Urinalysis/Body Fluids PDF
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San Lorenzo Ruiz College of Ormoc, Inc.
Michele Zitzmann
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Summary
This document provides information on urinalysis, specifically focusing on the kidneys, nephrons, and the composition of urine. It details the nephron structure and function, and explains urine formation and composition. Diagrams are provided, and the text is aimed at a student audience.
Full Transcript
81 URINALYSIS/BODY FLUIDS...
81 URINALYSIS/BODY FLUIDS by Michele Zitzmann* Kidney Nephron Distal Tubule lomeru 1,1 Cortex /' H+ I Medulla \ Proximal ! Tubule Glucose Salts - - - -'I-"! Amino Acids Ureter u::: ollecting J ") Loop of Henle Diagrams adopted with permission from Modem Urine Chemis/JY Manua/;Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc~ 1996 Renal Physiology 2. on-selective filter of plasma NEPHRON substances of less than 70,000 MW 1. Major functional unit of the kidney 3. Water, glucose, electrolytes, amino acids , urea, uric acid, creatinine, and 2. Approximately I million per kidney ammonia comprise the glomerular filtrate 3. Composed of glomerulus and r enal tubules 4. Filters 120 ml/min, or one-fifth of renal GLOMERULUS plasma 1. Coil of capillary vessels TUBULES FUNCTION Reabsorbs water, Sodium Chloride, Bicarbonate, Potassium, Calcium, Amino Acids, Proximal Tubule Phosphates, Protein, and Glucose Glucose - Threshold Substance -Reabsorb at 160-180 mg/di or less Secretes - Sulfates, glucuronides, Hydrogen ions and drugs loop of Henle Reabsorbs water Descending No solutes reabsorbed Loop of Henle Reabsorbs Solutes (Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, and Magnesium Ascendin2 No water reabsorbed Distal & Collecting Reabsorbs Sodium Tubules Secretes Potassium, Ammonia and Hydrogen ions Potassium ions exchanged for sodium ions *od ginal contribution hy LilJhy Spence 82 URINE VOLUME VOLUME DISEASE AND CAUSES Normal Average of 1200-1500 ml/day Polyuria >2500 ml/day Diabetes insipidus, Diabetes mellitus, diuretics Caffeine, alcohol, excessive water intake Oliguria
