2024 Lecture 30 Reward Circuit Notes PDF

Lecture 30: The Reward Circuit Kristen Bushell, Ph.D. NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 2 Goal-Directed Behavior Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Short Term Goal Intermediate Goal Long Term Goal Action s...

Lecture 30: The Reward Circuit Kristen Bushell, Ph.D. NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 2 Goal-Directed Behavior Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Short Term Goal Intermediate Goal Long Term Goal Action selection  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 3 Motivational Drives can be Internal or External Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 4 What Motivates Behavior? Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Curr Top Behav Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 December 01.  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 5 Associative Learning: Classical Conditioning (Also called Pavlovian conditioning) Stimulus Outcome Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Stimulus See Starbucks Outcome Seek Stimulus Get feedback “Positive” (Positive) See Skunk Avoid Stimulus Get feedback “Negative” (Negative)  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 6 The Amygdala Recall: The amygdala is important for emotional learning Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here in classical conditioning experiments.  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 7 Associative Learning: Instrumental Conditioning Behavior Outcome Boston Action Perform University Slideshow Title Goes Here action Outcome Abandon action Get feedback “Negative” (Negative) Perform action Repeat action “Positive” Get feedback (Positive)  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 8 Paradigm for Studying Reinforcement Learning in Animals Reinforcement Learning Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Positive Reinforcement = Increase Pressing Lever press 1 Reward Negative Reinforcement = Decrease Pressing Lever press 2 No Reward  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 9 Reinforcement Learning by Self Stimulation From studies of electrical stimulation of theBoston brain by James University SlideshowOlds & Here Title Goes Peter Milner in 1950s: Reward Circuit NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 10 Dopaminergic Neurons Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 11 The Brain Regions of the Reward Circuit Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) neuron cell bodies that release DA in: Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) also called ventral striatum amygdala hippocampus prefrontal cortex VTA The Mesolimbic DA pathway Golan, D. E. Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy; Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 12 A Reward is a positive reinforcing stimulus that the brain interprets to be intrinsically positive (useful to survival). This increases the chance that the associated behavior will be Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here repeated.  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 13 Activation of Reward Circuit Releases DA in the NAc How do University Boston we know? Slideshow Title Goes Here All known abused substances release DA – different mechanisms  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 14 First, Some Background on Raster Plots Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Peri-event time histogram Raster Plot -1 Time 1 2… Event (Time 0)  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 15 Wolfram Schultz and “Reward Prediction Error” Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Bear, M. F.; Connors, B. W.; Paradiso, M. A. Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain; Wolters Kluwer, 2016. NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 16 Dopamine is Not Required to Feel Pleasure DOPAMINE Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here PLEASURE Pleasure Disgust NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 17 Revisions to the role of DA in Reward Circuit Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Reinforcement Learning Hypothesis: Phasic bursts of dopamine to unpredicted rewards and cues modify future actions NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 18 Drugs Hijack the System § The mesolimbic dopamine signal represents Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here § Abused substances, by different mechanisms, generate a § As a consequence, behavior becomes  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 19 Reward Circuit Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here - GABA iMSNs (disinhibit DA) + opioids VTA NAc  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 20 Abused Substances Hijack DA Signaling in NAc Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here - GABA (disinhibit DA) + DA + opioids + DA iMSNs NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 21 All Drugs of Abuse Affect DA Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Many abused drugs cause release of DA from VTA onto nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex PFC. They do so by different mechanisms: Directly: Indirectly: NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 22 Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Modified from US Department of Health and Human Services General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health, 2016.  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 23 Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Hilal-Dandan, R.; Knollman, B.; Brunton, L. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 13th Edition; McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. Nutt, D.; King, L. A.; Saulsbury, W.; Blakemore, C. The Lancet. 369 (9566): 1047–1053. (2007).  NE 101: Introduction to Neuroscience 24 In 2010, about 5% of adults (230 million) used an illicit substance Boston University Slideshow Title Goes Here Nutt DJ, King LA, Phillips LD (November 2010). Lancet. 376 (9752): 1558–1565.