York) Imbalanced and Asymmetrical Forms Sculptural Structure covered Titanium Steel Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum (Bilbao, Spain) 1997 is in Art Museum Organic Sculptural (“bird-like” / like”) / Form “boat- Kenetic Architecture (the roof moves – opening and closing according to the weather conditions) Connects the building on Lake Michigan to the city with a bridge Santiago Calatrava, Milwaukee Art Museum (USA), 2001 -ENDTHANK YOU ☺
