Immunodeficiency PDF

Immunology By Dr/ May El-Antrawy Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency disorders There are two types of They are conditions that immunodeficiency weaken the immune disorders: pri...

Immunology By Dr/ May El-Antrawy Immunodeficiency Immunodeficiency disorders There are two types of They are conditions that immunodeficiency weaken the immune disorders: primary, which system, making it easier for are inherited, and the body to catch viruses secondary, which are and bacterial infections. acquired. Immunodeficiency disorders Symptoms Complications Frequent (Recurrent) or prolonged Autoimmune disorders, damage to the infections. heart, lungs, nervous system, or digestive tract, slowed growth, Inflammation and infection of internal increased risk of cancer, and death organs from serious infection. Types of immunodeficiency disorders Primary immunodeficiency disorders they are most commonly caused by inherited gene mutations. Secondary immunodeficiency disorders can be caused by environmental factors such as chronic conditions, drugs, radiation therapy, long-term hospitalization, and insufficient nutrition.  Examples of immunodeficiency disorders Primary immunodeficiency disorders Secondary immunodeficiency disorders Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), AIDS Severe combined immunodeficiency Cancers of the immune system like (SCID). leukemia Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). 1) Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders 1) Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) It is a genetic condition characterized by low levels of protective antibodies, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections. CVID can lead to frequent infections in the respiratory system, ears, and sinuses, as well as an increased risk of digestive problems and cancer. Treatment involves lifelong management, typically including regular infusions of immunoglobulins to help the body fight infections 2) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) It is a group of rare, life-threatening inherited disorders It is usually diagnosed in infancy. Patients become highly susceptible to severe infections. Treatment often involves stem cell transplantation or gene therapy 3) Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) It is an inherited primary immunodeficiency disorder that affects the ability of white blood cells to kill bacteria and fungi. This leads to the formation of granulomas, which are masses of immune cells that build up and cause damage to organs. Treatment may involve antibiotics, antifungal medications, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. Treatment and management The primary goal is to: Control the disease. Prevent infections. Improve the quality of life for the patient. Treatment Strategies Antimicrobial therapy: It helps to prevent and treat infections. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is often used to reduce the frequency and severity of infections. In some cases, prophylactic antiviral and/or antifungal therapy may be necessary. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy: For patients with immunoglobulin deficiencies, as it aims to replace the missing or dysfunctional antibodies. Gene therapy and transplantation: For severe immunodeficiency disorders. Gene therapy involves modifying the patient's genes to correct the underlying immune defect, while transplantation can involve stem cell or bone marrow transplants to reconstitute the immune system.