Face, Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa Lecture 4 PDF

Module 202 - Theme 2 - Lecture 4 Face, Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa A riddle while you wait: From the dark side of the moon Through a canal and draped in mother Special sense through intersection Lights off to one opens the other Join at slido.com #6991876 Module 202 - Theme 2 - Lecture 4...

Module 202 - Theme 2 - Lecture 4 Face, Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa A riddle while you wait: From the dark side of the moon Through a canal and draped in mother Special sense through intersection Lights off to one opens the other Join at slido.com #6991876 Module 202 - Theme 2 - Lecture 4 Face, Temporal and Infratemporal Fossa Dominic O’Brien MSc, FHEA, PGCert Pronouns: he/she/they Lecturer in Anatomy D.O’[email protected] Join at slido.com #6991876 Join at slido.com #6991876 ⓘ Click Present with Slido or install our Chrome extension to display joining instructions for participants while presenting. Previously on Module 202… Which of the conchae in the nasal cavity does not arise from the ethmoid bone? ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. Previously on Module 202… Which of the conchae in the nasal cavity does not arise from the ethmoid bone? A. Inferior B. Intermediate C. Lateral D. Middle E. Superior The mandibular nerve (CN V3) exits through which cranial foramen to enter the infratemporal fossa? ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. Previously on Module 202… The mandibular nerve (CN V3) exits through which cranial foramen to enter the infratemporal fossa? A. Cribriform plate B. Lacerum C. Magnum D. Ovale E. Spinosum Outcomes Identify the neurovascular supply and main muscles of the face - Specifically the sensory and motor innervation to the face from cranial nerves V and VII Describe the anatomy of the parotid gland Locate and understand the actions of the muscles of mastication and their nerve supply from cranial nerve V Describe the temporal and infratemporal fossa along with their arterial supply and venous drainage The Face The anterior aspect of the head Provides our identity as a human being Face shape is formed by underlying bones Important role in communication - Facial expressions - Upwards of 70% of communication is said to be nonverbal Muscles of Facial Expression Muscles responsible for: - Closing the eye - Closing the mouth - Conveying mood Key muscles: Occipitofrontalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Zygomaticus major Buccinator Platysma Quiz Which of the labels correctly identifies the orbicularis oris muscle? A B C D E Which of the labels correctly identifies the orbicularis oris muscle? ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. Quiz Which of the labels correctly identifies the orbicularis oris muscle? A B C D E Audience Q&A Session ⓘ Click Present with Slido or install our Chrome extension to show live Q&A while presenting. Muscles of Facial Expression Occipitofrontalis - Elevates eyebrows Orbicularis oculi - Closes eyelids Orbicularis oris - Closes mouth Zygomaticus major - Elevates labial commissure Buccinator - Compresses cheek Platysma - Depresses mandible against resistance, tenses fascia of neck. Muscles of Facial Expression Situated subcutaneously Attach from bone or fascia to skin - The only group of muscles to insert onto the skin They do not have traditional muscle to tendon transition Innervation of Face Cutaneous innervation by the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) All muscles of facial expression supplied by the Facial Nerve (CN VII) The Trigeminal Nerve - CN V Somatic (general sensory) and somatic motor nerve Three divisions - Ophthalmic, V1 - Exits via superior orbital fissure - Maxillary, V2 - - Exits via foramen rotundum Mandibular, V3 - Exits via foramen ovale Ophthalmic Nerve - CN V1 Sensory fibres supplying: - Skin - Mucous membranes - Conjunctiva - Front of head - Nose Exits via superior orbital fissure Branches into: - Lacrimal Frontal - Nasociliary - Tested through the “corneal blink reflex” Maxillary Nerve - CN V2 Sensory supply to: - Dura - Upper cheek Teeth - Nasal cavity - Lip Exits through the foramen rotundum Enters pterygopalatine fossa, gives off branches to pterygopalatine ganglion (*) through inferior orbital fissure Branches into: - Infraorbital - Superior alveolar - Zygomatic * Mandibular Nerve - CN V3 Mixed sensory and motor supply - Sensory to lower face, lip and teeth - Motor to muscles of mastication Exits via foramen ovale Branches into: - Sensory - Auriculotemporal - Buccal - Lingual - Inferior alveolar - Mental - Motor - Temporalis - Masseter - Medial and lateral pterygoids - Nerve to mylohyoid Muscles of Mastication Muscles that facilitate chewing Temporalis - Elevation, retraction Masseter - Elevation Medial Pterygoid - Elevation, side to side Lateral Pterygoid - Protrusion and depression Supplied by motor branch of V3 (Mandibular) Which division of the trigeminal nerve gives sensory innervation to the tongue? ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. Quiz Which division of the trigeminal nerve gives sensory innervation to the tongue? A. B. C. D. E. Mandibular Maxillary Ophthalmic Optic Zygomatic Audience Q&A Session ⓘ Click Present with Slido or install our Chrome extension to show live Q&A while presenting. Temporal Fossa Fan shaped space on the lateral surface of the skull Contains: - The temporalis muscle - Branches of CN V2 Infratemporal Fossa Located Inferiorly to the temporal fossa Contains: - Medial and lateral pterygoids Maxillary artery CN V3 Branches of facial nerve (CN VII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Pterygoid plexus of veins The Facial Nerve - CN VII Exits via internal acoustic meatus, moves through the facial canal and stylomastoid foramen. Branches into: Motor - Posterior auricular, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical Parasympathetic - Branches to pterygopalatine ganglion Taste (Special sensory) - Via chorda tympani via lingual nerve to anterior two thirds of tongue General sensory - Skin over external auditory meatus The Parotid Gland Largest of the three salivary glands - Parotid, submandibular and sublingual The facial nerve passes through the gland - This can be a common site of injury and makes surgery difficult Releases saliva into the oral cavity at the upper second molar The Vestibulocochlear Nerve - CN VIII Special sensory nerve - Somatic afferent for hearing, equilibrium and motion Exits via internal acoustic meatus Branches into: - Vestibular nerve - Cochlear nerve Which special sense does the facial nerve have involvement in? ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. Quiz Which special sense does the facial nerve have involvement in? A. B. C. D. E. Equilibrium Taste Hearing Olfaction Vision Arterial Supply to the Face Arterial supply from the external carotid artery. Key branches: - Lingual - Facial - Maxillary - Superficial temporal Venous Drainage of the Face The facial vein drains the majority of the face - Begins near the eye - Drains into the internal jugular vein The superficial temporal vein drains into the external jugular vein. Which vein do the external and internal jugular vein drain into? ⓘ Start presenting to display the poll results on this slide. Quiz Which vein do the external and internal jugular vein drain into? A. Axillary vein B. Brachiocephalic vein C. Common jugular vein D. Facial vein E. Subclavian vein Audience Q&A Session ⓘ Click Present with Slido or install our Chrome extension to show live Q&A while presenting. Further Reading Gray’s Anatomy for Students - Ideal for diagrams and explanations McMinn’s and Abraham’s Clinical Atlas of Human Anatomy - Cadaveric image atlas - great DR prep Neuroanatomy - An Illustrated Colour Text - Concise neuroanatomy explanations with great diagrams However, if you have any questions, concerns or feedback, please feel free to get in touch: D.O’[email protected] or you can provide feedback anonymously through Qualtrics Dominic O’Brien - Qualtrics Feedback Survey From the dark side of the moon Through a canal and draped in mother Special sense through intersection Lights off to one opens the other The Optic Nerve