PACS & RIS & HIS 2023 PDF

PACS & RIS & HIS DEFINITION PACS in Medicine is; a medical Imaging Technology used for storing, retrieving, presenting and sharing images produced by various medical imaging modalities such a x ray, CT scan , MRI and Ultrasound. Furthermore, digitally transmit electronic images and clinically-rel...

PACS & RIS & HIS DEFINITION PACS in Medicine is; a medical Imaging Technology used for storing, retrieving, presenting and sharing images produced by various medical imaging modalities such a x ray, CT scan , MRI and Ultrasound. Furthermore, digitally transmit electronic images and clinically-relevant reports P - Picture: the digital medical image(s) A - Archiving: the “electronic” storage of the images C - Communication: the routing (retrieval/sending) and displaying of the images S - System: the specialized computer network that manages the complete system PACS Fundamental Parts - Digital acquisition devices: are the sources of the images. CT, MRI, US, Digital angiography, fluoroscopy & mammography - The Network: ties the PACS components together - Database server: high speed and robust central computer to process information - Archival server: responsible for storing images. A server enables short term (fast retrieval) and long term (slower retrieval) storage - Radiology Information System (RIS): system that maintains patient demographics, scheduling, billing information and interpretations - Workstation or soft copy display: contains the software and hardware to access the PACS. Replaces the standard light box or view box Film-based acquisition and archiving (hard-copy film and document storage) & Digital acquisition and archiving (soft-copy storage) - WHY DO WE NEED PACS ? Simultaneous access to previous image data Simultaneous review by multiple physicians and radiologists Rapid transfer of information Overcome the limitations of film-based systems - LIMITATIONS OF FILM BASED SYSTEM : Space, Man power, Cost, Simultaneous access, Inability for rapid retrieval & Chances of losing ADVANTAGES OF PACS: • Elimination of less efficient traditional film libraries and their inherent problem of physical space requirements for hard-copy images • Convenient search for and retrieval of images • Rapid (electronic) transfer of images within the hospital • Ease in consulting outside specialists via teleradiology • Simultaneous viewing of images at multiple locations • Elimination of misplaced, damaged, or missing films (hard-copy-replacements) • Increase in efficiency of reporting exams with soft-copy images DIS-ADVANTAGES OF PACS: - Cost “ expensive project “ - Additional training is needed on PACS software - Computer engineer availability required, to serve daily faults and problems - Workstation limits Viewing digital images a little slower than routine x-ray films - Black and white computer monitors not as bright as traditional x-ray view boxes. - Confidentiality can be problem PACS Image Format/Communications; - PACS can accept any image that is in digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format “DIGITAL IMAING and COMPUTERS in MEDICINE” - DICOM is universally accepted industry standard for transferring radiologic images and their medical details between computers - HL7 (Health Care Level 7); is a communication standard for textual information - A vendor neutral archive (VNA) is a technology that stores medical images in a standard format and interface - The trademark of VNAs is exchanging image information from various PACS regardless of the vendor; by comparison, PACS do not exchange data with each other well Major Components of workflow to radiology practices - RIS (Radiology Information Systems) - HIS (Hospital Information Systems) - PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) - VNA( Vendor Neutral Archival ) RADIOLOGY INFORMATION SYSTEM (RIS) - It drives the workflow and transfer of information across the department - It deals with nonimage text based computing functions such as scheduling of an appointment, generation of worklist, order tracking, billing and reporting - RIS has several basic functions: Patient management Scheduling Patient tracking Results reporting Image tracking Integration of PACS & RIS & HIS -The PACS should be integrated with; Radiology Information System (RIS) or the Hospital Information System (HIS). WHY ! Why to Choose an Integrated RIS-PACS-Workflow Solution 1- Increased efficiency and productivity -Minimizes Radiologist’s effort -Enables seamless and appropriate case assignment -Ensures optimal report throughput 2- Prevent timeout & errors - Viewer and the reporting screen are launched with a single click 3- Collaborating for image sharing - Multi site, Multi radiologist’s collaboration - Quick discussions over findings that needs expert opinion - Increased patient satisfaction 4- Easier retrieval for interesting cases - Great tool for case reference and educational purpose Archive Servers - It is the file room of the PACS “central part” - Composed of; - database server or image manager - short-term and long-term storage - workflow manager - Patient demographics examinations the patient has had since the PACS was installed - To direct copies of the images to local storage as required Display Workstations - Are used inside and outside of radiology - They receive images from the archive & various radiology modalities - The display workstation has PACS application software that allows the user to perform minor image-manipulation techniques to optimize the image being viewed Display monitors -The cathode ray tube (CRT) & the liquid crystal display (LCD) are the most popular types of monitors in a radiology department. CRT LCD CRT VS LCD Advantages of LCD monitors are: a. Thin and light weight b. Less power consumption c. Brightness of display d. Flat surface e. Aspect ratio is maintained. Disadvantage of LCD monitor: It has narrow viewing angle than CRT monitors. Viewing display requirements - Mammography requires a 5K or 5-megapixel resolution to provide the viewing capacity needed - 2K monitor is used for CR and DR readings - 1K monitor is sufficient to view the images by a referring physician Navigation Functions - Are used to move through images, series, studies, and patients & The worklist is used to navigate through patients.