Epidemiology Exercise 2020 PDF

Education 2020 Epidemiology Exercise ‫المعهد الفني الصحي ببني سويف‬ 1  0202 ‫دور اول‬ First term Department: health inspectors Mark: 90 marks Q1:...

Education 2020 Epidemiology Exercise ‫المعهد الفني الصحي ببني سويف‬ 1  0202 ‫دور اول‬ First term Department: health inspectors Mark: 90 marks Q1: Put true or false 1. Control measures are usually directed against the segment in the infection chain that is the most susceptible intervention (T) (F) 2. The general fertility rate is less informative than the crude birth rate (T) (F) 3. The confirmed condition can be identified by sign and symptoms only (T) (F) 4. Tertiary prevention aim to detecting disease at early stage (T) (F) 5. Outbreak carries the same definition of epidemic but often used for a more limited geographic area (T) (F) 6. Crude death rate is estimated of all diseased cases for a given year and specific location (T) (F) 7. When the incidence rate is high it indicate success of primary prevention of the condition (T) (F) 8. A cause-specific death rate is useful to detect a health problem in certain age groups. (T) (F) 9. Educational level is not determinant of health (T) (F) 10.Base width of population pyramid in Egypt is narrow (T) (F) Q2: Complete …………………………………..……1………………………………………………. 1. Cause-specific death rate = × 1000 …………………………………………….2….……………………………………….. …………………………………..……………1……………………………………………………………. 2. Prevalence rate = × 100 …………………………………………….2……………………………………………………………….. 3. An infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to susceptible host by 1..................................................... 2................................................. 4................................. of the population pyramid means that people live longer while................................. means that the average life in a population is short 5. The two methods of population estimating are.............................&............................. Q3: Match 2 1. Public health Ans A. The estimated rate of disease occurrence (newly diagnosed surveillance problems) for a given year and specific location 2. Endemic B. Refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. 3. Convalescent C. Is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and carries dissemination of health data to help guide public health decision making and action. 4. Incidence rate D. Are those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting the illness to others 5. Confirmed case E. In addition to evidence pointing to a suspected or probable case, a laboratory finding that provides the evidence of infection Q4: Choose 1. Core epidemiologic functions include a. Public health surveillance c. Field Investigation b. Analytic studies d. All of the above 2. When the prevalence rate is low, it may indicate one or more of the following: a. The number of new cases decreased c. The illness is of short duration b. Some of the affected persons died d.New cases are increasing in number 3. Insects transmit infections by: a. Mechanical transmission c. Biologic transmission b. Both 1,and 2 d. None of the above 4. To calculate the general fertility rate, you must know: a. Midyear population b. Midyear female population ages 15 to 49 years c. Midyear female population ages 15 to 19 years d. None of the above 5. The national Egyptian disease surveillance system is responsible for routine collection of data and is responsible for estimating a. The incidence rate c. both a & b b. Prevalence rate d. none of the above 3  9900 ‫دور اول‬ ‫ معاونين صحيين‬:‫الشعبة‬ ‫درجة‬09:‫الدرجات‬ ‫ ثالث ساعات‬:‫الزمن‬ 1- Match(15mark): A B 1- Epidemiology (….) A. A state complete of physical, mental and social-well- being and not merely absence of disease and infirmity. 2- Carrier (….) B. Carries the same definition of epidemic is often use for a limited geographic area. 3- Health (….) C. The study of health in population to understand the causes and patterns of health and illness 4- ILI case definition (….) D. Outpatient clinic person severing a fever(38Oc or more) and cough with no other causes (like a chest infection) 5- Secondary (….) E. Person who show no symptoms or have undiagnosed prevention infections may be able to transmit infection to other. 6- Host (….) F. Is preventing the development of the disease of disease to reducing exposure disease-causing agent or by prevention before disease has developed. 7- Outbreak (….) G. Refers to the human who can get the disease. 2- Complete(28mark) 1) The three factors determines disease process make up the epidemiological traid are: a. ……………………….. b. ……….…………… c. ………………………………. 2) An infectious agent are transferred from a reservoir to susceptible host by: a. ……………………………………….…. b. ………………………………………………… 3) The determinants of health include: a. ………………………….. b. …………………….……… c. ………………………………. 4) When the incidence rate is high it indicates one of the following: a. ………………………….. b. ……………………………. c. ………………..…………….. 5) The main virus that infect the liver in Egypt are the following: 4  a. …………………………… b. …………………………….. c. ……………………………… 3- MCQ(12mark) 1) The types of carries include: (a) Healthy carries (b) Incubatory carries (c) Convalescent carries (d) a & b & c 2) Primary prevention include the services except: (a) Vaccination (b) Nutritional and food supplementation (c) Provision of medicines to prevent complication (d) Provision of information on behavioral and medical risks 3) When prevalence rate is high, IT means: (a) Seasonal increase (b) Epidemic (c) The disease lasts a long time before recovery (d) Failure of primary prevention of the condition 4) To calculate the general fertility rate you must know: (a) Midyear population (b) Midyear female population ages 15 to 49 years (c) Midyear female population ages 15 to 19 years (d) None of the above 4- True or false(20mark) 1) The term (environment) refers to intrinsic factors that affect the agent and the opportunity to exposure ( ) 2) Chronic carriers are those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins ( ) 3) Mechanical transmission means insects such as mosquitos, flies and ticks may carry an infectious agent through purely mechanicals means ( ) 4) Endemic refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases disease above what is normally expected in the population in that area ( ) 5) The estimated rate of the disease occurrence (newly diagnosed problem) for a given year and specific location is prevalence rate ( ) 5- Give an account on(15mark) 5 1) Core an epidemiological functions: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 2) The population pyramid characteristics ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….……………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………… 3) Types on the prevention: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………... 4) Natural history of a disease or health problem: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………………... 5) The measurement of mortality rate: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………………….. 6  ‫ منال‬:)‫ بواسطة (د‬/ )0( ‫بنك أسئلة‬  Essay question 1- define mortality rate 2- how we can diagnose disease 3- types of disease prevention 4- discuss chain of infection and how we do good infection control 5- what is meant by high prevalence rate  MCQ 1. health is defined as a state of a) physical well being b) mental well being c) social well being d) all of the above 2. morbidity rates are rates that measure: a) disease b) deaths c) live birth d) fertility 3. Infant mortality rates: a) Number of deaths in first year of life b) Number of new cases c) Indicate high health care facilities d) Number of deaths in old age 4. primary prevention methods are: a) Community development b) Sanitation of environment c) Education and health promotion d) All of the above 5. Types of carriers: a) Incubatory b) Contact c) AANDB 7  d) None of the above  Put T or F 1. Endemic: the disease present in the community due to presence of its causes 2. Healthy carrier is not dangerous to the community as they are few in number 3. Tertiary prevention means rehabilitation of handicapped 4. Surveillance is equivalent to monitoring the pulse of community 5. High crude death rate indicate good health care 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.  Complete 1. when…………………………….is high that is means bad primary prevention 2. …………………………….rate is more informative than the crude birth rate 3. …………………..is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing 4. ………………………………..carrier is person who become infective after onset of disease 5. ………….Is measure to prevent spread of infection after occurrence of the disease  Match A B 1. Epidemic sings (….) a) Persons have symptoms 2. Droplet (….) b) Method of spread of infection 3. Cases (….) c) Infection chain 4. Agent, host and environment (….) d) Sudden increase in case 5. Morbidity (….) e) Number of carries (….) f) Number of cases Good luck 8  )9( ‫بنك أسئلة‬  Complete: 6- An infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by …………………………………………………….,…………………………………………  Put t or f: 1- Convalcent carriers are those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins. ( ) 2- When the incidence rate is low, it indicates that primary prevention had an effect. ( )  Give an account of: 1- Analytic studies ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2- The main points of demography that the Medical scientists focus on ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3- The determinants of health ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9900 ‫ انظر امتحان الدور األول‬9 ‫منعا لتكرار األسئلة باقي بنك األسئلة‬ 9 ‫ بالنسبة لبنك األسئلة‬:‫ملحوظة‬ ‫هذا البنك نزلته الوزارة وفي نفس الوقت لو قارنته بامتحان ستجد أسئلة كثيرة موجودة بامتحان اخر العام‬ ‫يعني من االخر أي امتحان استرشادي تنزله الوزارة رجاء االهتمام به وحفظه زي اسمك‬ :‫ملحوظة أخرى‬ ‫ نسرين يوسف عبد الرازق‬/‫ د‬:‫إعداد‬ Good luck 9  3 ‫بنك أسئلة‬ i. Choose the correct Answer: 1- Tertiary prevention means: a. Preventing complications in those are in the clinical phase of their illness. b. Provision of information on behavioral and medical health risks, and measures to reduce risks at the individual and population levels. c. Early detection of some diseases using screening tests. d. Nutritional and food supplementation to prevent occurrence of diseases. 2- Health promotion usually addresses behavioral risk factors such as: a. tobacco use b. obesity c. Diet and physical inactivity. d. All of the above 3- All of the following are examples of primary prevention except: a. Vaccination. b. Health education c. Nutritional and food supplementation. d. Routine testing of the stool for occult blood to detect treatable colon cancer. 4- When the prevalence rate is low, it may indicate: a. The number of new cases decreased (low incidence rate). b. The illness is of short duration (few old cases). c. Some of the affected persons (hosts) died because the disease may be fatal. d. Any of the above. 5- Pandemic refers to a. The constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. b. An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people. c. A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. d. An increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area. ii. II. Give a short account on: 1. The modes of Transmission of infectious diseases. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… 10 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Environmental reservoirs. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. Types of immunity. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. Prevalence rate. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Primary prevention services and activities. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……….………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii. Match: A B 1. fecal-oral transmission (….) a) Could be done by reducing the mosquito population. 2. Age-specific death rate (….) b) Is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data 3. Public health (….) c) Could be done by promoting hand washing. surveillance 4. efficacy (….) d) Is useful to detect a health problem in certain age group. 5. interruption of vector- (….) e) Is the ability to produce results under ideal conditions. borne transmission iv. Write true (T) or false (F): 1. Primary prevention refers to actions taken to prevent the development of a disease in a person who is well and does not (yet) have the disease. ( ) 11 2. Secondary prevention means assisting the handicapped person who was not completely cured improves their quality of life. ( ) 3. Vaccinations promote development of specific antibodies that protect against infection. ( ) 4. Examples of chemical factors of infection are viruses, bacteria and parasites. ( ) 5. The top width of the population pyramid indicates the size of the population in the old age group. ( ) v. Complete 1. Probable case of Diphtheria shows ………………….. , ……………………….. and ………………… 2. Crude birth rate= ……………………………………………………………………………… 3. The height of the population pyramid means that people ……….…………..longer, while a short height means that the average life in a population is ……………….……... 4. Suspected case of viral hepatitis shows acute …………………… with yellow eye sclera, yellow skin, dark ……………, or severe nausea, with or without fever, loss of ………….…… 5. 5.The commonest viruses that result in acute respiratory illness (ARI) are………………….. , …………………………………., ………………………………. and ……………………….. 12  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 1- Define the following: 1-Epidemiolgy 2- Host 3- Environment 4- Diagnosis 5- Treatment 6- Health 7- Good health 8- Bad health 9- Disease 10- Agent 11- Reservoir 12- Human Reservoir 13- Carriers 14- Animal Reservoirs 15- Zoonosis 16- Asymptomatic Carriers 17- Incubatory Carriers 18- Convalescent Carriers 19- Chronic Carriers 20- Environmental Reservoir 21- Portal of Exit 22- Vehicles 23- Vectors 24- Mechanical Transmission  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 25- Biological Transmission 26- Portal of Entry 27- Specific Immunity 28- Physical environment 29- Primary prevention 30- Secondary prevention 31- Tertiary Prevention 32- Rehabilitation 33- Health promotion 34- Sporadic 35- Endemic 36- Epidemic 37- Outbreak 38- Pandemic 39- Emerging diseases 40- Re- emerging diseases 41- Incidence rate 42- Prevalence rate 43- Morbidity Rate 45- Mortality Rate 46- Diphtheria 47- Hepatitis 48- Total Fertility Rate 49- Public Health Surveillance 50- Evaluation  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 51- Effectiveness 52- Efficiency 53- Linkages 54- Attributable risk 55- Public Health Surveillance 56- Demography 57- A census 58- The base width of population pyramid 59- The height of the pyramid 60- The top width of population pyramid 61- The symmetry of the pyramid 2-Match: 1- Epidemiology 1- “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” 2- Carrier 2- Carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area. 3- Health 3- The study of health in populations to understand the causes and patterns of health and illness. 4- ILI case definition 4- Outpatient clinic person suffering a fever (38°C or more) and cough with no other cause (like a chest infection). 5- Secondary 5- Person who show no symptoms or have undiagnosed prevention infections may be able to transmit infection to others. 6-Host 6- Involves identifying people in whom a disease process has already begun but the clinical signs and symptoms of the illness have not yet developed. 7- Outbreak 7- Refers to the human who can get the disease.  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 2- 1- Public health 1- The estimated rate of disease occurrence (newly diagnosed surveillance problems) for a given year and specific location 2- Environmental 2- Refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a factors include disease or infectious agent in a population within a geographic area. 3- Convalescent 3-Is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, carriers and dissemination of health data to help guide public health decision making and action. 4- Primary 4- Are those who have recovered from their illness but remain prevention capable of transmitting the illness to others 5- Confirmed case 5- Physical factors such as geology, Biological factors such as insects, and Socioeconomic factors, such as crowding 6- Endemic 6- Preventing the development of disease by reducing exposure to disease-causing agents or by immunization denotes intervention before disease has developed. 7- the incidence rate 7- In addition to evidence pointing to a suspected or probable case, a laboratory finding that provides the evidence of infection 3- 1- Attributable risk 1- Is dependent on studying the person, place, and time. 2- environment 2- Are those who never experience symptoms despite being infected. 3- The distribution 3- Refers to a disease that was eliminated in a certain country of any disease and then reappears. 4- healthy carriers 4- means: How much of the disease that occurs that can be attributed to a certain exposure 5- The determinants 5- Refers to extrinsic factors that affect the agent and the of health opportunity for exposure. 6- A census 6- Include: The social and economic environment, the physical environment and an individual person’s characteristics and behaviors 7- Re-emerging 7- Is an accurate method for determining the size and characteristics of a population.  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 4- 1- Surveillance 1- “A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” 2- Health 2- Carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area. 3- Carrier 3- The study of health in populations to understand the causes and patterns of health and illness. 4- ILI case definition 4- Outpatient clinic person suffering a fever (38°C or more) and cough with no other cause (like a chest infection). 5- Epidemiology 5- Person who show no symptoms or have undiagnosed infections may be able to transmit infection to others. 6-Host 6- Is ongoing systematic, collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of health data to help guide public health decision making and action 7- Outbreak 7- Refers to the human who can get the disease. 3-Complete: 1- Three factors determine the disease/health problem process and make up the epidemiological triad are: ………1……. , ………2………., and………3…….. 2- An infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by ………1.…… or …………2…….... 3- The determinants of health include: ……1………..., ………2………., and………3…………... 4- The process of health process include:……1………, ……2………., ……3………, ………4…………. 5- Antibodies develop in response to……….1…………, ………..2………., ………3………. 6- When the incidence rate is high it indicates one of the following: ………1……….. , ……………2………….…, or……………3…………… 7- The main types of viruses that infect the liver in Egypt are the following:................1………, ………….2 ……….., and …………3………… 8- The estimated rate of disease occurrence (newly diagnosed problems) for a given year and specific location is………………………  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 9- Incidence rate= …………………………………………. × 1,000 10- Age-specific death rate = …………………………………. × 1,000 11- Prevalence rate = ………………………………………… × 1,000 12- Maternal mortality ratio = ………………………………………… × 1,000 13- Infant mortality rate = ………………………………………… × 1,000 14- An infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by ………1…………… or …………2…….... 15- Good health is a high level of ……………1……….. wellbeing, …….2……. wellbeing, and ………3…………wellbeing 16- Natural history of a disease include the following phases ……..1……. , …….…2………, ……3……, ……..4…….., ………5………… 17- ……1……, ………2……., and ………3………... make up the epidemiological triad 18- Environmental factors include: ……..1……... , …….2…….., and …….3…… 19- Types of carriers are …...1..…., ….…2……, ……3..…., and …..4……… 20- The five major tasks of epidemiology in public health practice are: ….1......, ……2………, …….3………., …….. 4………, ……5………. 21- Cause-specific death rate= ………………………………………… × 1,000 22- When the incidence rate is low, it indicates that ………………………. 23- When the prevalence rate is high, it means one of the following: …………1…………, …….2……….. 24- When the prevalence rate is low, it may indicate one or more of the following: ……….1……….. , ………2…………., and ………..3……………. 25- General fertility rate= ………………………………………… × 1,000  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 26- Age-specific fertility rate= ………………………………………… × 1,000 27- The arithmetical method of population estimation =………1…………..+……2………….…-………3….…… 28- Rate of natural increase= ………1….…….. - ……….2………….. 29- Factors affecting health of individuals and communities are……..1………, ……....2…….….., ………3……….., and ……….4…………. 30- The exposure that results in health problems are due to………1………, ……2…………, ………3…………., and …………4……… 31- Interruption of direct transmission may be accomplished by……1…….…, ……..…2……..… 32- Interruption of vehicle borne transmission by ………1………,and ……..2………... 33- Interruption of fecal- oral transmission by………1………, and ………2……... 34- Risk factors associated with Hepatitis C Virus Disease are ……….1…….., ….……2…………, ……..3…………, ………4………., and ……….5………… 35- The condition (disease –health problem) is described as ……………….. according to specific symptoms and signs 36- The condition (disease – health problem) is described as ………………. When investigations like laboratory investigations, x- ray examination and so forth are done 4- True or false: 1- The term “environment” refers to intrinsic factors that affect the agent and the opportunity for exposure. ( ) 2- Chronic carriers are those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins. ( ) 3- Convalescent carriers are those who can transmit the agent during the incubation period before clinical illness begins. ( )  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 4-Mechanical transmission means insects such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks may carry an infectious agent through purely mechanical means ( ) 5- Endemic refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area. ( ) 6-The estimated rate of disease occurrence (newly diagnosed problems) for a given year and specific location is the prevalence rate. ( ) 7- Incubatory carriers are those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting the illness to others. ( ) 8- Primary prevention– Treating clinically ill individuals to prevent complications of the illness, including death of the patient. ( ) 9- Secondary prevention – involves identifying people in whom a disease process has already begun but the clinical signs and symptoms of the illness have not yet developed. ( ) 10- Control measures are usually directed against the segment in the infection chain that is the most susceptible to intervention.( ) 11- Emerging refers to a disease that was eliminated in a certain country and then reappears. ( ) 12- The estimated rate of all diseased cases (newly diagnosed and those under treatment) for a given year and specific location is the prevalence rate ( ) 13- Confirmed case –Same signs and symptoms as a suspected case accompanied by an increase of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) liver function enzyme of more than three times the normal level ( ) 14- A census is an accurate method for determining the size and characteristics of a population. ( ) 15- The lower the infant mortality rate is, the better health care in the country or area generally is. ( ) 16- The general fertility rate is less informative than the crude birth rate ( ) 17- The Total Fertility Rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate. ( ) 18- External migration and emigration are of the factors decreasing population size ( ) 19- Rate of natural increase is used in geometric method of population estimation ( ) 20- Two possible approaches to prevention are a population-based approach and a high-risk approach ( ) 21- Primary prevention reduce exposure to disease causing agents or by immunization ( ) 22-Tertiary prevention aim to detecting disease at early stage ( )  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 23-Secondary prevention is treating clinically ill individuals to prevent complication ( ) 24-Rehabilitation is assisting the handicapped person who was not completely cured ( ) 25-Endemic refer to disease that occurs for the first time in a certain country ( ) 26- Sporadic refer to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularity ( ) 27- Pandemic refers to epidemic that has spread over several countries ( ) 28- Outbreak carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographic area ( ) 29- Emerging refers to disease that was eliminated in a certain country and then reappears ( ) 30- Epidemic refers to the constant presence and or usual prevalence of a disease ( ) 31- Morbidity rates that measures death ( ) 32- Mortality rates that measures death ( ) 33- Specific symptoms and signs are known as the probable condition ( ) 34-The confirmed condition can be identified by sign and symptoms ( ) 35-Incidence rate is estimated disease occurrence for a given year and specific location ( ) 36- Crude death rate is estimated of all diseased cases for a given year and specific location ( ) 37- When prevalence rate is low it may indicate the number of new cases decreased ( ) 38- When the incidence rate is high it indicate success of primary prevention of the condition ( ) 39-The lower infant mortality indicate better health care in the country ( ) 40- A cause –specific death rate is useful to detect a health problem in certain age groups ( ) 5- MCQ: 1- The types of carriers include: a. Healthy carriers b. Incubatory carriers c. Convalescent carriers d. All of the above 2- Tertiary prevention services include one of the following : a. Vaccination b. Nutritional and food supplementations c. Provision of medicines to prevent complications d. Provision of information on behavioral and medical risks 3- When Prevalence rate is high, IT MEANS : a. Seasonal increase b. Epidemic c. The disease lasts a long time before recovery d. Failure of primary prevention of the condition  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ 4- To calculate the general fertility rate, you must know: a. Midyear population b. Midyear female population ages 15 to 49 years c. Midyear female population ages 15 to 19 years d. None of the above 5- The distribution of any disease or health problem is dependent on studying a. The person b. The place c. The time d. All of the above 6- The term “zoonosis” refers to an infectious disease that is transmissible under natural conditions from: a) Vertebrate animals to humans. b) Humans to humans c) None of the above d) 1,and 2 7- Reservoirs include: a. Humans b. Animals c. The environment d. All of the above 8- Insects transmit infections by: a) Mechanical transmission b) Biologic transmission c) Both 1,and 2 d) None of the above 9- Primary prevention services and activities include all the following except: a) Nutritional and food supplementation b) Dental hygiene education c) Provision of medicines to control risk factors d) Vaccination 10- Secondary prevention includes the following activities except: a) Population-based screening programs b) Vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis c) Provision of medicines to control risk factors  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ d) Provision of maternal and child health programs 11- When the incidence rate is high it indicates the following except: a) Seasonal increase b) Epidemic c) Failure of primary prevention d) Primary prevention had an effect 12- When the prevalence rate is low, it may indicate one or more of the following: a. The number of new cases decreased. b. The illness is of short duration (few old cases). c. Some of the affected persons died d. New cases are increasing in number 13- Core epidemiologic functions include: a) Public health surveillance b) Field Investigation c) Analytic studies d) All of the above 14- Evidence of the impact of urbanization on health can be seen in topics as: a) Communicable diseases ( crowdedness ) b) Road accidents and injuries (traffic problems ) c) Urban housing problems ( ventilation & illumination) d) All of the above 15- All of the following are physical Factors Except: a) Geology b) Geography c) Climate d) Insects 16- A person Who Show No Symptoms and is capable of transmitting the Pathogen is: a) Reservoir b) Host c) Carrier d) Agent 17-All of the following are the types of reservoir Except: a) Human b) Animal c) Environment  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ d) Bacteria 18- The following infectious diseases have human reservoir Except: a) Measles b) Mumps c) Small Pox d) Anthrax 19-The following infectious diseases have animal reservoir Except: a) Plague b) Brucellosis c) Anthrax d) Measles 20- The following are examples of indirect transmission of an infectious agent from a reservoir to host Except: a) Vehicles b) Direct contact c) Vectors d) All of the above 21-The following are examples of protective antibodies from specific immunity Except: a) Vaccination b) Infection c) Placental Trans d) Skin 22-All of the following are factors improve health Except: a) High Income b) Safe Environment c) Smoking d) Accessibility of health services 23- A carrier who continue to harbor a pathogen for months or even years is a) Incubatory Carrier b) Convalescent carrier  ‫الدليل االسترشادي لطلبة الدبلوم الفني الصحي لشعبة التمريض العام‬ 8102/8102 ‫مادة وبائيات – الفرقة الثانية – الفصل الدراسي الثاني للعام الدراسي‬ c) Chronic carrier d) Passive carrier 24- A disease transmitted from animal to person is: a) Zoonosis b) Communicable Disease c) Non communicable Disease d) All of the above 6- Give an account on: 1- Core epidemiologic functions 3- The population pyramid characteristics 3- Types of prevention 4- Natural history of a disease or health problem 5- The measurements of mortality rate 6- Topics in which evidence of the impact of urbanization on health can be seen 7- The Health Promotion activities 8- Primary prevention activities 9- Secondary prevention activities 10- The measurements of morbidity rates