Nasal Cavity Anatomy PDF

# Choana is: - posterior sections of the upper nasal meatus + opening from the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx - posterior sections of the lower nasal meatus - posterior sections of the common nasal passage # The outflow of blood from the external nose occurs in: -orbital vein + anterior facial ve...

# Choana is: - posterior sections of the upper nasal meatus + opening from the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx - posterior sections of the lower nasal meatus - posterior sections of the common nasal passage # The outflow of blood from the external nose occurs in: -orbital vein + anterior facial vein -thyroid vein -lingual vein # The vomer is part of the wall of the nasal cavity: -top -lower -lateral +medial # Thickness of the perforated plate of the ethmoid bone: -1 мм +2 –3 мм -4 -5 мм -5 -6 мм # The turbinates are located on the wall of the nasal cavity: -top -lower +lateral -medial # The upper wall of the nasal cavity does not include: -frontal bone +palatine bone -nasal bone -main bone # The vestigial Jacobson's organ in the nasal cavity is located: -on the bottom wall +on the nasal septum -in the middle turbinate -in the middle meatus # The Kisselbach area in the nasal cavity is located: + in the anterior inferior part of the nasal septum -in the upper part of the nasal septum - in the mucous membrane of the inferior nasal concha -in the mucous membrane of the middle turbinate # The main role in warming the air in the nasal cavity is played by: -bone -cartilage tissue +cavernous tissue - mucous glands # A feature of the structure of the nasal mucosa is: -presence of goblet cells -presence of mucous glands +presence of cavernous plexuses in the submucosal layer -presence of ciliated epithelium # Upper resonators do not include: -nose and sinuses -pharynx and vestibule of the larynx + subglottic space of the larynx -cranial cavity # Parosmia is: -decreased sense of smell -lack of sense of smell +perverted sense of smell -olfactory hallucinations # The nose and its paranasal sinuses are supplied with blood from: +systems of the external and internal carotid arteries -vertebral artery system -lingual artery system -superior thyroid artery # Nerve fibers pass through the perforated plate of the ethmoid bone: -wandering +olfactory -1 branch of the trigeminal -2 branches of the trigeminal # The ostiomeatal complex does not include: -anterior end of the middle turbinate +nasal septum -uncinate process and semilunar fissure - cribriform bladder  #The paranasal sinus borders the pterygopalatine fossa: - wedge-shaped -frontal +maxillary -lattice labyrinth # Dehiscences are: +congenital clefts in the bones -polyposis-modified tissue -osteomyelitis of bone tissue - bone growth covered with mucous membrane # The thinnest wall of the maxillary sinus: -medial +upper -lower -front # Average volume of the maxillary sinus in an adult: -2.0 cm³ + up to 10.5 cm³ -20.0 cm³ -25.0 cm³ # Thickness of the anterior wall of the main sinus: -before1 мм +1 –2 мм -2 –6 мм -6 –10 мм # Adjacent to the upper wall of the sphenoid sinus: - pituitary gland only + frontal lobe of the brain, pituitary gland -temporal lobe of the brain -occipital lobe of the brain # The opening of the optic nerve is located on the wall of the main sinus: -on the back -on the front +on the top -on the outside # Adjacent to the lateral wall of the main sinus: -external carotid artery + internal carotid artery - jugular vein -basilar artery # Location of the main sinus outlet: -lower nasal passage -medium nasal passage +upper nasal passage -choana # The upper wall of the external auditory canal borders on: - anterior cranial fossa +middle cranial fossa -posterior cranial fossa -mastoid process # Do not provide sensitive innervation to the external ear: -cervical plexus -nervus vagus +facial -trigeminal # The motor nerve for the muscles of the auricle is: +facial -trigeminal -wandering -occipital # On the auricle, the skin is tightly fused with the perichondrium in the area: - convex surface +concave -lobes -not fused # The diameter of the ear canal in an adult is: -0.5 –0,6 см -0.6 –0,7 см +0.7 –0,9 см -1.0 –1,1 см # The layers of the eardrum from the external auditory canal are located in the sequence: -cutaneous, mucous, connective tissue +cutaneous, connective tissue, mucous - connective tissue, skin, mucous - connective tissue, mucous, cutaneous # The greatest distance of the tympanic membrane from the medial wall of the cavity: -in its center -in the lower anterior quadrant + in the posteroinferior quadrant -in the posterosuperior quadrant # The line, which is a continuation of the hammer handle, divides eardrum to: + front and back halves -upper and lower halves - front and middle parts - back and middle parts # This formation on the eardrum is not anatomical: - hammer handle + light reflex - front and back folds -short process of the malleus # Does not apply to eardrum identification points: -short process of the malleus -posterior and anterior folds of the tympanic membrane - hammer handle +long process of incus # The eardrum in young children is thicker than in adults due to: -fibrous - middle layer - only the epidermal layer -due to all three layers +due to the epidermal and mucous layers # The sections of the middle ear are located from front to back in this sequence: -auditory tube, mastoid process, tympanic cavity -tympanic cavity, auditory tube, mastoid process +auditory tube, tympanic cavity, mastoid process -tympanic cavity, mastoid process, auditory tube # On this wall of the tympanic cavity the auditory tube opens: - rear - top - lower + front # This formation is not included in the sections of the tympanic cavity: - epitympanum - mesotympanum + antrum - hypotympanum # This can explain the frequency of otitis media in young children: + the auditory tube is wide and short - absence of ciliated epithelium in the auditory tube - underdevelopment of the auditory tube - absence of the bony part of the auditory tube # The round window is covered: - foot plate of the stapes - facial nerve - with a hammer + secondary tympanic membrane # Formation not bordering the tympanic cavity: - mastoid process + anterior cranial fossa - antrum - the mouth of the auditory tube # This formation does not relate to the sound-conducting system: - external auditory canal + organ of Corti - eardrum - fluid of the inner ear # True volume of the tympanic cavity: - 0.5 sm/cube + 1.0 sm/cube - 2.0 sm/cube - 2.5 sm/cube # On this wall of the tympanic cavity there is a gap between petrous and scaly parts of the temporal bone: - on the front - on the back + on the top - on the bottom # Not located on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity: - labyrinth windows + entrance to the cave - horizontal genu of the facial nerve - tympanic plexus # The average length of the auditory tube in an adult: - 1 sm + 3,5 sm - until 5sm - 5–10 sm # The jugular bulb borders this wall of the tympanic cavity veins: - top - front + bottom - back # The tubular or carotid wall of the tympanic cavity is: - top - lower - external + front # The descending or vertical genus of the facial nerve passes into thicker: - the lower wall of the tympanic cavity - the upper wall of the tympanic cavity + the lower part of the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity - the lower part of the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity # The outer wall of the tympanic cavity is formed only by: - eardrum - a bone plate extending from the upper bone wall of the auditory passage - bony plate of the lower wall of the auditory canal + tympanic membrane # Drum string does not produce fiber: - taste for the tongue on its side - secretory to the salivary gland - to the nerve vascular plexuses + to the muscles of the tympanic cavity # This structure of the auditory tube does not occur normally: - the narrowest point is about 24 mm from the pharyngeal orifice - in the bone part in section it looks like a triangle - in the membranous -cartilaginous section the walls are adjacent to each other + in the membranous -cartilaginous section the tube gapes # Under the medial wall of the entrance to the cave there is : - lateral semicircular canal + facial nerve - sagittal semicircular canal - frontal semicircular canal # There is no outflow of blood from the tympanic cavity: - into the pterygoid and carotid plexuses - middle meningeal vein - into the stony sinus and bulb of the jugular vein + into the transverse sinus # According to the nature of pneumatization, the mastoid process cannot be: - pneumatic type of structure - diploetic or spongy type - sclerotic or compact type + fibrous type of structure # This line is not the boundary of the Shipo triangle : - superiorly – temporal line – continuation of the zygomatic arch - straight , passing along the back wall of the external auditory canal to temporal line - vertical connecting the posterior edge of the apex of the mastoid process and temporal line + vertical connecting the anterior edge of the apex of the mastoid process and temporal line # Blood supply to the mastoid region is due to: + posterior auricular artery - facial - occipital - jaw # Does not provide maximum sound transmission from the middle ear to the cochlea: - the vibrating surface of the eardrum, which is 17 times larger than the base of the stirrup, i.e. energy increases 17 times - the handle of the malleus, which is 1.3 times longer than the short process of anvils - vibration of the eardrum and the lever mechanism of the auditory chain bones, leading to an increase in strength by 22 times (up to 25 d- + the presence of dehiscence on the upper wall of the tympanic cavity # The bony labyrinth of the inner ear does not include: - cochlea + internal auditory canal - vestibule - semicircular canals # The membranous semicircular canals communicate with : - cochlea + with an elliptical bag - with the aedolimphatic duct - with a spherical bag # The cochlea is a bony spiral canal that in humans has: - 1 turn around the bone rod – modiolus - 1.5 -2 + 2.5 # Staircase vestibule (scala vestibuli ) and drum ( scala tympani ) divided: - only with a bone spiral plate - only the basilar or main membrane - only Reissner membrane + above with Reissner’s membrane , below with a bone spiral plate and main membrane # Between the bony wall of the cochlea and the cochlear duct is: - endolymph + perilymph - liquor - cortilymph # The perilymph communicates with the subarachnoid space through : - hole - helicotrema + cochlea aqueduct - round window - semicircular canals # Sections of the membranous labyrinth related to the vestibular labyrinth to the analyzer: - cochlear duct - scala vestibular  + semicircular canals - scala tympani # The inner ear is supplied with blood by the artery: - internal carotid - occipital + vertebral - temporal # The widest part of the basilar plate is located: - at the base of the cochlea + at the top - near the spherical sac - in the middle part of the cochlea # Hair cells of the organ of Corti are located in : - perilymph - endolymph + cortilymph - interstitial fluid # How many parts does the ear have: - 2 parts + 3 parts - 4 parts - 5 parts # The organ of Corti is located: - in the staircase vestibule - in the scala tympani + in the cochlear passage - in a spherical bag # The sound strength when transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the foot plate of the stapes increases approximately: - by 10 dB + by 25 dB - by 50 dB - by 100 dB # Sound engineering suffers more from: - disturbances of vibrations of the main membrane + stirrup mobility disorders - thickness of the eardrum - restrictions on the mobility of labyrinth fluids # The human ear is able to perceive sounds with frequency: - from 1 to 10 thousand hertz - from 16 to 40 thousand hertz + from 16 to 20 thousand hertz - from 0 to 5 thousand hertz # In a comparative tuning fork study of hearing from the mastoid process and the tragus, we perform: - the experience of Jelly + the experience of Federici - the experience of Weber - the Schwabach experience # Negative samples of Jelly, Rinne and Federici are most typical for: - sensorineural hearing loss - sudden deafness + otosclerosis - epithympanitis # The phenomenon of reflection of a sound wave from obstacles encountered in its path( way) is called: + echo - diffraction - reverberation - interference # The main role in the trophy of the spiral organ is: - perilymph - endolymph + vascular strip - cortilymph # The centers of the statokinetic analyzer are located: + in the temporal and parietal lobes - in the ancient cortex and frontal lobe - in the occipital lobe of the brain - in the cerebellum and medulla oblongata # The otolith apparatus is located: - in the inner ear canal - in the cochlea + in the vestibule - in the semicircular canals # The direction of nystagmus is judged by its: + fast component - slow component - plane - amplitude # Labyrinthine balance disorders are directed towards: + the slow component of nystagmus - fast component of nystagmus - slow and fast components of nystagmus - neither slow nor fast components of nystagmus # Adiadochokinesis is a specific symptom of the disease: - the temporal lobe of the brain + cerebellum - vestibular analyzer - auditory analyzer # The larynx is located at the level of: + IV – VI cervical vertebrae - II - IV cervical vertebrae - VI – VII cervical vertebrae - VII - VIII cervical vertebrae # The larynx is a hollow organ, the basis of it is: - bone structures - muscles + cartilage, muscles, ligaments - elastic cone # The cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx are: + hyaline - elastic - mixed (gealine - elastic) - rudimentary # The cricoid and thyroid cartilages are connected to each other: - tightly – motionless + by means of a joint - by a single muscle and hang on each other - do not connect with each other # The vocal muscle is attached to the posterior end to: - horn-shaped cartilage + vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage - muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage - the base of the arytenoid cartilage # The true vocal fold is attached with the anterior end: + to the corner of the thyroid cartilage - to the hyoid bone - to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage - to the arch of the cricoid cartilage #False vocal folds are: + duplicate of the mucous membrane - muscle formations - continuation of the true vocal folds - cavity pockets # The larynx is located: - to the right of the esophagus - to the left of the esophagus + anteriorly from the esophagus - posteriorly from the esophagus # The conical ligament of the larynx is located: - in the lumen of the larynx between the arytenoid cartilages + on the anterior surface of the larynx between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages - between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid bone - between the arch of the cricoid cartilage and the trachea #The material basis of the voice is: - nerve impulse + air flow - sound vibrations - mechanical vibrations #The largest laryngeal lumen is: - an average of 6 mm. + an average of 15 mm. - an average of 20 mm. - an average of 40 mm. # The vocal folds are set in motion by: + nerve impulses from the cerebral cortex - vibrations of the air flow in the lumen of the larynx - volitional muscle contractions - shifting cartilage of the larynx # Tracheal bifurcation is: - the place of transition of the larynx into the trachea - the membranous posterior wall of the trachea - the cartilaginous semicircles of the trachea + the place of division of the trachea into two main bronchi # Floors of the pharynx: - anterior, posterior - cephalic, caudal + nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx - perinatal, perinatal, sublingual # Name the layers of the pharynx: - bony, muscular, submucosal, mucous - muscular, lymphoid, mucous + connective tissue, muscular, submucosal, mucous - connective tissue, muscular, submucosal, lymphoid # According to the author, the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring is called: - Simonovsky-Vincent + Waldeyer-Pirogov - Epstein-Barr - Voyachek # There are tonsils in the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring: -4 +6 -8 - 10 #Palatine tonsils are located on the border of: - gustatory and digestive systems + respiratory and digestive systems - gustatory and respiratory systems - respiratory and olfactory systems #The functional basis of the tonsils of the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring is: - glandular tissue - connective tissue + lymphoid tissue - lacunar tissue # The surface of the tonsils increases significantly due to: - digescences + crypts - santorini cracks - almond niches #Caseous plugs are: + accumulation of microbial bodies, exfoliated epithelium and leukocytes - purulent discharge - glandular discharge - mucopurulent discharge #"Adenoids" are called hypertrophy: - lingual amygdala - tubal tonsils - palatine tonsils + pharyngeal tonsils #The throat is: + a hollow organ that is part of the digestive tube and respiratory tract - a hollow organ consisting of cartilage and ligamentous apparatus - a digestive organ - all of the above #The nasopharynx communicates with: + nasal cavity and auditory tube - larynx - esophagus - oral cavity # The nasopharynx is located: + from the base of the skull to the 3rd cervical vertebra - from the vault of the pharynx to the soft palate - from the root of the tongue to the entrance to the esophagus - above the trachea at the level of the bodies of the 4th cervical vertebra # The nasopharyngeal tonsil is located: - only on the back wall + on the top - on the side walls - at the mouths of the auditory tubes # Tubal tonsils are located - on the lateral walls of the oropharynx - in the vault of the nasopharynx - on the back wall of the nasopharynx +on the lateral walls of the nasopharynx # Oropharynx has : - edges of the soft palate - anterior and posterior palatine arches - roots of the tongue + all of the above # Multilayered squamous non-keratinizing epithelium is located: - in the nasopharynx + in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx - in the nasal cavity - all of the above # The pharynx is supplied with blood: - a.pharyngica ascendens - a.platina ascendens - a.palatina de-scendens + all of the above # Palatine tonsils have only: - pain sensitivity - tactile sensitivity - temperature sensitivity + all of the above # The continuation of the retropharyngeal space is: - anterior mediastinum + posterior mediastinum - parapharyngeal space - paravertebral space # The nasopharynx is examined using: + posterior rhinoscopy - anterior rhinoscopy - pharyngoscopy - laryngoscopy # the palatine tonsils have: + 12 – 20 lacunae - 4-10 lacunae - 10-15 lacunae - 3-5 lacunae # The palatine tonsils are maximally developed to: + 10 years - 20 years old - 5 years - 1 year # Pain in the ear and high body temperature up to 39C are characteristic of otitis media: + non-perforative stage of acute purulent - perforated stage of acute purulent - stage of regeneration of acute purulent - exudative # Paracentesis for acute purulent otitis media is not indicated for: - hyperemia, bulging eardrum - high body temperature 38-39C - meningismus + marginal perforation of the tympanic membrane # Tuning fork tests for exudative otitis media: - Schwabach’s experiment is extended, + Rinne negative - Weber's experiment - in a healthy ear - Rinnes are positive # Acute purulent otitis media is observed at the age of: + up to 3 years - up to 14 years old - in old age - at any age # The first period of acute purulent otitis media is characterized by: + the occurrence and development of the inflammatory process in the middle ear - perforation of the eardrum - suppuration from the ear - cessation of the inflammatory process # The inflammatory process in acute purulent otitis media involves: - 2 layers + all 3 layers of the eardrum - 1 layer - the eardrum is not involved # Vasoconstrictor nasal drops for acute purulent otitis media are used: - to relieve inflammation in the ear - to improve hearing + to restore the drainage and ventilation functions of the auditory tube - not prescribed # Differential diagnosis of acute purulent otitis media should be carried out with: + acute external otitis - otomycosis - labyrinthitis - adhesive otitis media # Bleeding from the ear is a consequence of: - skull fracture - transverse fracture of the pyramid of the temporal bone + trauma to the external auditory canal or longitudinal fracture pyramids of the temporal bone - otohematomas # Indications for paracentesis are available for: + acute purulent otitis media - adhesive otitis media - acute catarrhal otitis media - chronic purulent epitympanitis # Characteristic otoscopic symptom of mastoiditis: + overhang of the posterosuperior wall in the bony part of the external auditory canal - suppuration - shortening of the light cone - retraction of the eardrum # Subperiosteal abscess in mastoiditis is localized: - in the ear canal - in the dura mater + under the periosteum of the mastoid process - on the surface of the sigmoid sinus # Progressive perichondritis of the external ear is not characterized by: - steady, lumpy swelling of the skin - fluctuation during the formation of purulent exudate between the perichondrium and cartilage + deformation of the earlobe - purulent melting of the cartilage of the auricle # With otomycosis there cannot be: - hyperemia and infiltration of the skin of the anteroinferior wall of the membranous-cartilaginous part of the auditory canal - narrowing of the lumen and hyperemia of the skin in the bony part of the ear canal + the skin of the ear canal is pale pink, the eardrum is retracted - the entire length of the ear canal is narrowed, the skin is infiltrated and slightly hyperemic # A living foreign body is easier to remove: - crochet + immobilize by dripping oil into the ear canal and remove - tweezers - don’t touch it, it will come out on its own # Perforation in the tense part of the tympanic cavity is typical for: + chronic purulent mesotympanitis - chronic purulent epitympanitis - chronic exudative otitis media - chronic sensorineural hearing loss # According to the localization of the inflammatory process, labyrinthitis can be only: + limited or diffuse - diffuse - limited - localized # Headache with otogenic abscesses of the brain and cerebellum is more often: + intense, localized, paroxysmal - diffuse, intense, bursting - absent - radiating to the pharynx # Body temperature in otogenic abscess of the brain, cerebellum is more often: - hectic (with several changes of 1.5 - 2.0 ° during the day) – remitting course of fever - febrile (38 - 40°), fluctuates during the day, but no more than 1° + subfebrile (37.2-37.9) - normal (up to 36.9) # Otosclerosis is more common in: - men 40-60 years old + women 20-40 years old - in early childhood - in infancy # Nystagmus in Meniere’s disease: - pressor + spontaneous - post-rotational - large-scale # Indications for hearing aids are: - retcochlear hearing loss + reduction in the perception of sounds in the speech frequency zone of more than 40 dB - unilateral hearing loss - all of the above # In the etiopathogenesis of a furuncle of the nose, the following is of primary importance: - the presence of an atrophic process in the nasal cavity - inflammation of the nasal mucosa + local decrease in the resistance of the skin and the whole body to infection - climatic factor # An important role in the pathogenesis of furuncle of the nose is played by: - exudation - decreased vascular permeability + thrombosis of small blood vessels - increased vascular permeability # The rules for removing foreign bodies from the nasal cavity in children do not include: - child restraint - round foreign bodies are removed with a blunt hook - flat foreign bodies are removed with tweezers + pushing foreign bodies into the nasopharynx # During submucosal resection of the nasal septum, the following is removed: - triangular cartilage + quadrangular cartilage - sesamoid cartilage - nasal cartilage # The most informative method in diagnosing nasal septum abscess is: - R - nasal bone graph + anterior rhinoscopy - posterior rhinoscopy - CTG of the paranasal sinuses # Epistaxis most often occur from: - inferior turbinate - middle turbinate + anterior - lower part of the nasal septum - posterior nasal septum # Epistaxis caused by coagulation disorders hemostasis occur when: - hypothyroidism - C - vitamin deficiency + hemophilia - thrombocytopenic purpura # To stop epistaxis from the anterior parts of the nasal cavity, do not use: - coagulation of the vessel - insertion into the nasal cavity of a swab moistened with 2% hydrogen peroxide + posterior tamponade - pressing the wings of the nose to the nasal septum # The stage of irritation in acute rhinitis usually continues: + from several hours to 1 – 2 days - from 30 minutes to 2 hours - 3 – 4 days - up to a week # The basis of drug therapy for acute catarrhal rhinitis in adults is the appointment of: - antihistamines and antipyretics + antimicrobial and vasoconstrictor agents - vasoconstrictors and antipyretics - physiotherapy and acupuncture # To diagnose frontal sinusitis the following is used: - X-ray of the temporal bone according to Schüller - X-ray of the temporal bone according to Mayer + radiography of the paranasal sinuses in frontal and lateral projections - cytological examination # The cause of odontogenic sinusitis is the pathology of the teeth of the upper jaw: - 2.3 + 4,5,6 -7 -8 # The most optimal access for purulent sphenoiditis during surgery on the sphenoid sinus: + endoscopic - according to Denker - according to Caldwell -Luke - according to Ivanov # Puncture of the maxillary sinus is carried out through: + inferior nasal passage - middle nasal passage - superior nasal passage - bottom of the nasal cavity # The least invasive treatment for sinusitis is: + “ YAMIK sinus catheter” - puncture of the maxillary sinus - sinus dialysis method - permanent drainage method # The main route of infection spread during the development of rhinogenic orbital complications: + contact - otogenic - traumatic - lymphogenous # When pus breaks through into the retrobulbar tissue with a subperiosteal abscess of the orbit, the following occurs: - cerebellar abscess + cellulitis of the orbit - brain abscess - sinus thrombosis # Sinus thrombosis often occurs when - paratonsillar abscess - acute maxillary sinusitis - acute frontal sinusitis + boil of the nose # Symptom not related to meningeal : + Ortner - Kernig - Brudzinsky - stiff neck # Acute and chronic inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil is called: - epiglotite - tonsillitis + adenoiditis - pharyngitis # The absolute indication for adenotomy is: - deviated nasal septum - vasomotor rhinitis + recurrent otitis media - choanal polyp # Treatment of pharyngeal neuroses includes: - physical therapy only - only novocaine blockades - only psychotherapy + all of the above # Leading etiological factors for pharyngitis: - alcohol, smoking + excessive vocal stress, cold or hot food, impaired nasal breathing - violation of the voice mode, congestion in the pharynx due to cardiac decompensation - work in a cold room # Forms of chronic pharyngitis: - hyperplastic and necrotic - serous and purulent + catarrhal, atrophic, hypertrophic - catarrhal, allergic, necrotic # Follicular tonsillitis is characterized by: - hyperemia of the arches - widened mouths of the lacunae of the palatine tonsils - white or light yellow deposits in gaps + suppurated follicles of the tonsils # With a blood disease, secondary angina is observed when: - hemophilia + leukemia - capillarotoxicosis - hemorrhagic vasculitis # Ludovig 's tonsillitis is: + phlegmon of the floor of the mouth - sore throat, the causative agent of which is the symbiosis of a spindle-shaped rod and an oral spirochete - inflammation of the laryngeal tonsil - adenoiditis # Indications for tonsillectomy are: - the patient's desire - regional lymphadenitis - sore throats up to 2 times a year + ineffectiveness of conservative therapy # Juvenile angiofibroma must be differentiated from: - chronic tonsillitis + adenoids - hypertrophy of the lingual tonsil - tubootitis # Conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis includes: - probing of the tonsils + remediation of gaps - tonsil rotation - lubrication of the back of the throat # Complications after tonsillectomy include only: - bleeding - acute cervical lymphadenitis - phlegmon of the neck + all of the above # The cause of sore throat can most often be: - enterococcus, influenza virus + streptococcus, staphylococcus, pneumococcus - meningococcus, - Coxsackie virus # Burns of the pharynx are most often caused by: - ammonia - caustic soda + acetic acid - other acids # Change in hemogram not typical for brain abscess: + lymphocytosis - leukocytosis - neutrophilia - accelerated ESR  # Symptom characteristic of an abscess of the frontal lobe of the brain: + radiating pain to the back of the head - visual impairment - stiff neck muscles - no mental disorder # Complications of sinus thrombosis cannot be: + labyrinthitis - meningitis - brain abscess - cerebellar abscess # Complication of cavernous sinus thrombosis cannot be: - meningitis - meningoencephalitis - brain abscess + mastoiditis # With rhinogenic extradural abscess, the function of which nerve is not impaired - diverting - facial + recurrent - lingual # With a cyst of the sphenoid sinus, the following is indicated: + sphenoidotomy - ethmoidotomy - opening of the maxillary sinus - frontotomy # An invasive method of treating ethmoiditis is: - fluid movement by the Proetz methods - antibioticotherapy + puncture of the ethmoid sinus - frontotomy # The method of treatment of maxillary sinusitis is: - the use of hemostatics - trepanopuncture of the frontal sinus - endoscopic ethmoidotomy + puncture of the maxillary sinus # Pansinusit is: - inflammation of all sinuses on one side + inflammation of all paranasal sinuses - inflammation of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses - inflammation of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses # Hyperemia and swelling in the cheek area are characteristic of: - frontitis + maxillary sinusitis - ethmoidite - sphenoidite # Morphological form not characteristic of sinusitis: - exudative - parietal hyperplastic + papillomatous - polypous # The direction of movement of the Kulikovsky needle during puncture of the maxillary sinus: - up - down + in the direction of the outer corner of the eye - perpendicular to the nasal cavity # One of the main methods of treating sphenoiditis is - the use of diuretics + the use of a sinus catheter "YAMIK" - vitamin therapy - antineuritic treatment # Ozena is: + a type of atrophic rhinitis - a type of hypertrophic rhinitis - allergic rhinitis - acute catarrhal rhinitis # The paroxysmal course of nasal disease is characteristic of: + vasomotor rhinitis - chronic sinusitis - catarrhal rhinitis - atrophic rhinitis # In the treatment of atrophic rhinitis, use: + Vitamins A and E - 3% Euphyllin - Bismuth preparations -Protargol solution # The cause of the development of perforation of the nasal septum is not: - abscess of the nasal septum - ozena + acute purulent sinusitis - tertiary syphilis # A drug that improves the conduction of impulses in the cholinergic synapses of the auditory system: - Trental - Aloe extracti + Galantamine - Tanakan # Teaches lip reading with hearing loss of 3-4 degrees: + sign language teacher - audiologist - speech language pathologist - otolaryngologist # Acutrauma occurs as a result of exposure to sound exceeding: -140dB -160 dB -130dB -120dB # The cause of thrombosis of the sigmoid sinus and sepsis following it is: - caries of the zygomatic process +purulent inflammation of the middle ear, spreading to the mastoid process - purulent inflammation of the cells of the ethmoid labyrinth - catarrhal inflammation of the middle ear # In the treatment of purulent otogenic meningitis, only: - extended radical surgery is performed - antibiotic therapy, dehydration and detoxification - antromastoidectomy, antibiotic therapy + extended radical surgery with exposure of dura mater and sigmoid sinus, antibiotic therapy, dehydration and detoxification # Spontaneous labyrinthine nystagmus is: - omission of the lower eyelid - inflammation of the hair follicle + involuntary oscillatory movement of the eyeballs - impaired visual acuity # The most common complication of acute adenoiditis is: - angina - acute frontitis + acute otitis media - epiglottis # The nature of pain with foreign bodies in the pharynx: - cutting + stabbing - aching - bursting # The most common cause of iatrogenic laryngeal stenosis: + prolonged intubation of the larynx - heart surgery - radiation burns of the larynx - inadequate antibacterial therapy # Laryngeal stenosis is divided into degrees: - two - three + four - five # In acute laryngeal stenosis, surgery is indicated outside the medical institution - microtracheotomy - tracheotomy - tracheostomy + conicotomy # In case of chronic cicatricial stenosis of the larynx of the II degree, tracheostomy is: + an interventional paliative operation - radical surgery - optional surgery - contraindicated # With increasing symptoms of suffocation, a tracheotomy should be performed for laryngeal stenosis: - at the compensation stage + in the stage of subcompensation - asphyxia - in the absence of stenosis # Laryngotomy most often leads to laryngeal paresis during surgery on the neck organs: - laryngotomy + strumectomy - esophagotomy - tracheostomy # Unilateral laryngeal paresis should be differentiated from: - laryngitis - functional dysphonia - laryngeal papillomatosis + ankylosis of the cricothyroid joint # «False croup» (stenosing laryngotracheitis ) is more often observed: - in puberty - in adolescence + at the age of 1-3 years - in old age # Laryngoscopic picture with "false" croup is: - enlargement of the epiglottis - paresis of the true vocal folds - the presence of white films and plaque in the subclavian department + narrowing of the subglottal space in the form of red rollers # Epiglottitis is characterized by a laryngoscopic picture: - abscess at the root of the tongue - abscess on the epiglottis + enlargement, edema and hyperemia of the epiglottis - narrowing of the space below the glottis # Functional dysphonia is: - organic laryngeal disease + decreased tone or hypertonus of the laryngeal muscles - manifestation of hysteria - somatic manifestation of mental illness # The glottis in the presence of singing nodules in the larynx during the phonation has the form of: - a triangle - rectangle - oval + hourglass # The most typical localization of benign tumors of the larynx: - false vocal folds - hypopharynx + true vocal folds - space below the glottis