September Monthly Magazine 2023 PDF

SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected]...

SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:1  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:2  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 28. Nagorno-Karabakh region.................... 44 September Magazine 29. Multipolar world.................................... 45 Polity and Governance 30. Nepal-China agreement....................... 47 1. One nation, one election............................6 31. End of old multilateralism..................... 48 2. NCERT gets deemed-to-be university 32. Balochistan province of Pakistan......... 50 status.................................................................7 33. 9 dash line by China in South China sea 3. Name of our country: India and Bharat.....9 51 4. 6 years of Privacy judgement of the SC..10 Economy and Infrastructure 5. National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) portal 13 34. GDP growth of 7.8% in Q1................... 55 Ayushman Diwas.............................................13 35. Service charge..................................... 55 6. Kokborok language..................................13 36. National Common Mobility Card.......... 56 7. Election Commissioners Bill, 2023..........14 37. Global Biofuels Alliance....................... 56 8. Vishwakarma Yojana...............................16 38. Sovereign Gold Bond scheme............. 57 9. Women Reservation bill...........................17 39. Falling production of Cotton................. 58 10. Word ‘Secularism’ and ‘Socialism’ in 40. Tax havens........................................... 61 Preamble.........................................................19 41. Bima Sugam Portal.............................. 62 11. Cauvery water dispute.........................22 42. Economic impact of India-Canada 12. Issues about Privilege to legislators....23 strained ties..................................................... 63 13. Provisions of Nari Shakti Vandan 43. US Fed keeping interest rates unchanged Adhiniyam 2023...............................................25 64 14. Aadhaar biometrics and its reliability...25 44. MSME not linked with e-commerce platform face threat......................................... 64 15. Substantial imitation or Passing off......26 45. Brent Crude.......................................... 66 16. Personality rights..................................27 46. Father of Green Revolution.................. 66 17. POCSO Act..........................................28 47. PM-WANI Scheme............................... 69 International Relations 48. ‘Sankalp Saptah’.................................. 70 18. Military coup in Gabon.........................30 19. Tibetan Democracy Day.......................31 Science and Technology 20. ASEAN and East Asia Summit............33 21. Myanmar barred from leading ASEAN in 49. LIGO-India............................................ 72 2026 33 50. Aditya L-1 launch................................. 73 22. 100 years of Interpol............................34 51. Kuiper belt and Earth Like Planet........ 74 23. G20 summit..........................................35 52. Use of AI to prevent Elephant train 24. G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration...37 collision............................................................ 74 25. India-Middle East-Europe mega 53. Genetic engineering to control economic corridor............................................39 Mosquitoes...................................................... 75 26. Importance of Saudi Arabia for India...40 54. OSIRIS-REX......................................... 76 27. India-Canada relations strained...........41 55. Psyche mission.................................... 77 SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:3  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 56. Biohacking............................................77 80. Hindi Diwas........................................ 105 57. Nipah Virus...........................................78 81. Architecture of the new Parliament 58. The basmati success story..................79 building.......................................................... 107 59. Global Innovation Index 2023..............80 82. Santiniketan and Hoysala temples on UNESCO World Heritage List....................... 108 83. Rwanda genocide.............................. 111 Environment 84. Adi Shankaracharya........................... 114 60. Example of Community Conservation of 85. Tilak and Ganesh Chaturthi............... 115 Wildlife.............................................................82 86. Bhagat Singh...................................... 116 61. IPBES Invasive Alien Species 87. Charaideo Maidams........................... 119 Assessment.....................................................82 Assam Issues 62. Three Climate related records broken in 2023 84 88. Assam government consults ILO....... 120 63. One Sun, One World, One Grid 89. Abhiruchi Sports Day......................... 120 (OSOWOG) Initiative.......................................85 90. Assam best in implementation of PM 64. Pollution tax proposed on Diesel vehicles SVANIDHI..................................................... 121 85 91. UPI and CBDC interoperability.......... 121 65. World Ozone Day 2023........................86 92. No conclusive outcome of NRC so far 66. Eco sensitive Zones.............................89 123 67. World Rhino Day..................................89 93. Amrit Brikshya Andolan...................... 124 68. IUCN.....................................................90 94. PepsiCo to invest Rs 778 cr.............. 124 69. Bioremediation.....................................91 95. Bhupen Hazarika................................ 125 Ethics and Integrity 96. CAG flags lapses in Moitri.................. 126 70. Quote: ‘The destiny of India is now being 97. Prof Maheswar Neog......................... 126 shaped in her classrooms’ 93 98. The Assam Panchayat (Amendment) Bill, 2023 127 71. ‘The heaviest penalty for declining to rule is to be ruled by someone inferior’..................94 99. Amrit Brikshya Andolan-Guiness record 127 72. Suicides................................................95 Prelims Specific 73. Ethics in Sports....................................96 Geography and Disaster Management 100. Biswanath Ghat.................................. 128 101. Problem of erosion in Assam............. 128 74. Earthquake in Morocco........................98 102. Magsaysay award to Assam Oncologist History, Art & Culture And Indian Society 129 75. Onam and Pulikkali............................100 103. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar awards..... 129 76. Indo-Pak war of 1965.........................100 104. International Organisation of Legal 77. Shiva Nataraja mudra........................103 Metrology....................................................... 130 78. Cheriyal scroll painting.......................104 105. Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance.......... 130 79. 75 years of Operation Polo................104 106. Mithun gets a ‘food animal’ tag.......... 131 SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:4  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 107. ‘The opposite of poverty is not wealth, but justice’............................................................132 108. Norman Borlaug award......................134 109. Waheeda Rehman for Dadasaheb Phalke award.................................................134 110. Mukhyamantri Atmanirbhar Asom Scheme.........................................................135 111. How do airports get codes?...............136 112. Sycamore Gap tree cut down............136 Practice Questions ………………141 SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:5  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Polity and Governance Analysis 1. One nation, one election Advantages (as per Report of Parliamentary GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims Standing Committee, 2015): "Youtube: DNA 2.9.2023" Simultaneous polls will reduce enormous costs involved in separate elections. What is one Nation one election or The system will help ruling parties focus on simultaneous election concept? governance instead of being constantly in The idea of “One Nation, One Election” election mode. envisages a system where elections to all Simultaneous polls will boost voter turnout, states and the Lok Sabha will have to be according to the Law Commission. held simultaneously. The policy paralysis that results from the Currently, elections to the state assemblies imposition of the Model Code of Conduct and the Lok Sabha are held separately. (MCC) during election time. Disadvantages: National and state issues are different, and holding simultaneous elections is likely to affect the judgment of voters. Since elections will be held once in five years, it will reduce the government's accountability to the people. Impractical in long run because the cycle will break again. Idea of returning to simultaneous elections: Historical developments Election Commission's annual report in 1983 Simultaneous elections were the norm until Law Commission's Report in 1999 1967. NITI Aayog prepared a working paper on the But following premature dissolution of some subject in 2017 Legislative Assemblies in 1968 and 1969 and that of the Lok Sabha in December 1970, elections to State Assemblies and Parliament have been held separately. Current developments The government has constituted a committee headed by former President of India Ram Nath Kovind to explore the possibility of “one nation, one election”. Assembly polls are due in five states in November-December of 2023 and they will be followed by the Lok Sabha elections in May- June next year. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:6  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 However, the recent moves by the government To pass No Confidence Motion the Opposition have thrown open the possibility of needs to prove that the government doesn't have advancing the general elections and some support of Majority on the floor. state polls, which are scheduled after and with the Lok Sabha contest. Concept of “Constructive vote for no confidence” motion Implementation challenge In this system the Opposition will have to Article 83(2) of the Constitution provides for a prove 2 things- normal term of five years for the House of 1. The government doesn’t enjoy majority on People (Lok Sabha). the floor of Assembly Article 172 (1) provides for similar tenure for 2. The Opposition enjoys the majority. State Legislative Assembly from the date of Benefit of the system- its first sitting. 1. No midterm election required But if the LS or Legislative Assembly 2. The opposition party forms the dissolves prematurely, the cycle will break. government. Simultaneous Election can be implemented if This is followed in Germany, Spain, Hungary, we follow “concept of constructive vote for Israel. no confidence” motion If India adopts this system of no confidence motion then only Simultaneous election in long term is possible. Mains Practice Question Q. Examine whether simultaneous elections are better than frequent elections? Discuss what are various challenges for conducting simultaneous elections in India. 2. NCERT gets deemed-to-be Note- university status There is no mention of a no-confidence GS paper II-Governance Prelims motion in the constitution. "Youtube: DNA 2.9.2023" Article 75(3) of our Constitution of India embodies this rule by specifying that Council NCERT (National Council of Educational of Ministers is collectively responsible to Research and Training) Lok Sabha. The NCERT is an autonomous organisation The Rule 198 of Rules of Procedure and set up in 1961 by the Government of India, Conduct of Business of Lok Sabha provides under the Societies Registration Act 1860. mechanism for testing this collective Important roles played by NCERT responsibility. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:7  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Assist and advise the Central and State Governments on policies and programmes for qualitative improvement in school education. Implementation agency for bilateral cultural exchange programmes with other countries in the field of school education. Undertake, promote and coordinate research in areas related to school education; Prepare and publish model textbooks, supplementary material, etc. For example, Jadui Pitara - a play-based learning- teaching material tailored for children between the age group of 3 and 8 years developed by NCERT. Current news? NCERT has been granted the deemed-to-be- university status by the Ministry of Education. Deemed-to-be university A deemed university or deemed-to-be- university is an accreditation granted to Prelims Practice Question higher educational institutions (HEIs) in Which of the following statements are correct India. about Jadui Pitara? According to the Ministry of Education, a HEI 1. Jaadui Pitara aims to enhance the learning- (other than universities) that works at a very teaching environment and make it more high standard in a specific field of study might child-centric, lively and joyful for the ‘Amrit be designated as a 'Deemed-to-be- Generation’ of the country. university' by the Central Government on 2. It has been prepared by UGC. the advice of the UGC. a. 1 only Currently, the UGC lists ~130 institutes that b. 2 only have been given deemed university status. c. Both According to this list, the first institute to be d. None given deemed university status was the Indian Institute of Science in 1958 and Tamil Nadu has the most deemed universities (28). SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:8  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 3. Name of our country: India Puranic literature, and to the epic Mahabharata. and Bharat The Puranas describe Bharata as the GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims land between the “sea in the south and "Youtube: DNA 6.9.2023" the abode of snow in the north”. 2. Social justification Current context Social scientist Catherine Clémentin- There is speculation of an official change in Ojha explained ‘Bharata’ refers to the the name of the country from India to Bharat. “supraregional and subcontinental Why such speculation? territory where the Brahmanical system An official invitation to a G20 delegates for of society prevails. dinner read- to be hosted by “The President 3. Legends of Bharat” instead of the usual “President of Bharata is also the name of the ancient India”. king of legend who was the ancestor of the Rig Vedic tribe. Considered as the progenitor of all peoples of the subcontinent. What our constitution says? Article 1 of the Constitution uses the two Where does the name ‘India’ and names interchangeably: “India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.” ‘Hindustan’ come from? The name Hindustan is thought to have Several names such as Reserve Bank of derived from ‘Hindu’, the Persian cognate India and the Indian Railways already have form of the Sanskrit ‘Sindhu’ (Indus). Hindi variants with “Bharatiya” in them. The Achaemenids used the term to identify In June 2020, a PIL was filed in the Supreme the lower Indus basin, and from around the Court seeking to remove “India” from the first century of the Christian era, the suffix Constitution and retain only Bharat in order to “stan” came to be used with the name to “ensure the citizens of this country…get over create “Hindustan”. the colonial past”. The Greeks, who had acquired knowledge of SC rejected the petition claiming-“India is ‘Hind’ from the Achaemenids, transliterated already called Bharat in the Constitution the name as ‘Indus’. itself.” By the time the Macedonian king Alexander invaded India in the 3rd century BC, ‘India’ Where does the name ‘Bharat’ come from? had come to be identified with the region. Different justifications- By the time of the early Mughals (16th century), 1. Geographical justification the name ‘Hindustan’ was used to describe the The roots of “Bharat”, “Bharata”, or entire Indo-Gangetic plain. “Bharatvarsha” are traced back to SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:9  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 From the late 18th century onwards, British maps increasingly began to use the name ‘India’, and ‘Hindustan’ started to lose its association. 4. 6 years of Privacy judgement of the SC GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims "Youtube: DNA 14.9.2023" Background Article 21 of the constitution No person should be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure by law. Right to life guaranteed against State’s action (in case of violation of such rights by private individuals aggrieved party should seek remedy under general law). Article 21 has been interpreted several times by the Supreme Court. How did ‘Bharat’ and ‘India’ come into the Constitution? In his Book ‘Discovery of India’, Nehru referred to “India”, “Bharata” and “Hindustan”. But when the question of naming India in the Constitution arose, ‘Hindustan’ was dropped, and both ‘Bharat’ and ‘India’ were retained. But some members of the constituent assembly wanted name Bharat only, since Article 21- Right to Life is enforced against India reflects colonial legacy. Private individuals too- Hargovind Pant, who represented the hill The judgement by the Supreme Court on districts of the United Provinces, made it clear January 3, 2023, in writ petition Kaushal that the people of Northern India “wanted Kishor vs. The State Of Uttar Pradesh Govt. Bharatvarsha and nothing else”. and Ors. With the special leave petition ruled that the rights guaranteed under Article 19(1) and Article 21 can be enforced against private individuals and not only against the state. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:10  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Article 21 of the constitution- Article 21 of the constitution- Interpretations Interpretations AK Gopalan Case (1950) Francis vs. Union Territory of Delhi (1981) Art 21-No person should be deprived of life Art 21-No person should be deprived of life or or personal liberty except according to personal liberty except according to procedure procedure by law. by law. Court’s view SC said British concept of Procedure established by Right to life would include, right to life with law rather than the American ‘due process’. dignity. Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India Case (1978) Debate over the ‘Life’ This case overturned the Gopalan case Mere survival, animal like existence judgement. Or meaningful life with dignity The court also held that a law that comes under Article 21 must not be unfair, unreasonable or arbitrary (principle of due process of law). Debate over the term procedure by law Procedure Established by law “Procedure Established by Law” is a principle that is primarily associated with legal systems based on common law, including India. In countries following this principle, the Article 21 of the constitution- government enacts laws, and individuals Interpretations must comply with those laws. Using the idea that Art 21 does not mean Due Process of Law right to life just as mere survival but a Due process of law doctrine not only checks dignified life, SC expanded the ambit of Art if there is a law to deprive the life and 21. personal liberty of a person but also sees if the It included- law made is fair, just, and not arbitrary. Right to meaningful livelihood (Olga Telli Difference between due process of law and case 1986) procedure established by law Right against pollution-free water and air Protection of cultural heritage Right to pollution-free water and air Right of every child to a full development Right against custodial death Right against delayed execution Right to go abroad Right to shelter Right to privacy - (KS Puttaswamy judgment 2017) SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:11  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Supreme Court of India recognized right to privacy a fundamental right within the “right to life”(Article 21) provision of India’s Constitution. SC elaborated informational privacy as part of Right to privacy. Article 21 of the constitution- Interpretations Evolution of Right to Privacy since Puttaswamy Judgement 1. Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018) It decriminalised all sexual relations between consenting adults, including adults of the same sex (Homosexuals). 2. Right of Adults to Marry Across Religions and Caste (Hadiya Case) Q. Explain the how Article 21 of the constitution 3. Joseph Shine v. Union of India case (2018) intricately links ‘Right to life and personal It decriminalised adultery on the grounds of liberty’ with dignity. 10 marks 150 words defending sexual liberty and privacy, as Hints well as excessive state intrusion in people' Article 21 of the Indian Constitution states that married lives. “No person shall be deprived of his life or The Court Said-Adultery will continue to personal liberty except according to the remain ‘social crime’. procedure established by law”. Through successive SC judgements the ambit of Art 21 has been expanded. Most important interpretation of Art 21 by SC in Francis vs. Union Territory of Delhi (1981). Francis vs. Union Territory of Delhi (1981) Right to life would include, right to life with dignity. Not mere animal survival Explain how the word dignity was used to further expand ambit of art 21- Right to meaningful livelihood(Olga Telli case 1986) Right against pollution-free water and air Protection of cultural heritage Right to pollution-free water and air Right of every child to a full development Right against custodial death Right against delayed execution 4. Common Cause vs Union of India (2018) Right to go abroad The Court also examined the role of privacy in Right to shelter the context of end-of-life care and reaffirmed Right to privacy (KS Puttaswamy judgment the right to die with dignity. 2017) 5. Digital Personal Data Protection Act Recently enacted. In 2017 in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India, a landmark case in which the SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:12  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 5. National Judicial Data Grid Current news? (NJDG) portal GS Paper II-Governance Prelims "Youtube: DNA 15.9.2023" Current news? Recently, the Chief Justice of India announced the onboarding of the Supreme Court on the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) in open court. National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) portal National Health Authority (NHA) The NJDG portal is a national repository of NHA has been set-up to implement PM-JAY, data relating to cases instituted, pending and as it is popularly known, at the national level. disposed of by the courts across the country. An attached office of the Ministry of Health In this portal, one may access case-related and Family Welfare with full functional information, statistics such as institution, autonomy. pendency, and disposal of cases. It is headed by a Chief Executive Officer The entire database will be periodically (CEO), an officer of the rank of Secretary to updated on the NJDG portal. the Government of India, who manages its NJDG works as a monitoring tool to identify, affairs. manage, & reduce the pendency of cases. Which of the following statement regarding National Health Authority (NHA) is incorrect? 1. It is the apex body responsible for implementing India's flagship public health insurance/assurance scheme called "Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana." 2. An attached office of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare with full functional autonomy. a. 1 only Ayushman Diwas b. 2 only GS Paper II-Governance Prelims c. Both "Youtube: DNA 16.9.2023" d. None Ayushman Bharat Scheme Launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2018 6. Kokborok language It has 2 components GS Paper I-Indian Society-Regionalism Prelims 1. Health and Wellness centre "Youtube: DNA 1.9.2023" 2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojna Background Last year Union Home Minister Amit Shah proposed to give elementary knowledge of Hindi to students up to 9th class and to pay more attention to Hindi teaching examinations. The Union Home Minister also pitched for Devanagari script for oral languages of the Northeast. This led to a lot of protest in NE states, as it was seen as a measure to push Hindi for other regional languages. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:13  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 A major protest came from Tripura in support of Kokborok language. Article 351 - Directive for development of Assam the Hindi language Similarly each Northeast state has its own It shall be the duty of the Union to develop and set of diverse languages, ranging from Indo- promote the spread of the Hindi language, so Aryan to Tibeto-Burman to Austro-Asiatic that it may serve as a medium of expression for families. all. Assamese and Bodo are both listed in the 8th This must be done without interfering forms, Schedule. style and expressions languages of India While Assamese uses an ancient script of its specified in the Eighth Schedule. own, Bodo is written in the Devanagari script. Current developments Assam has dozens of other indigenous Last week, a conglomerate of 56 tribal languages, many of them without a script. organisations in Tripura came out in protest Karbi, Mising and Tiwa are mostly written in against what they saw as the possibility of the Roman script, while Rabha is usually Hindi being introduced as the language for written in the Assamese script. Kokborok. Prelims Practice Question Kokborok is the main native language of the Q. Kokborok language recently seen in news is Tripuri people of the Indian state of Tripura. official language of Kokborok was recognised as an official a. Mizoram language of Tripura in 1979. b. Meghalaya But Kokborok doesn’t have script of its own. c. Nagaland The proposal to use Devanagari script for d. Tripura Kokborok language has seen further protests. Protestors demand use of Roman script in place of Devanagari. 7. Election Commissioners Bill, 2023 GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims "Youtube: DNA 18.9.2023" Election commission of India Article 324 to 329 (Part XV) of the constitution deals with powers, function, tenure, eligibility, etc of the commission and the member. Article 324: The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to Parliament and to the Legislature of every State and of elections to the offices of President and Vice-President held under this SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:14  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Constitution shall be vested in the Election The Court has called upon Parliament to Commission. make a law regarding the criteria for selection, conditions for service and tenure of the CEC and ECs. Until then, the apex court formed a panel of Prime Minister, Chief Justice of India and the leader of opposition to make these appointments. Composition of Election Commission Article 324(2): The Election Commission shall consist of the Chief Election Commissioner and such number of other Election Commissioners, if any, as the President may from time to time fix and the appointment of the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners shall, subject to the provisions of any law made in that behalf by Parliament, be made by the President. Appointment Current Context The Chief Election Commissioner and the The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioner are appointed by the Election Commissioners (Appointment, President of India. Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Bill, The President fixes the service condition 2023, was passed in the Rajya Sabha on and tenures. August 10. They enjoy the same status and receive The bill is currently pending in the Lok Sabha. salary and perks as available to Judges of the It will be discussed and most probably Supreme Court of India. passed during the special session of Lok Note- Since the President acts on aid and advice Sabha. of Council of Ministers, a petition was filed in The bill has been brought as per the the SC to change the method of appointment of directions of the Supreme Court to make CEC and other EC. This will ensure free and fair specific law about appointment and Power of elections. Election Commissioners. Key highlights of the bill 1. Removed CJI from the panel Currently Election Commission includes 1 Chief The bill seeks to replace the Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Justice of India with a cabinet minister Commissioners nominated by the Prime Minister in the Method of appointment of Judges committee for selection of the CECs and Since the President acts on aid and advice ECs. of Council of Ministers, a petition was filed 2. Process in the SC to change the method of First, a Search Committee, headed by the appointment of CEC and other EC. This will Cabinet Secretary and including two ensure free and fair elections. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:15  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 members not below the rank of Secretary, This is in contradiction with SC directives. shall prepare a panel of five persons. 3. Autonomy of election commission- This will then be sent to the Selection essential aspect of democracy Committee. This may lead to compromise with free and The selection committee will be chaired by fair elections as per constitutional experts. the PM and will include the Leader of Mains Practice Question Opposition or leader of the single largest Q. Critically analyse Chief Election Opposition party in Lok Sabha and a Commissioner and other Election Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Minister. Service and Term of Office) Bill, 2023. The Selection Committee may consider any other person apart from those included 8. Vishwakarma Yojana in the Search Committee’s panel. GS Paper II-Governance Prelims "Youtube: DNA 18.9.2023" Vishwakarma Yojana The scheme was announced by the PM during his Independence Day speech / before it mentioned in Budget 2023-24. It was implemented on the occasion of Vishwakarma puja. About the scheme For people having traditional skills [like the Raj Mistris (construction workers), Sunar (goldsmith), Suthar (carpenters), etc - mostly from the OBC community] the PM announced Vishwakarma Yojana. The scheme will encompass various elements such as financial aid, modern and green technology training, brand promotion, market connectivity, digital payments, and social security. It is a new scheme with an outlay of Rs 13,000 crore and is fully funded by the Central government. 3. Terms & tenure It aims to provide subsidised loans of up to The terms of the CEC and ECs remain Rs 2 lakh to traditional artisans and craftsmen unchanged, at six years or until they reach Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. Enterprise (MSME) is the nodal ministry- a The Bill says the salary of the CEC and ECs central sector scheme. would be equivalent to the Cabinet It is available for rural and urban artisans and Secretary. craftsmen across India. Until now, Election Commissioners were at Collateral-free credit support up to ₹1 lakh par with Supreme Court judges in this (first tranche) and ₹2 lakh (second tranche) regard, under the Election Commission at a concessional interest rate of 5% Act, of 1991. Criticism of the bill- 1. Compromised autonomy of the Election Commission EC brought at par with Cabinet Secretary limits jurisdiction of the Election Commission. 2. Selection Committee will not have the Chief Justice of India as a member SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:16  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Lord Vishwakarma, in Hindu mythology, is seen as the divine carpenter and master craftsman. Analysis Are people willing to have women as their representatives? Case Study Only two political parties in India, Odisha’s Biju Janata Dal (BJD) and West 9. Women Reservation bill Bengal’s Trinamool Congress (TMC) have reserved seats for women for GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims election candidatures. "Youtube: DNA 19.9.2023" Result Current context 65 percent of the TMC’s women Women’s reservation Bill aims at candidates won in comparison to 44 per reserving 33 per cent seats for women in cent of their men. Parliament and legislative Assemblies. 86 per cent of the BJD’s women The bill was first introduced in the candidates won in comparison to 43 per Parliament in 1996. cent of their men. Since then, it has been introduced and It proves that people are willing to vote for removed from the parliament several women candidates, the political parties need to times but failed to get passed. create accessibility for the women candidates. Modi government is set to reintroduce the bill in the current ongoing special session of the parliament. But the government added- “The Bill will be brought in the ongoing session but there are many ifs and buts…so the implementation is unlikely before the next Lok Sabha election. Most probably, it will take place only after the delimitation (which is expected to be held in 2026) but the process will begin soon”. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:17  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Is mere reservation enough for women empowerment? Analysis-Reservation for women in local bodies Though 1/3rd seats are reserved for women in local bodies but it still the outcome has remained subdued. Challenges faced by elected women Steps taken to promote women representatives in local institution- participation in local bodies- 1. Male domination- Even after getting elected 1. Many states have increased reservation for as a representative to the local bodies women women in local bodies to 50% eg Bihar. act on directions of the male member of the Article 243D- 1/3rd seats reserved for women family. This is popularly known as Sarpanch in PRIs. Pati phenomenon. Article 243T-1/3rd seats reserved for women 2. Patriarchal culture in rural India - Eg Women in ULBs. should not speak in front of people, she But it can be increased upto 50%. should always remain under ghoonghat has 2. Training program in the office of deputy Limited the capability of human to play role of commissioner for women Sarpanch is a leader in rural areas. conducted once in every month. 3. Absence of women from Panchayat 3. It has been mandated that all panchayat meetings - Illiteracy, lack of awareness and meeting should be conducted in the leadership skill causes absence of women from panchayat house only. Panchayat meeting. According to Ministry of Panchayati Raj institutions gradually awareness among women elected representatives is growing and they are increasingly participating in the political process of local bodies. ‘She is a Changemaker’ campaign To improve leadership skills of women political leaders, the National Commission for Women (NCW) launched a pan-India capacity building programme, ‘She is a Issues with ‘Sarpanch Pati’ phenomenon: Changemaker’. Most of the women’s sarpanches do not It has been launched for women attend meetings that take place at the representatives at all levels, gram district/block/village. panchayats to parliament members and Defeats the purpose of reservation for political workers including office bearers of women in Panchayat National/State political parties. More than 80 per cent of women sarpanches have proxy sarpanches even today. Why it is important for women Sarpanch to take independent decision? 2010 study published by the India Policy Forum, organised by the NCAER, noted that “villages with female leaders increased female participation and responsiveness to Does Political empowerment ensures female policy concerns”. overall women empowerment? “Greater political power alone will not improve women’s plight”. Asked as an examination question for the essay paper of the UPSC CSE in the past. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:18  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 What does the quote mean? The quote talks about a criticism that many have raised on the question of political reservations – that by itself, it is not going to bridge the gap that exists between men and women in society. Line of argument- Inequality can be measured in multiple ways. The World Economic Forum’s Gender Gap Index, for instance, has four dimensions – Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival and Political Empowerment. Term ‘Secularism’ and ‘Socialism’ in World Economic Forum’s Gender Gap Preamble Index-2022 Two words ‘Secularism’ and ‘Socialism’ were originally not a part of the Preamble. They were added by The Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976 during the Emergency imposed by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Mains Practice Question Q. Women reservation bill has introduced and lapsed no of times. In this context discuss why it is necessary to have reserved seats for Why ‘Socialism’ was not included in women in all legislative bodies? original Preamble? 1. Indian Socialism different from prevalent 10. Word ‘Secularism’ and idea of Socialism Socialism envisaged by the Indian state was ‘Socialism’ in Preamble not the socialism of the USSR or China of GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims the time. "Youtube: DNA 21.9.2023" It did not envisage the nationalisation of all of India’s means of production. Current context 2. India adopted mixed economic model Leader of the Congress in Lok Sabha Adhir 3. India attempted to avoid getting embroiled Ranjan Chowdhury has claimed that the words in Cold war dynamics “socialist” and “secular” were missing in Cold war was ideological war between the Preamble of the Constitution of India, the Socialist and Liberal ideologies. copies of which were given to MPs Indian Polity was always Socialist in its essence Then he was later informed that the copy he as can be seen in several articles under Part IV got was ‘original copy’ of the constitution. i.e. DPSP. Indira Gandhi government heavily relied on welfare measures to address inequality, SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:19  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 poverty. Her government popularised the slogan ‘Treaty of Westphalia’. It led basis for watertight “garibi hatao”. Thus during her regime separation of religion and politics- west ‘Socialism’ was included in the Preamble. understanding of Secularism. This led to idea of Sovereignty, Nation state. Sovereignty means - beginning of diplomacy and international relations. Significance of Treaty of Westphalia (1648) India adopted Democratic Socialist polity without specifying Socialism in the preamble- The concept of democratic socialism has been adopted in various liberal democracies like India with the concept of a welfare state. Why ‘Secularism’ was not included in original Preamble? The secular nature of the Indian state is secured by Articles 25-28 of the Constitution. But the term ‘Secularism’ was not there in original constitution, since idea of Indian secularism was different from accepted concept of secularism, especially prevalent in the West. West concept of Secularism is mutual exclusion of state and religion, i.e. non- interference in affairs of each other. This concept is rooted in ‘Treaty of Westphalia’. Comparison of Indian secularism with western secularism Indian Secularism Equal treatment to all religion by the government (Sarvdharm Sambhav). No privilege or discrimination against any religion. State/ Government will identify its citizens on the basis of their religion also. Help them if needed. It will also subject them to limitations as per need. You are a Muslim. In general there is economic The war was fought on religious lines (Catholics backwardness Muslim community so take vs Protestants). reservation. But there are some social evils also By the end of the war it was realised religion like triple talaq that will be banned should not be basis for State action, otherwise there would be only chaos. The war ended with SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:20  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 You are a Hindu. Let me build Char Dham project France is facing similar problems to give you easy transportation service to your Some incidents of recent cultural clash- pilgrim site. But the social evils like caste based 1. Charlie Hebdo incident discrimination, dowry, gender based discrimination Charlie Hebdo is a French satirical weekly will be banned. newspaper that predominantly publishes Comparison of Indian secularism with cartoons. In 2015 the published cartoon of Prophet western secularism Muhammad. On 7 January 2015, two masked Western Secularism gunmen barged into the office of the Charlie The state shall not identify citizens on the Hebdo newspaper office in Paris and shot dead basis of their religion at all. 12 people injuring many others. They do not identify any special needs on 1. 2020 Samuel Paty -School teacher was the basis of religion. beheaded in France by an Islamic person for showing caricature of Prophet Example Muhammad. 2. Recent riots in France after death of a youth Nahel, a muslim youth In India Sikhs are exempted from wearing helmet considering their religious need of wearing Pagadi. In western countries like France everyone including Sikhs have to wear helmet Issues with western secularism? The general laws, norms, rule have been created around the culture of majority Challenges of Indian and western population that follows Christianity. Example everyone has to wear helmet (This secularism? could not become a law if majority of the Western secularism population was Sikh). Burqa ban in 2010 Focuses on uniform,universal conduct (this could not become a law if majority of the Neglects minorities aspiration population was Muslim). It is conceptually weak because it is bound to yield conflict. Indian secularism Problems arising because of Western Incorporates multiculturalism secularism? Conceptually very strong The majority fails to anticipate cultural needs Challenges- of minority groups. 1. Poor understanding of Indian secularism by The minority groups develop a sense of the citizens themselves alienation. 2. Political parties, media exploits lack of This leads to cultural conflicts- (Clash of awareness of the people Civilization by Samuel P Huntington- only UPSC 2019 Political Science students) Q. What can France learn from the Indian The constitution of Western countries made Constitution’s approach to secularism? uniform provisions, the government makes Explain. 250 words/15 marks uniform laws for everyone irrespective of their religion. They believe they practicing to secularism. But ultimately most of these constitutional and general laws are framed according to the culture of the majority population i.e. Christianity and the minority religious groups have to adjust accordingly SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:21  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 The Cauvery water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu began in 1974 when Karnataka started diverting water without Tamil Nadu's consent. After several years, the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) was established in 1990 to resolve the issue. 11. Cauvery water dispute It took 17 years for the CWDT to reach a final order in 2007, which outlined the sharing of GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims Cauvery water among the four parties. "Youtube: DNA 21.9.2023" Constitutional provision for resolving interstate water dispute Article 262 of the Constitution provides for the adjudication of interstate water disputes. It makes two provisions: 1. Parliament may by law provide for the adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to the use, distribution and control of waters of any inter-state river and river valley. 2. Parliament may also provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court is to exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such dispute or complaint. Under this provision, the Parliament has enacted Inter-State Water Disputes Act (1956). Current dispute Recently Karnataka failed to release the mandated amount of water for Tamil Nadu as per order of the Cauvery water dispute Tribunal. Tamilnadu sought the intervention of SC to make Karnataka immediately release 24,000 cubic feet per second (cusecs) to stick with CWDT’s final award. Karnataka’s stand It has contended that lower rainfall in the Cauvery catchment including in Kerala has led to the poor inflow to its own reservoirs. Current news? Cauvery water dispute The Supreme Court refused to intervene Cauvery river originates in Karnataka, flows either in favour of Karnataka or Tamil Nadu in through Tamil Nadu with major tributaries the Cauvery water dispute, instead it relied on coming from Kerala and drains into the Bay of the combined expertise of the Cauvery Bengal through Pondicherry. Water Regulation Committee (CWRC) and Thus the dispute therefore involves 3 states the Cauvery Water Management Authority and one Union Territory. (CWMA) to manage the water-sharing between the two neighbouring States. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:22  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Way forward A distress-sharing formula, should be developed acceptable to all the stakeholders. Government plans to create a single tribunal to deal with all inter State river disputes and reduce the complexity. 12. Issues about Privilege to legislators GS Paper II-Indian Polity Prelims What is the procedure to arrest a MP in "Youtube: DNA 23.9.2023" India? In Civil Cases Parliamentary Privileges In civil cases, they have freedom from arrest Rights and immunities enjoyed by members during the continuance of the House and 40 of Parliament. days before its commencement and 40 days Individually and collectively after its conclusion, as per section 135 of Purpose-So that they can “effectively discharge the Code of Civil Procedure. their functions” In Criminal Cases Parliamentary privileges are defined in Article If Parliament is not in session, a 105 of the Indian Constitution and those of Legislature/cabinet minister can be State legislatures in Article 194. arrested by a law enforcement agency in case What kind of rights and immunities are enjoyed of a criminal case registered against him. by the legislatures? As per Section 22 A of the Rules of Freedom of Speech-No member can be taken Procedures and Conduct of Business of the to explain their statement anywhere outside the Rajya Sabha, the Police, Judge or Magistrate four walls of the House (eg Court) would, however, have to intimate the Freedom from Arrest-no member shall be Chairman of the Rajya Sabha about the arrested in a civil case 40 days before and after reason for the arrest, the place of detention the adjournment of the House or imprisonment in an appropriate form. Exemption from attendance as witnesses: No arrest, whether of a member or of a stranger, The members of Parliament also enjoy can be made within the premises of the House freedom from attendance as witnesses in any without the prior permission of the court of law. Chairman/Speaker and that too in accordance Right to punish members and outsiders for with the procedure laid down by the Home breach of its privileges Ministry in this regard. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:23  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Prevention of Corruption Act 1988) to MPs who took bribes and voted to save the then Congress government in Parliament. Keshava Singh Case (1965) In the matters of privileges stated under the Constitution of India, the house will be considered as the sole and exclusive judge. But if any such privilege is not mentioned in the Constitution of India, then it’s the Court who has to decide upon it. Privilege motion If there is a belief that such a privilege has been breached, a motion can be raised by any member. It can be admitted by the Chairman. They can then refer it to the Privileges Committee. The right to raise a question of privilege is based on satisfying two conditions, namely: a. the question shall be restricted to a specific Recent issues matter of recent occurrence, and Recently, the matter came up in another case b. the matter requires the intervention of the related to bribery charges against JMM MLA Council. Sita Soren, who was accused of having accepted a bribe to vote for an independent candidate in the 2012 Rajya Sabha elections. The matter was first taken up HC and then in SC. Ultimately the matter has been taken up by 5-judge Constitutional bench presided by CJI. View of the the Constitutional bench The bench will revisit its view in P.V. Narsimha Rao Case (1998). SC view -The object of Articles 105(2) and 194(2) is not to set apart the members of the Legislature as persons who wield immunity SC judgements on Privileges and from the application of the general criminal Immunities law of the land. P.V. Narsimha Rao Case (1998): It is to give freedom of speech and Issues- Bribe taking for voting/not voting expression to the legislators to act in should be protected or not under Parliamentary independent manner. privileges? The Supreme court (by a 3:2 majority) granted immunity from prosecution (under the SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:24  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 13. Provisions of Nari Shakti The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) is a statutory authority established Vandan Adhiniyam 2023 in 2016 GS Paper II-Governance Prelims It is identity of residentship but not "Youtube: DNA 25.9.2023" citizenship. Proof given by the resident but not proper Context mechanism to verify the document. Parliament passed Nari Shakti Vandan Doesn’t contain other details like DL, PAN etc Adhiniyam 2023 with more than 2/3rd majority. Key Provisions of the law- 1. Inserted new Articles to the constitution Article 330A- Reserves 33% seats for women in Lok Sabha Article 332A-Reserves 33% seats for women in State Legislative Assembly Significance of Aadhar Card Article 239AA-Reserving seats for women Aadhar is being used as a mechanism to in legislative assembly of NCT of Delhi implement government welfare schemes by 2. Sub-reservation using JAM trinity. For SC and ST women candidates JAM trinity 3. Duration JAM (short for Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile) Initially for 15 years from commencement trinity refers to the government of India of the act initiative to link Jan Dhan accounts, mobile 4. Enforcement numbers and Aadhaar cards of Indians to Implementation after the completion of plug the leakages of government welfare delimitation process based on first scheme. census conducted after the bill passage. Example of JAM trinity 765.30 million Indians had linked Aadhaar with ration card to avail ration through Public Distribution System. Over 280 million residents linked Aadhaar with cooking gas connection for LPG subsidy through PAHAL. 100 percent of farmer-beneficiaries under PM Kisan Yojna are connected via Aadhaar. 14. Aadhaar biometrics and its reliability GS Paper II-Governance Prelims "Youtube: DNA 27.9.2023" Aadhar Card Aadhar is a 12-digit unique identification (UID) number (Aadhaar) to all the residents of India. Aadhaar is regulated under UIDAI act. UIDAI SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:25  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Issues with Aadhar Privacy Since an individual is required to give her biometric details like- Iris Scan and Thumb impression, there is chance of leakage of the data and thus breach of privacy. Government response Data will be stored in secured system and The government has rejected the claims. will be accessed by the government only on “A certain investor service has, without citing direction of District Court (or above) of a any evidence or basis, made sweeping Joint Secretary level officer (o above). assertions against Aadhaar, the most SC trusted digital ID in the world,” Aadhaar is not compulsory for citizens. The government also said that international Aadhaar not necessary for essential agencies such as the IMF and World Bank services. have “lauded the role of Aadhaar”. “ But the problem is without Aadhar a person will not be able to avail benefits of many government Mains Practice question schemes. Q. Aadhar brings solution and new ways to Reliability implement welfare schemes. But it is also If the technology is not reliable, it might result fraught with some concerns. Discuss. in people not receiving various subsidies from the government that they are entitled to. 15. Substantial imitation or The consequences o For instance, there are documented cases in Passing off Jharkhand of starvation deaths linked to GS Paper II-Governance Prelims Aadhar biometrics failing and people "Youtube: DNA 27.9.2023" consequently not being able to receive rations from the PDS. What is Intellectual Property? Intellectual Property- It is a category of property Current news? that is intangible in nature. It is creation of mind. Global rating major Moody’s Investors It includes- Service has released a report titled 1. Literary works like songs, books etc protected “Decentralized Finance and Digital under Copyrights Assets”. Moody has raised some 2. Logo protected under Trademarks concerns over Aadhar such as: 3. Technological innovations protected under 1. Biometric issues Patents Aadhar often results in service denials and Patents the reliability of biometric technologies It allows you to prevent others from using especially for manual laborers in hot, your invention for commercial purposes. humid climates, is questionable. Patent rights are given to promote Last year, in a report, the CAG said that innovations by protecting the commercial there are issues of data-matching, errors in interest of innovators. authentication Other intellectual property includes-Industrial 2. Centralized Identification system designs, Geographical indications (GI) and Aadhaar is a centralized identification Trade secrets. system. This leads to the concentration of sensitive information with specific entities and increases the risks of data breaches. Hence, that’s why Moody has favoured adoption of decentralized ID (DID) systems. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:26  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 If someone has to make commercial use of a patented Technology he must pay royalty to the innovator Governing regulations Global level The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Formulated at WTO. It establishes minimum standards for the regulation by national governments of different forms of IP. National level The Trade Marks Act 1999, The Patents Act 1970 (amended in 2005), The Copyright Act 1957, The Designs Act 2000, The GI of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act 1999, etc. Current news? The Delhi High Court has issued summons to an Instagram account called People of India (POI), in a copyright infringement suit filed by the storytelling platform Humans of Bombay (HOB). Besides copyright infringement, HOB’s plea said that the similarities between the infringing content and its own amounted to “passing off and unfair competition”. “Passing off” Suppose a brand logo is misspelt in a way 16. Personality rights that is not easy for the consumer to discern. GS Paper II-Governance Prelims In such cases, the infringing products need "Youtube: DNA 28.9.2023" not be identical. What are Personality Rights? Personality rights refer to the right of a person to protect his/her personality under the right to privacy or property. These rights are important to celebrities as their names, photographs or even voices can easily be misused in various advertisements by different companies to boost their sales. SPM IAS Academy, D.S. Mansion 2nd floor, Opposite Indian Oil Petrol Pump, Near Assam State Zoo, Zoo Road, Guwahati, Assam – 781005 Phone: 6901259799, Students’ Support Team: 7099064717, Email: [email protected] PAGE.NO:27  SEPTEMBER MONTHLY MAGAZINE 2023 Therefore, it is necessary for renowned personalities/celebrities to register their 17. POCSO Act names to save their personality rights. GS Paper II-Governance Prelims Personality rights consist of two types of rights: "Youtube: DNA 30.9.2023" 1. The right of publicity It includes the right to keep one’s image Protection of Children against Sexual and likeness from being commercially Offence (POCSO) Act, 2012 exploited without permission or contractual “Children” according to the Act are individuals compensation. aged below 18 years. 2. The right to privacy The Act is gender neutral. the right to not have one’s personality Not limited to sexual harassment but also represented publicly without involves including children in pornography. permission. Aggravated crime- when the child is mentally ill. Also when the abuse is committed by the person in a position of trust such as doctor, teacher, policeman, family member. Investigation process as child-friendly as possible POCSO e- Box- For online complaint Personality Rights protection in India Punishment- Up to death sentence The closest statute to protect personality As per NCRB rights is Article 21 of the Constitution of India under rights to privacy and publicity. The Indian Trademarks Act, 1999 also protects personal rights under Section 14, which restricts the use of personal names and representations. Current case In its interim order, the Delhi High Court has restricted third parties from utilising in any manner Anil Kapoor's name, likeness, voice, or any other aspect of his persona to create any merchandise, ring tones, ring-back tones or any other use of