Year 10 Physics Nuclear Physics PDF

Year 10 Physic COLORS s BLACK Nuclear SLIDESMANIA. Physics ...

Year 10 Physic COLORS s BLACK Nuclear SLIDESMANIA. Physics  What’s Success Criteria I can: inside - Interpret the Goal an atomic number and mass of different atom? Describe the structure of an elements COLORS - Contrast atom in terms of BLACK subatomic particles, electrostatic forces, and force and strong isotopes. nuclear force SLIDESMANIA. - Describe the importance of  dy 2 f St u a o Are u c l e Lesson 1 N ➔ Explain nuclear stability with reference to the a r forces in the nucleus including y s i electrostatic COLORS P h forces, the strong BLACK nuclear force and the weak nuclear cs force SLIDESMANIA.  Key Vocabulary Proton Atomic Number Neutron Mass Number Nucleon Electrostatic COLORS BLACK Repulsion Isotope Strong Nuclear Force SLIDESMANIA.  Science Skills Distinguish between opinion and evidence, and Evaluate data to determine the degree between scientific and non-scientific ideas VCE to which the evidence supports the Demonstrate ethical conduct when aim of the investigation, and make Physics Analyse and evaluate physics-related societal recommendations, as appropriate, for undertaking and reporting issues taking into account the influence of investigations Unit 1 - 4 social, economic, legal and political factors modifying or extending the investigation relevant to the selected issue I can analyse current scientific I can explain how the values understanding, including models and I can analyse the relationship and needs of contemporary COLORS theories, and the development of between advances in scientific society can influence the focus these over time through a process of understanding and Level 10: review by the scientific community, technological advances, of scientific research, including BLACK the role of ethics in planning understanding that scientific ideas are considering the ethics principles and conducting scientific contestable and reflect the currently that guide scientific discovery research available evidence I can discuss how advances in I can describe the process of building scientific understanding often I can describe how the values scientific understanding, including rely on developments in and/or needs of society can Level 9: models and theories through a process technology and the ethical influence the focus of scientific SLIDESMANIA. of review by the scientific community considerations in science research research Content 1. Developing Scientific 2. The role of Descripto 3. Science and Society Understanding technology r:  Most things don’t Most of the natural elements in the world are However, sometimes change elements can transform stable; that is, they do not COLORS into other elements. For spontaneously change BLACK example, a rare form of into other elements. For manufactured gold (gold- example, an expensive 194) transforms into gold ring you buy from a platinum (platinum-194). SLIDESMANIA. jewellery shop does not change into an almost After 38 hours have worthless lead or iron ring elapsed, a ring made of  Atoms ➔ The particles in the nucleus are known collectively as nucleons, ➔ Atoms consist of a but there are two tightly packed, different types — positively charged protons and neutrons. centre called the ◆ Protons are positively nucleus, which is charged, neutrons COLORS surrounded by a ‘cloud’ are chargeless of negatively charged BLACK ◆ Both protons and electrons. neutrons about 2000 times heavier than the electrons that SLIDESMANIA. surround the nucleus  Atomic ➔ This continues up to element 92 (uranium), Number the heaviest naturally ➔ The number of protons occurring element. in the nucleus determines the ➔ A number of elements chemical properties of with more protons in the the atom and so nucleus have been artificially produced in COLORS uniquely defines each element. recent years. They are BLACK ➔ Scientists name atoms all unstable and are according to the usually only made in number of protons in special circumstances – SLIDESMANIA. the nucleus, known as in high-energy particle their atomic number. accelerators in physics ➔ A substance consisting laboratories, in nuclear  Isotopes ➔ Not all atoms of the same element (and therefore having the same number of How many protons, protons) have the neutrons, and nucleons in COLORS same number of the following? neutrons. BLACK ➔ These different forms of an element are called isotopes and SLIDESMANIA. scientists differentiate isotopes using mass  Isotopes ➔ Not all atoms of the same element (and therefore having the same number of How many protons, protons) have the neutrons, and nucleons in COLORS same number of the following? neutrons. BLACK ➔ These different forms of an element are called isotopes and SLIDESMANIA. scientists differentiate isotopes using mass  Isotopes ➔ Not all atoms of the same element (and therefore having the same number of How many protons, protons) have the neutrons, and nucleons in COLORS same number of the following? neutrons. BLACK ➔ These different forms of an element are called isotopes and SLIDESMANIA. scientists differentiate isotopes using mass  Isotopes ➔ Not all atoms of the same element (and therefore having the same number of How many protons, protons) have the neutrons, and nucleons in COLORS same number of the following? neutrons. BLACK ➔ These different forms of an element are called isotopes and SLIDESMANIA. scientists differentiate isotopes using mass  Atomic ➔ Electrostatic repulsion exists between like charges, such as protons Forces ➔ The force that holds electrons around a in the nucleus. ➔ But in the nucleus protons nucleus is called an are so close to each other electrostatic force. that the force of repulsion Electrostatic forces is overcome by an even increase as charges stronger force — the COLORS move closer together. strong nuclear force. BLACK ➔ Electrostatic attraction exists between unlike charges (like protons and electrons). SLIDESMANIA.  Strong ➔ It can only act over incredibly small distances only (10–15 m). Nuclear ➔ Inside a nucleus, the nucleons are close enough Force ➔ This is an attractive force binding the protons and that the pull of the strong nuclear force is much greater than the push of neutrons in the nucleus the electrostatic repulsion COLORS of an atom. between protons, and BLACK therefore the nucleus remains intact. SLIDESMANIA.  Radioactiv ➔ Though the strong nuclear force acts over very short distances only, the e isotopes electromagnetic force continues to act with ➔ Isotopes that contain decreasing strength as the unstable nuclei are distance between charged called radioisotopes. particles increases. COLORS ➔ Unstable isotopes can ➔ In a large nucleus, the net emit various types of effect of all the protons in BLACK radiations. the nucleus results in an electrostatic repulsion on some protons greater than the strong force holding SLIDESMANIA. those protons in the Medical images created using nucleus. This nucleus is radioisotopes unstable and cannot  Radioactiv e isotopes ➔ This graph shows the number of neutrons versus the number of COLORS protons in various BLACK isotopes up to the element mercury (200/80) Hg. ➔ The stable nuclei are in SLIDESMANIA. the blue band, which is known as the belt of stability (also known as  Radioactiv e isotopes ➔ The ratio of neutrons to protons increases up the band of stability as COLORS more neutrons are BLACK needed in the nucleus to maintain nuclear stability due to the competing SLIDESMANIA. electrostatic forces and the strong nuclear  Radioactiv e isotopes ➔ In order to become more stable, the nucleus in a COLORS radioisotope emits BLACK different types of nuclear radiation that increase the stability of SLIDESMANIA. the nucleus. ➔ Isotopes of elements outside of the belt of  Choose your Goldilocks ★ Choose the level that’s not too easy and not too hard. It’s ok questions Discov I need to to start on one level and then step up if it’s not a challenge er practice or step down if you need to build your confidence some more. Develo I’m starting to ★ In your book note which level p get it you’re trying and write out the question and the answer, as Deepe I’m ready for a well as working out. n challenge ★ REMEMBER: you must write the equation and full substitution as well as the answer for full SLIDESMANIA. marks. COLORS  Your Turn Question 1 How many protons are there in the nucleus of the atom shown in Figure 3A–2? What element does this correspond to? Discover Develop Question 2 Uranium-235 has 92 protons in the nucleus. The number of neutrons in the nucleus is Deepen Question 3 Draw a venn diagram to compare isotopes and radioisotopes. SLIDESMANIA. COLORS  Your Turn Question 1 Explain how nucleons are held together in the nucleus. Question 2 Explain why it is possible to have two different elements with the same number of nucleons. Discover Question 3 Compare isotopes and radioisotopes. Develop Deepen SLIDESMANIA. COLORS  Your Turn Question 1 The existence of nuclei larger than a single proton depends on forces holding neutrons and protons together. Describe the nature of this force. Discover Question 2 a. What is the neutron/proton ratio range for an element to be in the belt of stability? b. What is the ratio of Uranium-235 (which has 92 protons)? Is Uranium- 235 stable? Develop Question 3 Explain why the electrostatic force has more influence as nuclei get bigger and contain more protons and neutrons. Deepen SLIDESMANIA. COLORS  Review Connect Extend Challenge COLORS How does the content from this What new information have you What’s still challenging about this? lesson connect to something you learnt? How has your Or what do you want to know more BLACK already know? understanding been extended? about? SLIDESMANIA.