Crop Classification PDF

CROP SCIENCE Classification of Crops RUSSEL VAN R. ROA, MSc MSc in Horticulture (Crop Physiology), UPLB BSA in Horticulture, CMU Crop Science Why Classify Crop Plants? Grouping Make important Ease of provides crop communication...

CROP SCIENCE Classification of Crops RUSSEL VAN R. ROA, MSc MSc in Horticulture (Crop Physiology), UPLB BSA in Horticulture, CMU Crop Science Why Classify Crop Plants? Grouping Make important Ease of provides crop communication order management among plant decisions scientist Crop Science Taxonomy vs Systematics Taxonomy – deals with description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms Systematics – also studies taxonomy and the evolutionary history or phylogeny of life Founded on the principles of evolution The 3 Domains of Life: 1. Archaea 2. Bacteria (Eubacteria) 3. Eukarya (Eukaryotes) Evolutionary Tree of Life The Green Plants: Viridiplantae or chlorobionta Includes green algae and the embryophytes (land plants) has chloroplast → photosynthesis Evolutionary tree of green plants Crop Science Phylum or Divisions under Kingdom Plantae Crop Science Plants in Numbers TOTAL NUMBER OF PLANT SPECIES – 374,000 Algae – 44,000 Non-vascular plants Liverworts – 9,000 Hornworts – 225 Mosses – 12,700 Vascular Plants – 308,312 Ferns – 10,560 Non-flowering plants (gymnosperms) – 1,079 Flowering plants (angiosperms) – 295,383 Monocots -74,273 Eudicots (dicots) – 210,008  Crop Science Taxonomic Heirarchy Created by Carolus Linnaeus in 1735 Binomial nomenclature - genus & specific epithet Example: taxonomic classification for 'Carabao' Kingdom – Plantae (Plants) Phylum or Division – Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) Carl von Linne (Carolus Linnaeus) 1707-1778 Class – Magnoliopsida (Dicots) Swedish Explorer & Naturalist Order - Sapindales “Father of Modern Taxonomy” Family – Anacardiaceae (cashew family) Genus - Mangifera Scientific Specific epithet - indica name Cultivar - 'Carabao' Crop Science Varieties vs Cultivar Varieties Cultivar A subdivision of species Cultivated variety Also called botanical variety Product of artificial selection or Naturally occurring variant of a plant breeding species Maintained as: Botanical varieties may differ in Clones – vegetatively subtle or more visible ways such as propagated species in color, shape, size, chemical Lines – seed propagated quality and other traits. species  Crop Science Varieties vs Cultivar Varieties Brassica oleracea var. capitata – cabbage B. oleracea var. gemmifera – brussel sprouts B. oleracea var. gongylodes – kohlrabi B. oleracea var. acephala – kale B. oleracea var. italica – broccoli B. oleracea var. botrytis – cauliflower  Crop Science Varieties vs Cultivar Cultivar Mangifera indica cv. ‘Carabao’  Crop Science International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants Former name: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) Provide the set of rules and recommendations that govern the scientific naming of all organisms traditionally treated as: Algae Fungi Plants Blue-green algae Chytrids Oomycetes Slime moulds Photosynthetic protists Crop Science Crop Science 2 Systems of Classification 1. Botanical system - Largely based on the variability among plants in relation to flower type, morphology, and sexual compatibility More precise, universal, and useful 2. Agricultural System functional system indicates the usefulness of a plant for specific purpose  General Classification of Plants A. According to Class Class Liliopsida (Monocot) Class Magnoliopsida (Dicot) General Classification of Plants A. According to Class (Seed structure) Class Liliopsida (Monocot) Class Magnoliopsida (Dicot) Urry, LA et al. 2021. Campbell Biology 12th Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. USA General Classification of Plants B. According to Growth Habit Herbs Shrubs Vines Trees Herbaceous Vines Woody Vines (Liana)  General Classification of Plants C. According to Life Cycle Annuals Biennials Perennials Plant lives through only one growing Plant that completes its life cycle in Persist year-round through adverse season, completing its life cycle in that two growing seasons weather of the nongrowing seasons period 1st season – produce basal leaves (winter or drought) life-cycle can range from few weeks to 2nd season – stem growth, produce Flowers and fruits after variable several months flowers and fruits → death number of years of vegetative growth General Classification of Plants D. According to how they reproduce Sexual Asexual General Classification of Plants E. Based on Water Requirements Mesophytes Hydrophytes Xerophytes General Classification of Plants F. Special Type Classification Parasites Epiphytes Halophytes Plants that thrive in high-salinity environments Striga asiatica - hemiparasite Orchids – aerial plants Non-parasitic relationship  Crop Science The Philippines has: 10,000+ - 250 - Vegetables 318 - Fruit Crops 2,000 - Plantation Flowering 41 - Commercially 56 - Grown by Crops Plants important farmers 20 - Commercially important Agricultural System of Classification Agronomic Classification Horticultural Classification 1. Cereals 1. Vegetables 2. Legumes 2. Fruit crops 3. Root crops 3. Ornamental crops 4. Sugar crops 4. Plantation Crops 5. Oil crops 6. Forage 7. Special purpose classifcation CLASSIFICATION OF AGRONOMIC CROPS CROPS AGRICULTURAL CLASSIFICATION HORTICULTURAL CROPS AGRONOMIC CROPS ❑Field crops 1. Cereals ❑grown extensively 2. Legumes requiring minimal care 3. Root crops large scale production 4. Sugar crops system 5. Oil crops ❑usually processed 6. Forage ❑durables – have 7. Special purpose longer postharvest life classification AGRONOMIC CROPS 1. Cereals → Derived from Ceres – Roman Goddess of grain → Belong to the family Poaceae (grasses) → Rich in carbohydrates – energy-giving → Used as staples like rice and corn Oryza sativa - rice Zea mays - corn AGRONOMIC CROPS 1. Cereals Hordeum vulgare Triticum aestivum Avena sativa Secale cereale AGRONOMIC CROPS 1. Cereals Pearl Millet – Pennisetum glaucum Triticale – a cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) AGRONOMIC CROPS 1. Cereals Job’s Tears (Adlai) Coix lacryma-jobi Nutritious alternative to rice Rich in carbohydrates (83%) Proteins (14%) Low fat (3%) AGRONOMIC CROPS 2. Legumes – crops under Fabaceae family; consumed in dry seed form Soybeans – Glycine max Peanut – Arachis hypogaea AGRONOMIC CROPS 2. Legumes – crops under Fabaceae family; consumed in dry seed form Pigeon pea – Cajanus cajan Mung bean – Vigna radiata Cowpea – Vigna unguiculata Chick pea – Cicer arietinum  AGRONOMIC CROPS 3. Root Crops – underground swollen parts (stem or roots) which are also source of carbohydrates Tapioca Taro/ coco yam– Plant/Cassava – Colocasia Manihot esculenta esculenta Ube – Dioscorea alata Sweet Potato – Ipomoea batatas Sweet Potato AGRONOMIC CROPS 3. Root Crops – underground swollen parts (stem or roots) which are also source of carbohydrates  AGRONOMIC CROPS 4. Sugar crops – sources of sugars (e.g., table sugar) Sugar Beet – Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris Stevia – Stevia rebaudiana Sugarcane – Saccharum officinarum Sweet Sorghum – Sorghum bicolor  AGRONOMIC CROPS Oilseed Crops Glycine max - Soybeans Helianthus annuus - sunflower Cocos nucifera - coconut Elaeis guineensis – oil palm Brassica napus – rapeseed (canola oil) Olea europaea - olive Sesamum indicum - sesame Zea mays - corn Arachis hypogaea - peanut Juglans regia - walnut Linum usitassimum - Flaxseed Cannabis sativa - Hemp  AGRONOMIC CROPS 6. Fiber Crops Gossypium spp.– cotton Agave sisalana– sisal Hibiscus cannabinus Corchorus olitorius - jute kenaf Musa textilis – abaca Cannabis sativa - hemp Boehmeria nivea- ramie Ceiba pentandraa– kapok AGRONOMIC CROPS 7. Forage Crops – used as feed to livestock Alabang X Guinea Grass Star Grass Napier AGRONOMIC CROPS 7. Forage Crops Kakawate Leucaena Calopo Indigofera Flemingia AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification a. Green Manure b. Silage c. Green crop d. Catch/emergency crop e. Cover crop f. Supplement crop g. Companion crop AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification a. Green Manure ❑ Usually uses leguminous crops ❑ Grown and cut to be incorporated on the soil before reaching the reproductive stage ❑ Enhance or restores soil fertility AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification b. Silage ❑Type of feed such corn and rye that are preserved through fermentation process. ❑Can be stored and later used as animal feed when pasture is not available AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification c. Green Crop/Soilage ❑ Refers to fresh green forage cut and fed directly to livestock ❑ Not preserved AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification d. Catch/Emergency Crop ❑ Fast growing crop planted in between main crops. ❑ Used when the main crops have failed. ❑ Utilize the time and resources in the field that would otherwise be unproductive. ❑ Example: mung bean, sitao, pechay, kangkong, corn AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification e. Cover Crop ❑Crops planted on areas needing protection against wind and water erosion and nutrient loss through leaching ❑Needed especially on hilly or sloping areas ❑Example: centro, calopo, mungbean, sesban, napier, sunn hemp, etc. AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification f. Supplement Crop ❑ Crop grown as secondary crop used to provide grazing at a time when other pastures cannot be used or are not sufficiently productive ❑ Examples: napier, ipil- ipil, kakawate, cowpea, sesbania, kadios, moringa, mulberry AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification g. Companion Crops ❑ Crop grown alongside other crops to enhance growth, health and productivity. ❑ Consideration → Allelopathy ❑ Allelopathy in companion cropping refers to the interactions between plants where one species can influence the growth and development of another through the release of allelochemicals. ❑ These chemicals can have either beneficial or harmful effects, making allelopathy a significant consideration in companion planting strategies. AGRONOMIC CROPS 8. Special Purpose Classification g. Companion Crops  END OF AGRONOMIC CROPS CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION OF AGRONOMIC CROPS CROPS AGRICULTURAL CLASSIFICATION HORTICULTURAL CROPS HORTICULTURAL CROPS Intensive production system; generally small scale; high maintenance; usually perishables 1. Vegetables 2. Fruits 3. Ornamental Plants 4. Plantation Crops HORTICULTURAL CROPS I. Vegetables – there are 8 kinds and are classified according to similarities in their method of culture and parts consumed 1 Leafy Vegetables 5 Solanaceous crops 2 Cole crops or Crucifers 6 Cucurbits 3 Legumes or Pulses 7 Tree vegetables 4 Root and Bulb Crops 8 Other vegetables Horticultural Crops - Vegetables Definition of vegetables: Could be any portion of the5 plant (roots, flowers, tubers, bulbs, stem, leaves) Eaten with staples (rice) Consumed during main part of the meal. Usually cooked (or raw) and not sweet. Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 1. Leafy Vegetables - grown mainly for their leaves e.g. pechay, pakchoi, mustard, lettuce, kangkong, celery Brassica rapa var. Lactuca sativa - chinensis - Pak Lettuce choi /pechay Apilum graveolens Pak choi - Celery Pechay Ipomoea aquatica - Allium fistulosum – Kangkong/Swamp green onion, Welsh cabbage onion Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 1. Leafy Vegetables- grown mainly for their leaves e.g. pechay, mustard, lettuce, kangkong, celery etc. ‘Loose-leaf’ ‘Romaine’ or ‘Cos’ ‘Batavian’ ‘Iceberg’ Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 1. Leafy Vegetables- grown mainly for their leaves e.g. pechay, mustard, lettuce, kangkong, celery Squash Chayote tops Kamote tops Basella alba - Amaranthus spinosus - Alugbati/Malabar Kulitis/Spiny Amaranth spinach Talinum triangulare - Talinum  Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 2. Cole Crops – under the Brassicaceae Family. e.g. Broccoli, cauliflower, Cabbage B. oleracea var. capitata - cabbage Brassica oleracea var. B. rapa var. botrytis - Cauliflower pekinensis - Chinese Cabbage B. oleracea var. italica - Broccoli Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 2. Cole Crops – under the Brassicaceae Family. e.g. Broccoli, cauliflower, Cabbage Cauliflower  Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 3. Legumes – grown for their fresh green pods that belong to the family Fabaceae family e.g. beans, peas, lentils Phaseolus vulgaris - Snap Glycine max - Vegetable Beans, habichuelas Soybean/Edamame Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedales - Pole Sitao/Yard- long Bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus - Pisum sativum var. saccharatum - Winged Bean Snow pea  Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 4. Root and Bulb Crops – grown for their swollen underground structures (roots and modified roots) Tuberous Roots Tuberous Stem Modified Underground Stem Bulbs Daucus carota - Carrots Colocasia Zingiber officinale esculenta - Taro Allium sativum - Garlic Solanum tuberosum - - Ginger Raphanus sativus - Radish Potato Allium cepa - Onion Sweet Potato Xanthosoma Dioscorea alata - sagittifolium - Yautia Ube Cassava Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 5. Solanaceous crops – crops mainly grown for their fruits Capsicum annuum - Hot Peppers Solanum melongena - Eggplant Capsicum annuum - Sweet Peppers Solanum lycopersicum - Tomatoes  Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 6. Cucurbits– Grown for their edible fruits belonging to Cucurbitaceae family e.g. squash, ampalaya, watermelon, upo Luffa acutangula Luffa cylindrica – Cucurbita Cucurbita – ridge gourd sponge gourd Sechium edule - pepo - maxima - Chayote pumpkin Squash Trichosanthes anguina - Momordica charantia - Cucumis sativus - Cucurbita pepo - Lagenaria siceraria Snake gourd Bitter gourd/melon Cucumber Zucchini - Bottle gourd Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 6. Cucurbits– Grown for their edible fruits that belong to Cucurbitaceae family e.g. squash, ampalaya, watermelon, upo Honeydew Melons – Cucumis melo var. inodorous Melons Muskmelons – C. melo var Watermelons reticulatus Citrullus lanatus Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 7. Tree Vegetables – the economic parts such as flowers and leaves are borne on trees e.g. Moringa and Sesbania Moringa oleifera Moringa/ horseradish tree/ drumstick tree Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 7. Tree Vegetables – the economic parts such as flowers and leaves are borne on trees e.g. Moringa and Sesbania Sesbania grandiflora - Katuray/ Sesban  Horticultural Crops - Vegetables 8. Other Vegetables Immature papaya Immature jackfruit Abelmoschus esculentus Ladies’ finger/ okra Bamboo shoots Asparagus officinalis - Zea mays var. rugosa – Asparagus Sweet corn Horticultural Crops II. Fruit Crops – there are around 4 major types of fruit according to where they are borne and the fruit structure they have. 1. Tree Fruits 2. Small Fruits 3. Nut Fruits 4. Herbaceous Perennial  Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits - are fruits borne on trees Anacardiaceae Caesalpiniceae Mangifera indica– Tamarindus indica – Spondias purpurea – mango tamarind sineguelas/Spanish plum Annonaceae Clusiaceae Annona squamosa– Annona reticulata – Annona muricata – Garcinia mangostana – sugar apple/ atis anonas Soursop/guyabano mangosteen Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits Mango ‘Carabao’ ‘Pico’ Manila Super Mango ‘Katchamitha’ or Indian mango Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits ‘Carabao’ Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits ‘Carabao’  Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits Mimosaceae Malpighiaceae Ebenaceae Pithecellobium dulce– camachile Malpighia emarginata – acerola Diospyros kaki – Diospyros blancoi – persimmon Velvet apple/kamagong/mabolo Lauraceae Meliaceae Persea americana– Lansium domesticum – Sandoricum koetjape – Avocado/alligator pear lanzones Santol, cottonfruit  Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits - are fruits borne on trees Moraceae Myrtaceae Syzigium cumini – Guapple black plum/ duhat Artocarpus heterophyllus – Guava Artocarpus odoratissimus – jackfruit Psidium guajava marang Artocarpus altilis – Artocarpus camansi – Syzigium aqueum – water breadfruit breadnut Syzigium samarangense – apple/tambis wax apple/macopa Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits - are fruits borne on trees Averrhoa bilimbi – Kamias, cucumber tree Malvaceae Oxalidaceae Durio zibethinus – durian Averrhoa carambola – starfruit Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits - are fruits borne on trees DURIAN CULTIVARS Malvaceae Durians of Brunei ‘Monthong’ ‘Chanee’  Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits - are fruits borne on trees Citrus x sinensis – blood orange Citrus x sinensis Citrus reticulata - Citrus x paradisi - mandarin – sweet orange grapefruit Citrus maxima – pomelo, Rutaceae pummelo Citrus latifolia – Citrus aurantifolia Citrus hystrix – Citrus x microcarpa – Citrus limon - lemon Persian lime – Key Lime Kaffir Lime calamansi, calamondin  Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits - are fruits borne on trees Chrysophyllum cainito – star apple, caimito Litchi sinensis– lychee Nephelium Sapindaceae lappaceum – Sapotaceae rambutan Spinterns/ hairs Manilkara zapota – Pouteria campechiana – Aril Chico, chicle, sapodilla Dimocarpus longan– Tiesa, canistel, egg fruit longan  Horticultural Crops - Fruits 1. Tree Fruits - are fruits borne on trees Phyllantaceae Muntingiaceae Muntingia calabura– Aratilis, Kerson fruit, Jamaica cherry Antedesma bunius – Bignay, currant tress, wild cherry Horticultural Crops - Fruits 2. Small Fruits - are fruits NOT borne on trees Passifloraceae Bromelliaceae Cactaceae Passiflora edulis – Ananas comosus– Selenicereus spp.– Passion fruit pineapple Dragon fruit, pitahaya Horticultural Crops - Fruits 2. Small Fruits - are fruits NOT borne on trees Bromelliaceae Cactaceae Dragon Fruit Pineapple ‘Queen’ ‘Red Spanish’ ‘Smooth Cayenne’ ‘MD2’ Pink Pineapple Horticultural Crops - Fruits 2. Small Fruits - are fruits NOT borne on trees Fragaria x ananassa– strawberry Rosaceae Vitaceae Vitis vinifera– grapes Horticultural Crops - Fruits 3. Nut Fruits - fruits are enclosed by a stony endocarp and are borne on trees Burseraceae Anacardiaceae Canarium ovatum – Anacardium Pili nut occidentale – cashew Horticultural Crops - Fruits 3. Nut Fruits - fruits enclosed by a stony endocarp that are borne on trees Prunus dulcis – almond Castania sativa – Pistacia vera - Pistachio chestnut Juglans regia– Corylus avellana - Carya illinionensis - walnut Macadamia integrifolia - Hazelnut Pecans Macadamia nuts “King of Nuts”  Are they nuts? Peanut is not a nut. Peanut is a Coconut is not a nut. They are legume which grow in pods classified as drupes that has a hard underground unlike true nuts that stony covering enclosing the seeds. grow on trees.  Horticultural Crops - Fruits 4. Herbaceous perennial – Fruits are borne on non- woody stems Musaceae Caricaceae Carica papaya - papaya Musa spp. - banana Horticultural Crops - Fruits 4. Herbaceous perennial – Fruits are borne on non- woody stems Papaya Banana HORTICULTURAL CROPS III. Ornamental Crops – classified according to special uses. Classification is based on the specific plant part aesthetically value and on the form in which the plants are maintained or marketed 1 Cutflowers 4 Foliage Plants 2 Cut Foliage 5 Landscape Plants 3 Flowering Pot Plants 6 Turf Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Roses – Rosa spp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Chrysanthemum spp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Anthurium spp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Gladiolus spp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Zantedeschia aethiopica – Calla Lily Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Dendrobium sp. Orchids Vanda sanderiana Cattleya sp. – waling-waling Phalaenopsis amabilis – moth orchid Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Aster amellus - Baby Aster Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Gerbera x hybrida Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Heliconia spp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 1. Cutflowers - Also known as “Florist Crop” which are grown for its attractive flowers; characterized by having a longer vase-life Lilium orientalis – Stargazer lily Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 2. Cutfoliage – known as “Florist Greens”; grown for their foliage which provides background in floral arrangements.  Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 2. Cutfoliage – known as “Florist Greens”; grown for their foliage which provides background in floral arrangements. Caryota mitis - Fish Nephrolepis Tail Palm exaltata - Boston Livistona Fern rotundifolia - anahaw Asparagus setaceous - Asparagus Fern Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 3. Flowering Pot Plants - Grown in containers for their beautiful flowers for display purposes. Adenium sp. – Desert Rose Bougainvillea sp. - Bougainvillea Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 3. Flowering Pot Plants - Grown in containers for their beautiful flowers for display purposes Adenium sp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 3. Flowering Pot Plants - Grown in containers for their beautiful flowers for display purposes Petunia x hybrida Amaryllis - Hippeastrum sp. Crown-of-thorns - Euphorbia sp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 4. Foliage Plants – Grown in containers for their attractive foliage Cordyline sp. – Aglaonema sp. Ti plant Codiaeum sp. – Croton Caladium bicolor. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 4. Foliage Plants – Grown in containers for their attractive foliage Alocasia sp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 4. Foliage Plants – Grown in containers for their attractive foliage Sansevieria sp. – snake plant, mother-in-law’s tongue Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 4. Foliage Plants – Grown in containers for their attractive foliage Philodendron sp. Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 4. Foliage Plants – Grown in containers for their attractive foliage Commonly propagated thru stem/root cuttings ‘Song of Jamaica’ ‘Song of India’ Dracaena reflexa Dracaena reflexa Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 5. Landscape plants – Plants grown for landscape purposes. Almost all ornamental plants can be utilized as landscape plants Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 5. Landscape plants – Plants grown for landscape purposes. Almost all ornamental plants can be utilized as landscape plants EDIBLE LANDSCAPE GARDEN IN UPLB EDIBLE LANDSCAPE GARDEN – combines ornamental plants with food crops grown for their beauty. Also known as foodscaping Horticultural Crops – Ornamentals 6. Turf – turf grasses are used for lawns or greens (grass for golf). Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops IV. Plantation Crops ❑ Principal products can be substituted for one another ❑ Undergoes secondary processing ❑ May be classified according to their useful components as follows: 1. Oil crops 2. Fiber crops 3. Beverage crops 4. Spices, condiments & essences 5. Latexes & resins 6. Medicinal & Poison crops  Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 1. OIL CROPS Ricinus Coconut/Copra communis- Castor Aleurites moluccanus – African Oil Palm Lumbang tree  2. Fiber Horticultural crops Crops - Plantation Crops 2. FIBER CROPS – grown for their fiber used for textiles, cordage, pulp, paper, twines, etc. e.g. agave, kapok, cotton,abaca Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 2. FIBER CROPS – grown for their fiber used for textiles, cordage, pulp, paper, twines, etc. e.g. agave, kapok, cotton,abaca Agave spp. Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 2. FIBER CROPS – grown for their fiber used for textiles, cordage, pulp, paper, twines, etc. Our banknote or paper money is printed on imported currency based paper made from: 20% - abaca 80% - cotton Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 2. FIBER CROPS – grown for their fiber used for textiles, cordage, pulp, paper, twines, etc. e.g. agave, kapok, cotton,abaca Ceiba pentandra - Kapok Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 3. Beverage crops - Grown and used for brewing non-alcoholic beverages e.g. coffee, cacao, tea Theobroma cacao - cacao tree/cocoa tree Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 3. Beverage crops - Grown and used for brewing non-alcoholic beverages e.g. coffee, cacao, tea Coffea spp. - coffee Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 3. Beverage crops - Grown and used for brewing non-alcoholic beverages e.g. coffee, cacao, tea Cat poop coffee – from civet cat Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 3. Beverage crops - Grown and used for brewing non-alcoholic beverages e.g. coffee, cacao, tea Camellia sinensis - tea  4. Spices, Horticultural CropsCondiments & Essences - Plantation Crops 4. Spices, condiments and Essences - grown to provide special flavours, scents and color to food, perfume, soaps and body dressings Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 4. Spices, condiments and Essences - grown to provide special flavours, scents and color to food, perfume, soaps and body dressings Spices Bixa orellana – Laurus nobilis – Rosmarinus officinalis Cymbopogon citratus– Zingiber officianale – Cinnamomum verum– annatto, atsuete laurel leaves – rosemary lemon grass ginger ginger Piper nigrum – Vanilla planifolia – Illicium verum – Ocimum basilicum– Capsicum frutescens – Black pepper vanilla orchid star anise basil, sangig wild chili pepper  4. Spices, Horticultural CropsCondiments & Essences - Plantation Crops 4. Spices, condiments and Essences - grown to provide special flavours, scents and color to food, perfume, soaps and body dressings Cananga odorata – commonly known as ilang-ilang or perfume tree which is one of the most extensively used materials in the perfume industry. It is also called the “Queen of perfumes” Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 5. Latex and Resins – Grown for their sap (latex or resins) tapped from the bark Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 6. Medicinal Plants – Plants which provide curative and laxative effects. Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 6. Medicinal Plants – Plants which provide curative and laxative effects. Peperomia pellucida– Centella asiatica– Blumea balsamifera– Artemesia vulgaris – Shining bush plant, sinew-sinaw Gotu-kola Gotu-kola Mugwort, hilbas Curcuma longa – Vitex negundo – Euphorbia hirta – Chromolaena odorata – Clinopodium douglasii – Turmeric. Luyang-dilaw Lagundi, chaste tree Asthma-plant, tawa-tawa Hagunoy, devil weed Yerba-Buena, mint Horticultural Crops - Plantation Crops 6. Medicinal Plants – Plants which provide curative and laxative effects. Some commercialized medicinal plants