Lexington Fire Department Task Training Guide PDF

LEXINGTON FIRE DEPARTMENT Task Training Guide March 2024 Edition  LEXINGTON FIRE DEPARTMENT Task Training Guide Table of Contents Book Title (March 2024) Book 1 Firefighter Orientation...

LEXINGTON FIRE DEPARTMENT Task Training Guide March 2024 Edition  LEXINGTON FIRE DEPARTMENT Task Training Guide Table of Contents Book Title (March 2024) Book 1 Firefighter Orientation Section 1. Customs and Courtesies Book 2 Firefighter Health and Safety Section 1. Hood Swap Program Book 4 Building Construction Section 1. Buildings Construction Types Section 2. Securing Utilities Book 5 Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Section 1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Section 3. Care and Maintenance of PPE Section 4. Inspection of SCBA Book 6 Portable Fire Extinguishers Section 1. Purple-K Dry-Chemical System Book 7 Ropes and Knots Section 1. Basic Fire Department Ropes and Knots Book 8 Rescue and Extrication Section 1. Oriented Search Section 2. Missing Firefighter Search Section 3. Vent Enter and Search Section 4. Search Rope & Rope Assisted Search Section 7. Cable Barrier Extrication Section 8. Vehicle Extrication Book 9 Forcible Entry Section 1. Forcible Entry Book 10 Ground Ladders Section 1. Securing a Ladder Halyard Section 2. Ground Ladder Testing Book 11 Ventilation Section 1. Vertical (Roof) Ventilation Book 12 Water Supply Section 1. Long Relay Pumping Section 2. Static/Natural Water Sources Section 3. Portable Tank Operations Section 4. Water Shuttle Operations Section 9. Fire Pump Testing Table of Contents Page 1  Book 13Fire Hose and Appliances Section 1. Hose Advancement Section 2. 2 ½” Hose Section 3. 2 ½” Double Stack Minute Man Section 4. 1 ¾” Hose Section 6. Flat Load Crosslay Section 9. Fire Service Hose Testing Section 10. 1 ¾” & 2 ½ “Hose Deployment Section 11. Courtyard Stretch Section 12. Floor Below Nozzle Book 15 Fire Control Section 4. Vehicle Fires Section 5. Hybrid and All-Electric Vehicle Fires Book 16 Fire Detection, Alarm, and Suppression Systems Section 3. Clean Agent Extinguishing Systems Section 4. Commercial Sprinkler Systems Section 5. Residential Sprinkler Systems Book 17 Loss Control Section 1. Salvage Operations Section 2. Overhaul Operations Section 3. Insulation Vacuum Book 18 Fire Investigation Section 1. Fire Scene Investigation Book 19 Fire Department Communications Section 1. Initial Fire Scene Size-up and Report Section 2. Talk Group Use/Utilizing Vehicle Repeaters Section 6. Click To Enter Gate Access Section 7. Incident Jumping Procedure Section 8. P25 Radio System Failsoft and Backup Book 20 Public Education and Community Services Section 1. Safe Place Section 2. Fire Victims Assistance Operations Section 3. Pet Oxygen Mask and Restraining Leash Section 4. Smoke Alarm Installation Program Section 5. KY Safe Infants Act Book 22 Emergency Medical Care Section 1. Writing Patient Care Reports Section 2. Surge EC Unit Operation Section 4. Helicopter Utilization Criteria and Landing Zone Operations Book 23 Haz-Mat Operations Section 1. Response to Hazmat Incidents Section 2. Clandestine Laboratories Book 24 RIT Operations Section 1. Rapid Intervention Team Operations Table of Contents Page 2  Section 2. RIT Missing Firefighter Search Book 25 Fire Prevention and Inspection Section 2. Inspector Call Back Section 3. Company Surveys Section 4. Posting Buildings/Prohibiting Entry Section 5. Reporting Parking Violations Section 6. Life Safety Fire Watch Book 28 Training Section 1. Recruit/Probationary Firefighter Examination/Evaluations Book 30 Wildland Operations Section 1. Wildland/Brush Fires Section 2. Brush Truck Operations Book 50 Company Officer Section 1. NFIRS Reporting Section 5. Requesting Travel Authorization Book 55 Command Officer Section 2. Emergency Scene Fire Watch Book 60 Staff Officer Section 1. Personal Narrative Report Table of Contents Page 3 Task Training Guide Book 1 Section 1 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Customs and Courtesies A new member of the Lexington Fire Department is quickly introduced to the concept of a quasi-military rank structure. This structure is called the chain of command, and is an effective means to manage a large number of personnel while also creating a conduit for the dissemination of information up and down the organization. This organizational style requires a certain code of conduct for its success. These rules are commonly known as an organization’s customs and courtesies. While different from the Standard Operating Procedures, which are written instructions on how to perform routine activities, these rules lay out the correct methods for displaying respect to both superiors and subordinates. Customs and courtesies go far beyond simply using the term “sir” to respect a rank. It includes the established customs of your company, your shift, and of the department as a whole. Courtesies include everything from throwing a company party to standing at attention before community leaders. As a leader, your success will depend in large part on your willingness to uphold the customs and courtesies of the fire service. Courtesy should be afforded to fire department and community members alike. Dress and Appearance Oftentimes, firefighters are viewed as a position of authority, so it is important to take pride in your appearance when wearing your uniform. A member’s uniform should be clean, neat, and free of excessive wear and tear. Their shirt should be tucked in and shoes polished. An unkempt appearance communicates a lack of professionalism and indifference, and people may have trouble taking you seriously or feel like their trust has been misplaced. Likewise, when you join a new company your appearance is part of what others use to make up their initial impression of what type of crewmember they have gained. As the officer or senior firefighter, it is your responsibility to establish the acceptable standard for uniform wear and condition. Promotion/Transition When people think of promotion, they often think of the advancement from the rank of firefighter to officer. A less recognized but equally important transition is from recruit to sworn member, or from probationary firefighter to senior firefighter. Through advancement, we gain a little more responsibility and visibility within the department. How you conduct yourself and get along with others during one phase will affect how well you are accepted in your new role. Respect is lost easier than it is earned, so remember that respect and courtesy directly affect your ability to lead and are a constantly evolving process. Customs and Courtesies Page 1 Task Training Guide Book 1 Section 1 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Proper Courtesy When addressing a male or female of a superior rank, using "Sir" and "Ma'am", respectively, are universally understood terms of respect. These terms can be used interchangeably with the official rank of a department member, such as captain or chief. Social versus professional settings In the fire service, we often find ourselves interacting with each other in both social and professional settings. Unlike the military where the mixing of these interactions is frowned upon, it is actually healthy for department members to socialize outside of the confines of the department. While it can strengthen the bonds of the crew, it can also negatively impact the crew's effectiveness if the familiarity on a social level blurs the lines of authority on the professional level. In the social setting, it is not considered poor etiquette to refer to department members by their first name. All members should be comfortable with the level of interaction taking place. It must be understood by those of rank that when someone of a lower rank is hosting the event, they are not in charge and should not interfere with the running of the event unless the actions of others will negatively impact the crew or the reputation of the fire department. In the professional setting, esteem for rank shall be shown at all times, including referring to members by their rank. Additionally, anytime discussions of a serious, technical, or policy nature are taking place, members of the discussion should refer to each other using their rank. It is critical that the officer understands this goes both ways. The rank of firefighter is not just a generic term used to describe one’s job. It is a term which carries with it a rich tradition of selfless sacrifice and deserves respect. We often forget the pride which is felt when one transitions from the status of recruit to firefighter where you are accepted as a permanent member of the organization. Interactions with the Public During the course of providing protection to the community, department members interact with the general public usually at a time many consider the worst day of their life. When addressing members of the public, use Mr. or Ms. and the person’s last name. If you are unable to ascertain the individual’s last name, use the term “Sir” or Ma’am. These simple terms of respect give the sense they are important and are at least part of the process. Taking Care of the Crew The number one responsibility of an officer is to take care of the crew(s), they are assigned, including the appropriate processing of disciplinary issues. One simple way the officer can do this is to make sure they are the last one to eat. This simple practice ensures your crew crew's basic needs are met and that the crew's well-being is important. Customs and Courtesies Page 2 Task Training Guide Book 1 Section 1 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Scheduling Appointments and Meetings In any organization, it is customary to make appointments to see supervisors especially about sensitive issues. The fire service is no different. At the company level, where the constant interaction creates a loose environment, this may not be entirely necessary. However, when possible, members should give the company officer advanced notice of the need for a meeting and the topic. This allows the officer to be fully prepared to discuss the issue or provide guidance. When an issue requires a meeting with a superior outside the company, it is important to note that it is not appropriate to circumvent the chain of command. All department members must follow the chain of command to address issues unless a member of the chain of command is the source of the potential problem. Sometimes, following the chain of command is simply informing your officer you will be speaking with a superior. Working through the chain of command will get the issue addressed quicker than circumventing it. Open Door Policy All officers, and to a large extent senior firefighters, should maintain an open door policy. Creating an environment where members feel like they can come to you for any reason will help you better understand each member as an individual and can provide early clues to issues that may blossom into major problems if not handled. Sick, Injured, and Deceased Members The dynamic nature of the fire service creates an environment where even by taking the most exacting precautions firefighters can become sick, injured, or killed. Fortunately, most of these injuries are minor in nature, but some can be severe and even career ending. When faced with a line of duty injury, the officer should immediately ensure the member receives any medical treatment needed. If the injury is minor, the member should report the injury following the proper procedures. For more severe injuries, the officer should make a point to repeatedly check on the status of the member while they recuperate, helping to facilitate the Worker's Compensation process, if possible. Also, ensuring tasks such as yard work or critical home repairs are completed should be considered. Fellow Firefighters There is no greater support system than the men and women who make up the fire service family. While many see caring for an injured member as a job of the administration, it is actually the brotherhood that provides the needed comfort. Fellow firefighters are encouraged to visit the injured firefighter as often as possible. Simple tasks like a phone call can be the difference between a miserable injury where the firefighter feels abandoned and one who knows they have support. Death of a Member The death of a fellow member is a traumatic event not only for the family but the extended LFD family. While most of the department is not trained in grief counseling, there are things we can do to ease the pain of both the family and our fellow firefighters. The Peer Support Customs and Courtesies Page 3 Task Training Guide Book 1 Section 1 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Team (POL 100.81: Peer Support Team) and the Critical Incident Stress Management CISM team (SOP 100.60: Critical Incident Stress Management) are two resources available to members during a time of loss. The LFD is a unique work environment with its own set of customs and courtesies. The rules that govern our basic conduct can often be boiled down to common sense decisions. Remember, you are a professional representing the LFD. The reputation you create for yourself in the first few months on the job will follow you throughout your career, and will often impact how fellow firefighters view you and your work ethic. References: Lexington Fire Department (2022). POL 100.81: Peer support team. Lexington, KY: LFD Lexington Fire Department (2022). SOP 100.60: Critical incident stress management. Lexington, KY: LFD Training Codes: Topic Code: FG01 Category: A0000 Class Name: LFD Customs and Courtesies Curriculum: Fire Engineering FF I and II Lesson Plan: Chapter 1 Customs and Courtesies Page 4 Task Training Guide Book 2 Section 1 Version Date : 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Hood Swap Program All LFD members shall have two NFPA 1971 UL certified hoods. The Hood Swap Program requires all LFD members to swap their soiled/dirty hoods for clean ones and allows for routine cleaning and inspection of hoods. Personnel who choose to wear a non-LFD issued hood are responsible for recovery of their hood once it has been cleaned. In an effort to reduce firefighter exposure to carcinogens, a hood swap program has been established. This program is a self-sustaining system which also enables the PPE Manager to inspect and remove hoods from service when needed. Along with the Hood Swap Program, these initiatives include the utilization of action wipes, showering, and gross decontamination of PPE. There are three variations of the hood swap program: fire ground hood swap, Station 1 swap, and District Officer swap. The following quantities of hoods shall be maintained: District Officer- 8 MA1/MA2- 50 Tote outside PPE Manager's office at Station 1- 20 These inventories shall be maintained by the PPE Manager and personnel assigned to Unit 210. Personnel assigned to Unit 210 shall launder (wash and dry) hoods after hours and on weekends to maintain an adequate stock of clean hoods. Instructions for washing hoods are located next to the gear washer at Station 1. Hoods should not be left for the gear technicians to wash the next day. Fire ground hood swap: The tote of clean hoods carried on either MA1 or MA2 shall be placed at a location designated by the Incident Commander (IC). The IC is responsible for ensuring all members responding to the incident have a clean hood prior to returning to service. The soiled hoods shall be placed in the laundry bag and taken to Station 1 for cleaning. The totes shall then be restocked with clean hoods. Post incident decontamination: Members should be allowed time for showering upon returning to the station, as permitted by run volume. Station 1 swap: There will be a tote of clean hoods maintained outside the PPE Manager's office at Station 1. Companies may elect to swap out hoods for routine cleaning. Soiled hoods shall be placed in the laundry bag. District officer swap: District officers will carry eight clean hoods in a tote and will be able to supplement the hood swap program if a member needs a clean hood at any other time. Soiled hoods will be Hood Swap Program Page 1 Task Training Guide Book 2 Section 1 Version Date : 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 brought down to Station 1 for cleaning in a tote or bag designated for that purpose. These totes shall be restocked and maintained by the respective district officer. References: NFPA 1971: Standard on protective ensembles for structural firefighting and proximity firefighting, 2014 Edition. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. Training Codes: Topic Code: HS08 Category: B0000 Class Name: Hood Swap Program Curriculum: IFSTA Occupational Safety, Health and Wellness (4rd Edition) Lesson Plan: Chapter 8 Hood Swap Program Page 2 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Building Construction Types Recognizing building construction type begins with an understanding of the five types of construction and gives the firefighter an indication as to the level of potential safety that is designed into the building and how the structure may respond under adverse conditions. It is important to note that every building does not fit into one of the five types and new construction may combine two different types, with the structure being assigned the type with the least fire protection. The five types are: Type I – Fire Resistive Type II – Non-Combustible Type III – Ordinary Type IV – Heavy Timber Type V – Wood Frame Type I – Fire Resistive It is difficult to distinguish between a Type I and Type II building, because they both look the same. They are both multi-story super steel structures with a lot of glass. You will either have to refer to the information on your print-out from a company inspection or go inside the building to determine if the principal and secondary structural members have been encased with fire resistive material. A Type I structure has load bearing walls and principle structural members encased with fire resistive material that provide for a two or three hour fire rating. Type I construction is designed so that the structural members will not contribute fuel to the fire. Hospitals Hospitals Big Blue Building Construction Types Page 1 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Type II - Noncombustible The level of fire resistance is usually less than what is required for Type I structures. Buildings of Type IIA classification would have a limited degree of fire resistance, such as spray on fire protective product or drywall used to protect steel members. Buildings of Type IIB classification have no fire resistant materials added to steel members. A good rule of thumb is to always suspect Type IIB until proven otherwise. Gaining access to the ceiling space above a drop ceiling, inspecting mechanical rooms that do not have a finished ceiling, and going to the top floor to visualize the roof deck can help determine if steel structural members are present. Type III - Ordinary Building Construction Types Page 2 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Type III - Ordinary These structures have a two-hour fire rated exterior, load bearing walls. Typically, the walls are masonry and do not contribute fuel to the fire. Interior structural components typically consist of wood. A rule of thumb for easy identification is masonry constructed exterior walls with wood floors and roof structure. Type III construction is Main Street, USA. Drive downtown to the heart of any city and you will see structures that are roughly no more than 30’ wide. Many have threaded metal plates on the outside of the structure indicating the use of a cable system to pull the exterior walls back to square (Stars and Bars). Main Street USA Stars between windows Type IV - Heavy Timber Noticeable features of Type IV from the street include large, exposed timber rafter tails, ridge beams protruding past the gable ends, cathedrals, large auditoriums, and the arched bowstring truss roof. Type IV structures have load bearing exterior walls with a two-hour fire resistance rating, and sometimes present as Type III due to the masonry exterior walls. Type IV does offer more structural mass giving us more time to extinguish fires; however, the concern once again is the interior combustibles as well as columns carrying beams, party walls, and any connectors used to connect timbers together. Building Construction Types Page 3 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Old Mill Type V – Wood Frame In the United States, most fires involve Type V wooden structures. The primary concern with this type of construction is the potential for fast compromise of structural integrity. Wood constructed load bearing walls under fire conditions can be quickly compromised. There are two classifications for Type V construction, V-A and V-B. Type V-A requires the exterior walls, interior load bearing walls, floors and roofs to be of 1-hour rated fire resistive material. Type V-B does not require any fire resistive rated material. Type V-A Type V-B Most multi-family and some commercial construction Most single-family construction Within Type V construction there are log cabins, post & frames, balloon frames, and conventional platform frames. Today, most new Type V structures consist of “conventional” platform frame and “truss” built platform frame. Balloon framing still exists (non-traditional) in new construction in what are commonly called “great rooms,” found in both types of platform framing. In today’s construction, however, contrary to the open vertical channels of the past, there is now substantial fire blocking in the walls to stop the vertical spread of fire. The primary point to remember is the path smoke and fire has to travel. The path from the first floor to the attic is obviously less restrictive in a balloon frame structure. Building Construction Types Page 4 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Attic space Stud space Platform frame Balloon frame (fire travel path) Conventional platform framing consists of 2x10 or 2x12 floor joists and 2x6 or 2x8 roof rafters, both 16” on center. Truss built platform framing consists of assembly line manufactured floor, wall, and roof truss systems, 24” on center. The best way to recognize which type of structure you have is to look at the neighborhood. If all the homes look the same and appear the same size, you are most likely in a truss-built platform frame neighborhood. If the homes in the neighborhood vary in appearance and size, you are likely in a neighborhood with conventional platform frame construction. If you find yourself in a neighborhood and are unsure of which type of platform frame you have on arrival, consider the following two rules of thumb: 1) multiple roof hips and valleys = most likely a conventional stick frame roof system, 16” on center; 2) noticeable swags in the roof between rafters = most likely truss roof with trusses 24” on center. Conventional platform frame Truss built platform frame We have more time to locate and extinguish fire in a conventional platform frame than with a truss built platform frame. In conventional platform frame, with exception of the attic and some floor systems, fire spread is typically vertical. Due to the configuration and size of Building Construction Types Page 5 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 components used in the assembling of trusses, this method of platform framing allows both horizontal and vertical fire spread; sometimes rapidly and undetected. When exposed to fire, failure of these systems has been proven to occur in less than ten minutes. Building Construction Types Page 6 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Split Foyer vs. Split Level To eliminate confusion between the two structures below, remember the interior steps of a split foyer are right inside the front door. The interior steps of the split level will typically be 8’ to 10’ after entering the front door. Split Foyer Split Level Lexington offers a variety of foundation types. Examples include: 1 story wood frame with walkout basement 1 story wood frame with crawl space Building Construction Types Page 7 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 2 story wood frame with daylight pit basement 2 story wood frame truss built on a slab The below photos show the typical Cape Cod found in Lexington. 1 ½ Story Wood Frame with Knee Wall Voids 1 ½ Story Wood Frame with Dormers and Voids 1 ½ story wood frame with knee wall voids 1 ½ story wood frame with dormers and voids Building Construction Types Page 8 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Glossary Bar Joists: lightweight steel truss joists. Cantilever Beam: a beam that is secured on one end inside the structure and extends out past the structure, unsupported. Corbel: series of projections that look like detailed cornice work but are secured to vertical face of wall to support cornice work of overhanging member. Cornice: overhang of structure that includes the fascia (what gutter attaches to), soffit and freeze board (gives masonry stopping point). Flitch Plate Girder: a steel plate or plywood sandwiched between two wood members. Flush Girder: beam concealed in the ceiling that receives joists at the face rather than allowing the joist to rest on top. Gusset Plate: lightweight metal plate used to hold wood members together. Hip: a beam that originates at the outside corner of the roof structure and typically extends up to a ridge beam. Joist: a horizontal beam used to support a floor or ceiling. Joist Hanger: metal strap used to support a joist to a beam or girder. Load Bearing Wall: a wall which supports the ends of floor joists or the ends of rafters. OSB (Oriented Strand Board): 4x8 sheets of wood prefabricated in a factory by gluing wood chips together. Primarily used today for sub-floors, exterior walls, and roof decking. Rafter: a beam that creates the pitch of the roof and supports the roofing material. Ridge Beam: typically, the highest beam of the structure that receives rafters. Soffit: The underside of an architectural structure such as an arch, balcony, or overhanging eaves. Tensile (Q) Decking: metal sheets laid over bar joists (when the temperature of steel reaches 1000° F, elongation and loss of strength occurs rapidly) Valley: a beam that originates at the inside corner of the roof structure and typically extends to the ridge beam. Firestopping: material used to stop fire vertically. Draftstopping: material used to stop fire horizontally. References: Brannigan, F. (1993). Building construction for the fire service (3rd Ed.) Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Dalton, J. M., Backstrom, R. G., Kerber, S. (2009). Structural collapse: The hidden dangers of residential fires. Fire Engineering, Vol. 162, Issue 10. Dunn, V. (2010). Collapse of burning buildings: A guide to fireground safety. Tulsa, OK: Pennwell. IFSTA. (2010). Building construction related to the fire service (3rd Ed.), Oklahoma State University. Images courtesy of MIT OpenCourseWare - http://ocw.mit.edu/ Thomas, S. (2018). International building code study companion, 2018 Edition, Washington D.C.: International Code Council. Building Construction Types Page 9 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 1 Version Date 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Training Codes: Topic Codes: FG04 Category: V0000 Class Name: Recognizing a Building’s Construction Type Curriculum: Fire Engineering FF I and II / IFSTA Building Construction 3rd Lesson Plan: Chapter 5 / All Chapters Building Construction Types Page 10 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 2 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2022 Securing Utilities Securing utilities is an important job and should be completed as soon as possible. Failure to secure the appropriate utilities could result in the injury or death of a firefighter. The Incident Commander should be notified as soon as utilities are shut down and/or secured. Electricity Kentucky Utilities (KU), Bluegrass Energy Cooperative, and Clark Energy Cooperative are the service providers in Fayette County, and they should be requested to respond at the earliest indication that their services may be needed. The meter should only be pulled by a representative of the utility company. KU responds on a priority system. The priorities are as follows: Priority 1- This is used when there is an immediate life-threatening situation. Examples include situations where electric lines are down near the scene of a vehicle accident and action cannot be taken until the hazard is removed; or a person, machine, or tool has contacted electric lines and an immediate response is needed for rescue or to prevent the immediate escalation of the situation. Priority 2- A situation that is hazardous but not immediately life threatening. An example would be wires down, as long as the scene is secured. This is our typical situation during severe weather. Our units remain on scene, if possible, until the arrival of KU. Most structure fires fall into this category. Priority 3- A situation that is not hazardous and KU could respond with a normal crew with daily work orders to handle the situation. This is a “courtesy” notification and our crews would have no need to standby for their arrival. Residential Structures: The electrical panel is typically located near the service entrance (where the wires carrying electricity from the utility pole or pad mounted transfer enter the building). To locate an overhead service, look up and find the lines coming from the pole to the structure. A typical home will have three large wires twisted together until they reach the house. The panel will be located in the area where the service enters the structure. For underground service, look for a large conduit coming from the ground at the meter base. Multiple family occupancies may have a single meter for the entire facility, a meter for each occupancy, or a meter that feeds a building system(s) and meters for the individual occupancies. Depending on the age of the building, there may be a disconnect for the meter(s) located at the service entrance meter. If the area inside the structure is not involved in the fire, notify the Incident Commander and try to gain access. Before turning off the electricity, make sure you are not standing in water, and do not use your fingers to grasp the lever. Instead, use the knuckle of your first gloved finger to trip the service disconnect or main breaker. If you sustain a shock, you won’t be locked on to the service. Securing Utilities Page 1 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 2 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2022 Commercial Buildings: This service usually terminates in a junction box and is located in an electrical room. The meter will be located on a separate junction box with the circuit breakers and fuses directly adjacent in another panel. To shut down the service, find the main disconnect. This should be a box with the words “ON” and “OFF” stamped in the panel. Before turning it off make sure the box and lever are dry. The unit could throw an arc when tripping the disconnect mechanism. If it is wet inside the electric room, notify the Incident Commander. The service provider shall be requested Priority 1. Wearing PPE, including facial protection, use the back of a gloved hand, look away, and push the lever to the “OFF” position. The power to the structure should be disconnected. Notify the Incident Commander as soon as this task is completed. Large commercial or industrial facilities may have multiple electrical rooms and electrical service entries. Shutting off one service may not disconnect power to the entire facility. It may be beneficial to seek out a facility representative that has a working knowledge of the building’s systems. When it is necessary to make sure a structure or piece of equipment cannot be turned back on (intentionally or accidently), the LFD uses the lockout/tag out system. Lockout/tag out kits are located on Rescue 1 and the ladder companies. This kit contains the equipment needed to block access to breakers, panels, etc. When the lock out/tag out system is used, the key is to be given to the Incident Commander as soon as possible. This gives the Incident Commander complete control over who has access to the utilities. If the lock out/tag out system is not available, the LFD uses a lock out/knock out system. In this scenario, a firefighter is positioned at the panel to ensure the power stays shut off until notified by the Incident Commander that the firefighter is no longer needed at this position. THINK SAFETY: Less than one amp can kill you. The service into a residential structure is typically 100 or 200 amps. In a commercial building, the service is 200 amps or greater, with 400 amps being most common. And of course, water and electricity never mix safely. In the event of downed power lines, obtain the pole number and provider, if possible, and give that information to the Incident Commander or Fire Control. State the requested priority. Secure the scene and wait for the utility company to de-energize the wire. Always treat downed power lines as though they are energized. Gas Guidelines established in SOP 220.15: Gas Responses shall be followed concerning mitigation of Gas Responses. Columbia Gas is to be notified by Fire Control on all fire incidents involving natural gas odors or leaks at the time of dispatch. LFD does not restore gas service. Columbia Gas makes all determinations as to the restoration of service and whether or not any repairs must be made by a licensed plumber prior to restoring service. Natural Gas Natural gas is supplied to the structure through a meter. The meter is typically on the outside of the house or building. Though not as common, it can also be found in the crawl space or basements. Once the meter is located, find the shut off valve. The valve has a straight line on it and a tab with a hole. If the straight line is parallel with the gas line (i.e. facing the same way), the gas is on and supplying the building. If the straight line is perpendicular to the gas line (looking like a cross), the meter is off. Use an adjustable open end wrench, gas key, or spanner Securing Utilities Page 2 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 2 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2022 wrench to turn the gas to the off position. Look at the tab with a hole in it. When the holes line up, it is in the off position. This is for the gas company to put a lock on. Gas meters for commercial or industrial occupancies will likely differ in appearance and operation from residential meters. Contact Columbia Gas immediately when gas service is to be shut off to a commercial or industrial occupancy to ensure that the gas supply has been properly shut off. Gas service for multiple family or multiple business occupancies may, much like electric meters, have either one meter serving the entire building, separate meters for each occupancy, or a combination of both. Identifying the meter that serves a particular occupancy in a multiple family or multiple business occupancy can be challenging. Crews should evaluate the need for shutting off the gas to an entire building or to the involved occupancy, if possible, to prevent unnecessary disruption of service to uninvolved occupancies. If in doubt, shut the gas off to the entire building. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) If the structure is supplied with LPG, there will be a tank on the outside of the structure. These tanks can be located above or below grade. Once the tank is located, find the valve on the top. No special tools are needed to shut off this gas. Turn the wheel on the valve clockwise until it is closed. If the source of a gas leak is an appliance, and there is a supply valve for that appliance, shut it off. If a natural gas appliance is involved, notify Columbia Gas so they can ‘red tag’ the appliance, serving notice that the device requires repair before restoring the gas service. If the device is an LPG appliance, the owner should be clearly informed of the needed repairs prior to restoring the gas service. It is not always necessary to shut off the gas supply to the entire building when the source of a leak can be identified and isolated. Domestic Water Residential water meters are typically located near the sidewalk. Using the street key, remove the lid of the meter box to gain access to the water meter. It is not uncommon to find more than one meter in a meter box. To determine which meter should be cut off, look for the small wheel that is located on the dial of the meter. This wheel will be turning if there is minimal water flow. The faster it is turning, the more water is flowing through the meter. The meter is equipped with a quarter turn valve, similar to the gas meter. The water meter has a tab on the valve along with an arrow. If the arrow is pointing in line, it’s in the on position. A quarter turn, lining the holes in the tabs up, will move it to the off position. Commercial structures may have several different valves located throughout the property to isolate the water service. There may be an OS&Y valve or a gated valve located near the street that can be used to isolate the water supply to a structure. Care must be taken when using either the OS&Y or gated valve so that the sprinkler supply is not inadvertently affected. Steam Steam is not often considered as a utility. Steam is, however, prevalent in many industrial processes and is used for electric generation and heat. There are several considerations for steam during emergency operations. Steam is a product of the combination of two more commonly considered utilities, fuel and water. It is important to consider this when developing Securing Utilities Page 3 Task Training Guide Book 4 Section 2 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2022 an action plan to isolate steam. Members can reduce the impact of steam on emergency operations by simply removing the fuel source from the steam generation process. This can be coal, electric, fuel oil, or natural gas. Failing to remove the fuel source prior to isolation of the water source can be disastrous. If heat is still generated without water to absorb it, a runaway or overheated boiler condition can result. It is better to remove the fuel/heat and allow overpressure devices to dissipate the steam created. Steam expands 1,700 times the volume of water, so isolating steam without an ability to relieve overpressure can result in failure of piping or containers. It is often best to consult plant or process facility personnel familiar with the engineering and layout of the steam system to determine the location of valves and over pressure devices. An incident action plan can be developed with this knowledge. References: Lexington Fire Department (2022). SOP 220.15: Gas responses, Lexington, KY: LFD. Lexington Fire Department (2022). SOP 220.18: Natural gas pocket responses to geothermal/water well drilling. Lexington, KY: LFD. Training Codes: Topic Code: FG04 Category: V0000 Class Name: Securing Utilities Curriculum: Fire Engineering FF I and II Lesson Plan: Chapter 17 Securing Utilities Page 4 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE Equipment is as follows: Coats and Pants Helmet Hearing Protection Boots SCBA Face Piece CPR Pocket Mask Hood Flashlight Half Facepiece Respirator Gloves Eye Protection Structural firefighting coat, pants, gloves, and hood will meet or exceed LFD specifications and meet requirements of NFPA 1851, Standard on Selection, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Firefighting and Proximity Firefighting and NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Firefighting and Proximity Firefighting standards in effect at the time of manufacture. All ensemble articles will be labeled with the appropriate NFPA tags showing compliance. Labels will not be removed for any reason. If an ensemble is missing the labels, that article will be considered unserviceable. Structural firefighting coat, pants, and gloves will contain user's name and employee number on the ensemble not to cover or impede the manufacturer label showing NFPA compliance. Boots Structural firefighting boots will be the standard rubber boot that is currently under contract with the LFD. Members have the option of purchasing an NFPA-approved pair of structural firefighting leather boots. Members are eligible to receive a credit towards the purchase of a pair of NFPA-compliant leather boots. The amount of the credit is equal to the contract cost of a pair of rubber boots. In order to receive the boot credit, members must fill out the Request for Boots Disbursement Form (Attachment A) and submit it to the Office of the Quartermaster prior to the purchase. A form-fillable electronic copy of the Request for Boots Disbursement Form can be found on the Health and Safety Forms Page under General Forms. To complete the form, follow these instructions: 1. Complete all fields a. List the vendor from whom the boots will be purchased in the Purchasing Boots From field 2. Click Email Form The form will be emailed to the Office of the Quartermaster, who will conduct a budget check to ensure the presence of funds sufficient to cover the credit. If there is not enough money remaining in the budget to fulfill the request, the Health and Safety Supervisor will notify the requesting member. If the budget allows, the Health and Safety Supervisor will sign and date the form and fill in the amount approved for disbursement. The signed form will be emailed back to the requesting member, indicating that the request has been approved. Care and Maintenance of PPE Page - 1 - Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 Once the approved form has been received, the boots may be purchased from the vendor listed on the request. The requesting member will be responsible for paying the difference between the price of the boots and the amount approved by the Health and Safety Supervisor. Helmets Structural firefighting helmets must be one of the following approved helmets: 1. Bullard UST Traditional Series Fire Helmet (LFD Standard Issue) 2. Cairns N6A Sam Houston Leather Fire Helmet (Optional) 3. Phenix TL-2 (Optional) No other brand of helmet is approved for wear. All helmet shields must comply with the LFD Helmet Shield Specification (Attachment B) or be approved by the Office of Health and Safety. Per NFPA 1971, The visibility of a firefighter is crucial during both interior and exterior operations. In addition, almost all emergency incidents begin in a roadway (apparatus placement) and many emergency incidents are roadway-related. For firefighter safety, it is important that garments have effective retroreflectivity and fluorescence for conspicuity (visibility). {NFPA 1971, Table B.3.7.5.9 Retroreflectivity and Fluorescence Test (helmet visibility markings)} All helmets shall have high visibility retroreflective and fluorescent markings. To ensure compliance, these markings shall consist of adhesive retroreflective “tetrahedrons” that shall be at least one of the following NFPA-compliant colors: fluorescent yellow-green, fluorescent orange- red, or fluorescent red. These are the only colors approved for helmet tetrahedrons. Helmets shall be kept in a state of cleanliness that maintains effective reflectivity of the visibility markings. District Majors and Bureau Commanders are responsible for determining “effective reflectivity.” Replacement fluorescent yellow-green tetrahedrons are available through the Quartermaster. SCBA Facepiece The LFD will issue all sworn members an MSA SCBA facepiece that will be used with the LFD MSA Air Packs. The facepiece will be inspected and maintained by each member and will be sent to the LFD cascade room for repair when needed. All LFD members will be issued the following items as part of a member’s PPE complement: flashlight, eye protection, hearing protection, half face respirator with filter, and a pocket mask. It is up to the individual member to care for and maintain these items. If items of PPE are in disrepair, they will be replaced either by the LFD Quartermaster or through the member's Quartermaster account. It is the responsibility of all officers and firefighters to ensure the proper compliance. The Office of Health and Safety has the final say on all PPE worn by LFD members. Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 2 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 References: Lexington Fire Department (2013). Helmet shield specifications. Lexington, KY: LFD. NFPA 1851. Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural firefighting and proximity firefighting, 2014 Edition. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 1971. Standard on protective ensembles for structural firefighting and proximity firefighting, 2014 edition. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association. Training Codes: Topic Code: FG05 Category: F0000 Class Name: Personal Protective Equipment Curriculum: Fire Engineering FF I and II Lesson Plan: Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 3 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 Attachment A “Request for Boots” Disbursement Form Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 4 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 Attachment B HELMET SHIELD SPECIFICATIONS The specifications for helmet shield for the issued Lexington Fire Department Bullard UST Traditional Helmet and the optional Cairns N6A Houston Leather Helmet are as follows: All shields shall be a 6 inch, for Bullard UST, or 6 ¼ inch, for Cairns N6A Fire department will issue shields for department issued Bullard UST fire helmets only All shields for the Cairns N6A to be supplied and maintained by the firefighter Custom made shields for the Bullard UST to be supplied and maintained by the firefighter Firefighters and Officers will have 90 days from a permanent transfer or promotion to ensure the information on a custom shield is accurate to the new assignment Standard department shields can be requested from the Quartermaster upon promotion within the division STANDARD DEPARTMENT SHIELD Two lettering panels, one upper curved and one lower straight, and Velcro passport in the center Lettering will be standard block font Upper panel lettering for all ranks: “LEXINGTON” Lower panel lettering will display appropriate rank Center Velcro patch will have “LFD” with the passport coloring appropriate for rank. It will be sewn on lettering Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 5 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 PANEL PASSPORT SHIELD PANEL RANK LETTER LETTER COLOR COLOR COLOR COLOR Recruit/ Black White Black White Probationary Firefighter Black White Black White Lieutenant Black Red White Red Captain Red Black White White District Chief White Black White Black Batt. Chief Red White Red White Asst. Chief White Red White Red Fire Marshal White Red White Red Chief White Red White Red OPTIONAL DEPARTMENT SHIELDS There are three styles of optional shields that are authorized to be used. Medallion Style Two lettering panels, one upper curved and one lower straight, and medallion in the center Lettering will be standard block font Upper panel lettering for all ranks: LEXINGTON Lower panel lettering will be for rank Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 6 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 SHIELD PANEL LETTER RANK MEDALLION COLOR COLOR COLOR FD Scramble Recruit Black White Black (silver) FD Scramble Firefighter Black White Black (silver) Lieutenant Black Red White 1 Trumpet (gold) Captain Red Black White 2 Trumpet (gold) 2 Crossed District Chief White Black White Trumpet (gold) 3 Trumpet Batt. Chief Red White Red (gold) 4 Trumpet Asst. Chief White Red White (gold) 4 Trumpet Fire Marshal White Red White (gold) 5 Trumpet Chief White Red White (gold) Suppression Company Style One piece with no Velcro Two lettering panels, upper one curved and lower one straight Shield color, panel color, and lettering color same as department issued shield Top lettering panel: o LEXINGTON Center area for line company assignment. Examples: o E1 o L1 o EC1 Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 7 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 o RS1 o 201 The center will be done in raised lettering Bottom panel will be the appropriate rank The center lettering will be colored in the following way: RANK COLOR Firefighter White Lieutenant Red Captain White District Chief Black Battalion Chief White Asst. Chief/ Fire Chief Red As an option, the firefighter may use the department issued Velcro shield and have a specific company passport center made. The background and lettering will meet the above coloring specification. The company assignment will be sewn onto the passport Velcro section. Support, Administration, and Bureau Optional Helmet Shield Style Three lettering panels, two upper curved and one lower straight Shield color, panel color, and lettering color same as department issued shield Topmost lettering panel: LEXINGTON Second panel, one of the following, depending on assignment: o SPECIAL OPERATIONS o EMS OPERATIONS o HAZ MAT o FIRE PREVENTION o FIRE INVESTIGATOR o FIRE INSPECTOR o FIRE TRAINING Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 8 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 1 Version Date 3/2024 Revision Date 3/2024 o FIRE MARSHAL o FIRE OPERATIONS o SAFETY OFFICER o FIRE COMMUNICATIONS o COMMUNITY SERVICES Bottom panel will be the appropriate rank Middle will be a medallion of the appropriate rank Current “custom” helmet shields may be grandfathered pending approval by the Office of Health and Safety. All shields, not grandfathered, shall meet these specification. Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 9 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 3 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Care and Maintenance of PPE It is the responsibility of each individual member to inspect and report all deficiencies of their PPE to the proper personnel. It is imperative that each firefighter works in conjunction with their company officer and department quartermaster technician to ensure that PPE is in good working order. Performing proper daily inspections, preventative maintenance, cleaning and repair ensures that your PPE protects you while performing the duties in the hostile environments that we face. LFD follows NFPA 1851, Standard on Selection, Care & Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Firefighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, the LFD 2013 PPE Gear Specifications, current ANSI standards, and all clothing manufacturer recommendations for the proper care of PPE. If maintained properly, your structural firefighting ensemble and ensemble elements can provide for many years of useful life. Chapter 10 of NFPA 1851 now requires for ensembles and ensemble elements to be retired no later than 10 years from the date of manufacture. It is the practice of the Lexington Fire Department that sworn personnel assigned structural firefighting ensembles and ensemble elements to no longer wear or keep possession of out dated ensemble and ensemble elements at their assigned duty station (the exception being permanent gear displays that cannot be mistakenly put into service). The Quartermaster will notify personnel when their ensemble and elements have reached the lifespan end. Also, upon recognition of outdated ensemble and ensemble elements, personnel must contact LFD Quartermaster to remove item(s) from the individual's records. All expired PPE shall be turned in to the Quartermaster. Outdated firefighting ensembles and ensemble elements shall not be worn. There are four components to caring for and maintaining PPE. Each component is equally important in protecting the firefighter. Daily inspection Deficiencies Cleaning o Routine o Advanced o Specialized Maintenance and repair Daily Inspections Occur prior to going on duty and are done by each individual firefighter. They are responsible for his/her own PPE along with the SCBA that they will be using during that days tour of duty. The Company Officer is responsible for making sure that this is accomplished at the beginning of each shift. Daily inspection should include but not be limited to: Coat and pants for missing hardware, excessive charring, holes, hook and loop that is ripped away or is not functioning properly Boots for deep gouges, cuts, holes, tears, punctures, and little or no tread Gloves for holes, tears, cuts, or excessive wear Hood for poor elasticity, holes and burn areas Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 1 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 3 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Helmet for missing screws, warping of crown insert, or cracking that moves upward from the rim towards the crown. Inspect the shroud and brow pad for holes, burns or defects Ensure proper fit to enable you to perform your duties. Proper fit allows for proper thermal protection (air space insulates you from heat). Gear that is too tight or too loose is unsafe Deficiencies Deficiencies are defined as rips, holes, broken or missing hardware, weak or torn hook and loop, stretched out or torn wristlets, deep discoloration, extreme deep soiling, serious fraying, and improperly fitting gear. The following procedure should be followed in the event that any PPE is found to be not serviceable during daily or routine inspection: Remove the PPE from service Forward the PPE to LFD Quartermaster, utilizing the chain of command o In the event the PPE is not serviceable due to contamination (i.e. chemical or biological contaminants) follow the procedure for Advanced Cleaning, outlined below Pursuant to SOP 800.18 (Property and Equipment Damage Reporting): o Notify immediate supervisor o Contact the District Officer and inform them of the situation o The District Officer shall complete an SP-302 (Accident Investigation Report) o The member shall submit a letter, utilizing the LFD Memorandum Form, providing notice of the damaged PPE and the events that resulted in the damage. This memo should be sent, via email, to:  The appropriate Shift or Bureau Commander (main addressee)  The following should be copied: Office of Health and Safety supervisor Quartermaster Asst. Chief of Operations Fire Chief  The memo shall be completed as soon as possible post-incident and no later than the end of the shift LFD Quartermaster is responsible for the appropriate disposition, including coordinating repair, of all ensembles and ensemble elements that are in disrepair. Personnel should work through the chain of command to ensure that he/she has a replacement for all unserviceable required PPE prior to submission of that PPE to LFD Quartermaster for disposition. Required PPE includes turnout coat and bunker pants, helmet, hood, gloves, and boots. If necessary, loaner gear is available while personal gear is being repaired. Loaner gear can be secured through the chain of command, in coordination with the Quartermaster. When PPE is loaned from the Quartermaster supply, the “Borrowed Gear Form” must be completed and left with the PPE to be repaired. This form is located in the loaner gear cabinet. Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 2 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 3 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Cleaning Cleaning of PPE is divided into three categories: routine, advanced, and specialized. The required cleaning is dependent on the nature and extent to which the PPE is soiled. Routine Cleaning Routine cleaning is the most common and involves rinsing PPE with water (either on- scene or at the station) to remove gross contaminants such as fire residue, petroleum products, and biological material. Sanitizing gear that has been contaminated with blood or body fluids falls under the category of advanced cleaning. Rinsing gear with water removes the bulk of debris from PPE. Advanced Cleaning Advanced cleaning occurs annually and anytime deeper soiling takes place. Annual advanced cleaning will occur by district and shift for Line personnel and will be scheduled by the Quartermaster for Support personnel. All three shifts of the same fire company are done within the same week. It is the responsibility of the company officer to ensure that his/her crew properly prepares their gear for their designated annual gear cleaning. An email will be sent by the Quartermaster to schedule each member of the company. Modification of the laundering schedule will be at the discretion of the District Officer, Bureau Commander, or Quartermaster. The following is how to prepare your gear for the advanced cleaning: Empty all pockets Remove suspenders and/ or belt Remove liners from shell of coat and pants Remove DRD Turn liners inside out Do not turn shell inside out Fasten all zippers, hook and D’s, and hook and loop on shells Hoods, gloves and DRD can also be cleaned and need to be placed in the yellow mess bag Ensure that the employee number is written on the gloves (Do not write on labels). It is not necessary to write on coat and pants, as the member’s name is printed on the label. Place the bag in the bay at member’s assigned station. Cleaned gear will be returned the day before the next duty day, to the station it was picked up from. In the event a member travels on the day prior to their scheduled pickup date, PPE shall be taken to the assigned station immediately following the end of the shift, to be picked up by the Quartermaster. The member may also take their PPE directly to Station 1 immediately following the end of the shift. In the event a member travels the shift after gear cleaning, their clean PPE must be retrieved from their assigned station prior to the start of that shift. Any time outside of the normal annual cleaning rotation that gear is left with the Quartermaster at Station 1 for advanced cleaning, a Turnout Gear Laundering Form shall be completed and left with the soiled gear. This form is found on the Forms Page under Health and Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 3 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 3 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Safety, General Forms. Hard copies are also available on a clipboard hanging in the Quartermaster bay at Station 1 (a copy of this form is also included as the last page of this guide). Specifically note on this form the contaminants/suspected contaminants. Contaminated gear must be attended to as soon as possible. In the event that gear is soiled with biological material (i.e. blood, other bodily fluids, communicable pathogens, etc.), prepare it for advanced cleaning per the procedure above and place all components to be cleaned in a large red biohazard bag. These bags are located on EC Units and in a box outside of the Quartermaster office at Station 1. Complete a Turnout Gear Laundering Form attach it to the biohazard bag or place it inside on top of the gear and leave it with the Quartermaster for disposition. The form must be clearly visible. If a Quartermaster Technician is not present when the gear is left, send an email to LFD-Quarter Master notifying them of the gear and contaminants/suspected contaminants. If necessary, loaner gear can be secured through the Chain of Command (District Major). Advanced cleaning can be performed any time necessary, outside of the normal annual cleaning rotation, at Station 20, Station 21, or the Fire Training Academy (FTA). Contact the Quartermaster prior to washing the gear to ensure additional cleaning is not necessary. The respective station should be called prior to dropping off PPE. Personnel at that station can provide the necessary instructions. If advanced cleaning is performed at Station 20, Station 21, or the FTA, the member must send a completed Turnout Gear Laundering Form to the Quartermaster via intradepartmental mail. Specialized Cleaning Specialized cleaning is conducted by an external independent service provider. The Quartermaster is responsible for determining the need for specialized cleaning and will coordinate with the member and the chain of command. Suggestions from the Quartermaster Use a tool pouch to hold sharp tools inside pockets to keep from puncturing pocket material Properly cleaned PPE is integral in helping maintain the health of all personnel. Do not wait for the annual inspection to launder PPE if it is soiled. In the event that PPE cannot be left at Station 1 for laundering, contact the Quartermaster for other arrangements. References: NFPA 1851. Standard on selection, care, and maintenance of protective ensembles for structural firefighting and proximity firefighting, 2014 Edition Quincy. MA: National Fire Protection Association. Lexington Fire Department (2013). PPE gear specifications. Lexington, KY: LFD. Lexington Fire Department (2022). SOP 800.18: Property and equipment damage reporting.. Lexington, KY: LFD. Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 4 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 3 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Training Codes: Topic Code: FG05 Category: F0000 Class Name: Care and Maintenance of PPE Curriculum: Fire Engineering FF I and II Lesson Plan: Chapter 9 Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 5 Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 3 Version Date: 03/2024 Revision Date: 03/2022 Care and Maintenance of PPE Page 6  Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 4 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2024 Inspection of SCBA The SCBA is one of the most crucial pieces of equipment that firefighters have to keep themselves safe and prevent injury or illness. Every member should be familiar and proficient with the function of the MSA G1, and competent with the daily inspection and operational check, as well as cleaning, disinfecting, and repair procedures of the SCBA. Daily Inspection of SCBA Visual Inspection General: Inspect all components for secure attachment, deterioration, dirt, cracks, debris, tears, holes, stickiness, signs of excessive heat or chemical damage or other visible damage. Inspect all straps for tears, cuts, wear, abrasion, and missing buckles/straps. Ensure completeness of all components. Cylinder: Inspect the cylinder and valve assembly for obvious damage such as deep scratches, dents, and heat exposure. Ensure the rubber boot is present on the cylinder valve. Inspect the cylinder pressure. If the cylinder pressure is below 90% capacity (4050 psi), the cylinder should be replaced with a spare cylinder carried on the apparatus. The low cylinder shall be returned to the Cascade Room for refilling. This can be accomplished by way of the District Officer. Prior to filling cylinders, the hydrostatic test dates must be confirmed within date, properly recorded, and the cylinder must be visually inspected. Regulator: Examine the regulator and hose assembly for any obvious damage such as breakage, cuts, excessive wear, etc. Ensure that the orange o-ring and gray seal are present, undamaged, and free of debris. Ensure adequate rotation of the torque indicating (locking) purge/bypass valve knob. Inspect the heads-up display lights and microphone ports for any obvious physical damage and debris. Inspect the regulator release buttons for signs of damage. Carrier Harness: Examine the carrier harness for any signs of damage such as cracks or missing components. Ensure that the cylinder band latch is locked and holding the cylinder securely. Examine the shoulder straps and waist-belt for damage such as tears, cuts, excessive wear, brittleness, and heat exposure. Ensure that the waist-belt buckle operates properly. Ensure that the buckles on the shoulder straps and waist-belt operate smoothly and inspect the regulator holder on the waist-belt for damage. Inspect the lumbar pad and ensure it is attached securely, free of damage, and adjusted to the preferred position. Pressure Reducer Closely examine the cylinder valve high pressure connection and high-pressure hose for obvious damage. Manually inspect the high pressure threaded connection to confirm it is hand tight. Inspect the Pressure Reducer and bell assembly for signs of damage and ensure it is held in Inspection of SCBA Page 1  Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 4 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2024 place by the lower cover and screws. Inspect the RIC/ UAC (Rapid Intervention Crew / Universal Air Coupling) fitting for obvious damage. Store the RIC/UAC fitting with the rubber cover in place. Power, Battery, and Control Module Inspect the battery module for visible damage and to ensure the battery is present and properly seated. Inspect the piezo emitters on both sides of the power module for obstruction from dirt and debris. Inspect the control module display for cracks, discoloration and other visible damage. Ensure the buttons are not damaged or missing. Ensure the hose assembly is securely attached to the control module. Ensure the needle and gauge face are clearly visible and the gauge stem is not bent UEBSS (Universal Emergency Breathing Support System): Remove the UEBSS from the storage pouch and visually inspect the hose and pouch for any visible damage (i.e., cuts, bulges, tears, dents, deformity, dirt, etc.). Remove the rubber dust cap and inspect the universal rectus fitting for dirt, debris, and damage. Always store the UEBSS with the rubber dust cap in place and place back in the pouch. Facepiece: Inspect the facepiece for cleanliness and any damage such as excessive heat exposure, deep scratches, breaks, deterioration of the rubber face seal, deterioration of the nose cup, etc. Inspect the head net and straps for tears, holes, loss of elasticity and proper operation of the strap buckles. Ensure the exhalation and inhalation valves are in place, unobstructed, clean, and operate easily. Functional Test Push the release buttons on the regulator and ensure the bypass valve is closed to ensure the airflow is shut-off. Don the facepiece and adjust straps to create an effective seal. Attach the regulator to the facepiece and inhale, creating a negative pressure seal. Hold your breath for approximately 10 seconds. Negative pressure should be maintained and the facepiece should remain collapsed against the face for the entire 10 seconds. Push the release buttons on the regulator and remove the regulator from the facepiece. Pressurize the system by fully opening the cylinder valve. Observe the starting sequence of LEDs on the regulator. Listen for the power module to sound and for the primary low pressure warning alarm (bell) to sound briefly. Ensure the control module displays a green check following the self-test. Ensure the buddy lights are flashing green. Ensure the pressure gauge and LCD screen on the control module show the correct pressure and are within a 5% (225 psi) range of the cylinder pressure. Inspect the regulator hose for bulging. Attach the regulator to the facepiece. Ensure proper attachment by pulling on the regulator. Inhale sharply to start air flow. Breathe normally and ensure the regulator is not making any unusual sounds such as whistling, chattering, or popping. Talk into the facepiece to ensure the speaker module is working properly. Push the release buttons on the regulator and remove the regulator from the facepiece. Open the torque indicating bypass knob (click to lock/unlock) on the regulator to ensure air flows from the regulator. Close the torque indicating bypass knob and ensure it has clicked to lock. Inspection of SCBA Page 2  Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 4 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2024 PASS Operation Test With the SCBA pressurized but with the air flow stopped, allow the control module to remain motionless for twenty seconds. Listen for the power module sound repeated tones of the PASS pre-alarm. Verify that the buddy lights are flashing red, and that the red LED is flashing in the heads-up display (HUD). Shake the control module to reset the pre-alarm before the unit goes into full alarm Again, with the SCBA pressurized but with air flow stopped, allow the control module to remain motionless until the full alarm sounds (30 seconds). Listen for the power module to sound tones of the PASS full alarm. Verify that the buddy lights are flashing red and that the red LED is flashing in the HUD. Verify that shaking the control module does not reset the full alarm. Reset the PASS alarm by pressing the reset button on the left side of the control module twice within 1 second. Check for manual activation of the PASS alarm, by pressing and holding the red alarm button on the front of the control module until the alarm activates. Listen for the power module to sound tones of the PASS full alarm. Verify that the buddy lights are flashing red and that the red LED is flashing in the HUD. Reset the PASS alarm by pressing the reset button on the right side of the control module twice within 1 second. Close the cylinder valve fully. Reattach the regulator to the facepiece. Ensure the low battery indicator is not illuminated (amber light on the left side of HUD) and confirm battery status on secondary display of the control module. If the low battery indicator is illuminated, replace the battery, and restart the functional test. Slowly breathe down the remaining air and observe the HUD light indication of reducing air supply. Continue breathing until the control module pressure reading drops below approximately 35% of full cylinder pressure (1485-1665 psi). A flashing red LED must display in the HUD and the primary low pressure warning device (bell) should alarm. All buddy lights should flash red and the UAC light should illuminate. The alarms should continue until the air pressure is 200 psi or less. When the system pressure is below 200 psi, open the torque indicating bypass valve to ensure the system is fully depressurized. Return the torque indicating bypass valve to the locked position and push the regulator release buttons to remove the regulator. Place the regulator in the belt holder or ensure it is fully attached to the mask and store on shoulder strap quick disconnect. Turn the control module off by pressing the rest button (green button) two times within 1 second. Ensure the shoulder straps and waist belt are fully extended Verify the SCBA and facepiece are properly stored and ready for use. NOTE: If any failures are found with the unit during the inspection or operational check, the entire unit shall be taken out of service and forwarded to the Cascade Room in accordance with the Red-Tag procedures outlined at the conclusion of this Task Training Guide. Battery Replacement Procedure Ensure the lumbar pad is not impeding full battery access (do not remove the battery with the lumbar pad in the highest position). Push the battery removal tool into the slot at the top of rechargeable battery until the tool clicks into position. Pull the removal tool and the rechargeable battery out of the power module. Inspection of SCBA Page 3  Task Training Guide Book 5 Section 4 Effective Date: 03/2018 Revision Date: 03/2024 Ensure there is no water, dirt or debris on the power module or battery connection, inspect the pins and grooves for damage, and confirm the presence of the rubber o-ring on the battery. Install the fully charged battery into the power module by pushing on the top of the battery until it clicks into position. The power module will turn on when the new battery is installed. Confirm proper level of newly installed battery. Turn off by pressing the reset button twice within 1 second. Ensure there is no water or debris on the battery connection or the charging station connectors. Install the battery into the charging station. Monitor the charging indicator, flashing red or no led illuminating indicates a battery service issue and should be reported to cascade. Cylinder Replacement Procedure If not closed, fully close the cylinder valve by turning the knob clockwise until it stops Bleed off all residual pressure in the system via the torque indicating bypass valve Uncouple the high-pressure connection from the cylinder valve Release the cylinder restraint strap and remove the cylinder from the dove tail connection Replace with a fully charged cylinder. Slide the top of the cylinder upward under the cylinder restraint strap. Engage the cylinder in the dovetail connection at the bottom of the backframe. Inspect the o-ring in the threaded high pressure connection. Align the coupling with the cylinder valve threads and hand tighten the coupling to the cylinder valve. Confirm the proper size adjustment and lock the cylinder restraint strap. Cleaning and Disinfecting Carefully clean using a mild detergent and water solution. If necessary, submerge the facepiece in the solution and exercise exhalation valve by pressing the white stem underneath the nose cup. Ensure it is fully rinsed and air dry out of direct sunlight. To disinfect the facepiece, use the same procedure utilizing the MSA Confidence Plus II solution at proper dilution. Clean the back frame/harness assembly, hoses, cylinder, and remaining components utilizing a mild detergent/soap solution and soft sponge or cloth. Let it air dry out of direct sunlight. Red Tag SCBA Service Request Procedures If at any time during the visual inspection or functional check of the SCBA or cylinder, damage or malfunctions are found, the SCBA or cylinder shall be removed from service and forwarded to the Cascade Room for repairs. This procedure shall be followed for all repair needs. A red Out of Service/Repair Request tag shall be affixed to the unit prior to