Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging PDF

Stay Home-Stay Safe Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging Slide 1 fchs.ac.ae Content Medical Imaging Organization 1. Historical Background 2. Professional personnel 3. Support personnel 4. Patient Services fchs.ac.ae Objective Understand the hist...

Stay Home-Stay Safe Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging Introduction to Radiography & Medical Imaging Slide 1 fchs.ac.ae Content Medical Imaging Organization 1. Historical Background 2. Professional personnel 3. Support personnel 4. Patient Services fchs.ac.ae Objective Understand the history of ionizing radiation Describe the contributions of individuals in the field of medical imaging X-Ray Production fchs.ac.ae Terms Radiology :is the science of radiation. Radiography : is the use of radiation to produce an image. Radiograph : is the image produced using radiation. Radiographer/ X-ray Technician : is professional who is responsible for producing high quality image using X-ray. Radiologist : the physician who practice radiology And diagnoses the images fchs.ac.ae Historical Background fchs.ac.ae Discovery of X-Ray Then, on November 8, 1895, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a German physicist, was working with a Crookes tube at the University of Wurzburg. In his darkened laboratory, he enclosed the tube with black photographic paper so that no light could escape. Across the room, a plate coated with barium platinocyanide crystals, a fluorescent material, began to glow. Roentgen noted that the plate fluoresced in relation to its distance from the tube, becoming brighter when the plate was moved closer. fchs.ac.ae He placed various materials, such as wood, aluminum, and his hand, between the plate and the tube, noting variations in the effect upon the plate. He spent the next few weeks investigating this mysterious energy that he called "x ray," x being the symbol for the unknown. By the end of the year, Roentgen had identified nearly all of the properties of x-rays known today. He was awarded the first Nobel Prize in physics in 1901 in recognition of his discovery. fchs.ac.ae Early Radiographers During his early experimentation with x-rays, Roentgen produced the first anatomic radiograph, an image of his wife's hand. The first radiographers were physicists familiar with the operation of the Crookes tube. As x-ray-generating equipment was installed in hospitals and physicians' offices, physicians learned to take radiographs and soon developed techniques to demonstrate many different anatomic structures. Physicians who used x-rays began to train their assistants to develop the photographic plates and to assist with x-ray examinations. In time, many of these assistants became skilled in radiography. fchs.ac.ae fchs.ac.ae Medical Imaging department The department where you receive your clinical experience in radiography may be called the radiology department. Since the early use of x-rays in medicine, radiology has been the term applied to the science of medical imaging. Because some of the new imaging modalities do not involve the use of x-rays, some radiology departments have been renamed diagnostic imaging departments. fchs.ac.ae Professional personnel & Support personnel fchs.ac.ae Radiology Organization Similar to the organization of hospital, the formal structure radiology department is subset of large organization. It has the same focus on hospital mission to service pt. fchs.ac.ae Typical organizational structure of the medical imaging department. Hospital Administrator Medical Staff Organization Director of Diagnostic Services Diagnostic Imaging Manager Radiologist Chief nuclear technologist Chief Radiotechnologist MRI- CT Supervisor Radiotechnologist Support Personnel fchs.ac.ae Subdepartments of Radiology large department are often divided into Subdepartments or section such as; – Radiography – Ultrasound – Nuclear medicine – Positron emission tomography (PET) , – Computer tomography(CT) – Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) – Vascular ultrasound – Interventional radiology – Radiation therapy and oncology fchs.ac.ae Professional Personnel in radiology department Radiologic technology is technical science that deals with x-rays or radioactive substances. Radiologic technologist is general term applied to a person qualified to use x-ray (radiography) or radioactive substances (Nuclear medicine) to produce images of internal parts of the body for interpretation by physician known as radiologist. Radiologist is the physician who read and writing a reported for the images. Radiotherapy technologist fchs.ac.ae A.THE ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE DEPARTMENT The radiology services in a modern hospital may be divided among several departments under the supervision of a radiology manager, who works with radiologists and the hospital administration to establish policies and budgets for the various imaging departments. He has direct responsibility for operation and organization , which include; staffing, planning, educating, supervising, coordinating, communicating, maintaining safety and minimizing hazards in workplace. fchs.ac.ae The radiology manager may also supervise several groups of employees, such as those in radiography, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, cardiovascular angiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Under the manager's direction, groups of employees may be referred to as teams or "quality teams." fchs.ac.ae B.PROFESSIONAL PERSONAL One who's deal with x-ray or radioactive substances for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in medical is (radiological technologist) Radiologist is one who's reading the images. fchs.ac.ae The Practice Standards for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy, Defines: – The clinical practice, – Technical activities, and – Professional responsibilities of imaging and therapeutic professionals. Course: FRD 4061 Medical imaging science and methods 6 (Image Interpretation)Lecture : Emergency Spine Slide 19 fchs.ac.ae C.SUPPORT PERSONNEL Imaging departments also require support staff. Depending on the size of the department and the organization of the hospital, support personnel may include administrative assistants, receptionists, a medical secretary, and transportation service personnel. There may also be an information systems manager with a staff to maintain patient files, image files, and the computerized images organized in PACS. fchs.ac.ae PATIENT SERVICES – Radiography (x-ray imaging) – Fluoroscopy (special investigations) – Ultrasound scan ( abdomen, gynecology, obstetrics, etc. ) – Nuclear medicine (bone scan, lung scan, thyroid scan, etc.) – Positron emission tomography (PET) , – Computer tomography(CT) – Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) – Vascular ultrasound – Interventional radiology – Radiation therapy and oncology – Bone density measurement (DXA) fchs.ac.ae fchs.ac.ae X-ray Machine Abdomen X-ray fchs.ac.ae Objectives 1. Define medical imaging term 2. Differentiate between different types of imaging. medical 3. Explain x-ray production. fchs.ac.ae Medical Imaging Modalities Medical imaging is the technique and process used to create images of the human body for clinical purposes (medical procedures seeking to reveal, diagnose or examine disease) or medical science (including the study of normal anatomy and physiology). fchs.ac.ae The various types of radiological procedures may be grouped by the means in which their images are produced: 1. Transmission imaging, 2. Reflection imaging, 3. Emission imaging. fchs.ac.ae Transmission imaging X-rays, CT scans, and fluoroscopy are radiological examinations whose images are produced by transmission. In transmission imaging, a beam of high-energy photons is produced and passed through the body structure being examined. The beam passes very quickly through less dense types of tissue such as watery secretions, blood, and fat, leaving a darkened area on the x-ray film. Muscle and connective tissues (ligaments, tendons, and cartilage) appear gray. Bones will appear white. fchs.ac.ae Reflection imaging Reflection imaging refers to the type of imaging produced by sending high-frequency sounds to the body part or organ being studied. These sound waves "bounce" off of the various types of body tissues and structures at varying speeds, depending on the density of the tissues present. The bounced sound waves are sent to a computer that analyzes the sound waves and produces a visual image of the body part or structure. Ultrasound is an example of reflection imaging. fchs.ac.ae Emission imaging Emission imaging occurs when tiny, nuclear particles or magnetic energy are detected by a scanner and analyzed by computer to produce an image of the body structure or organ being examined. Nuclear medicine studies use emission of nuclear particles from nuclear substances introduced into the body specifically for the examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, for example, are obtained by using a large magnet to cause changes in the body tissue in order to detect magnetic energy in the body part or structure being examined fchs.ac.ae Types of imaging modalities according to type of radiation : 1- ionizing radiation 2- non-ionizing radiation fchs.ac.ae Routine Radiography Fluoroscopy Mammography Angiography CT-scan fchs.ac.ae Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) fchs.ac.ae Career in Radiology X-Ray Technologist Special Procedures Technologist CT Technologist Radiation Therapist Sonographer Radiology Nurse Nuclear Medicine Technologist Radiology Manager MRI Technologist Systems (PACS) Administer Mammographer fchs.ac.ae SEE YOU NEXT CLASS Slide 34 fchs.ac.ae