Ethics & Laws in Physical Therapy Profession PDF

Ethics&Laws in Physical Therapy Profession Assist.Prof.Dr / Hussein Mogahed Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy Cairo University PART (I) The Physical Therapy As A Profession The National Health Care Delivery Systems in Egypt Introduction: The health care in Egypt is provided by differ...

Ethics&Laws in Physical Therapy Profession Assist.Prof.Dr / Hussein Mogahed Assistant Professor of Physical Therapy Cairo University PART (I) The Physical Therapy As A Profession The National Health Care Delivery Systems in Egypt Introduction: The health care in Egypt is provided by different health system, which consists of government organizations. The main health care is provided by the Ministry of Health (MOH), which provides comprehensive health care services at all levels of care. Collaborates and coordination between the different health systems is required, so that the health needs of the different levels of the population at a cost they can afford. 1- What is Physical Therapy? 1.1 The nature of Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy is about working with people and populations to maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan. Physical therapy is particularly important in circumstances where movement and function are threatened by the process of ageing or that of injury or disease. It is concerned with identifying and maximizing movement potential, within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. This is achieved through interaction between physical therapist, patients or clients and care givers, in a process of assessing movement potential and in working towards agreed objectives using knowledge and skills unique to physical therapy. The physical therapists' distinctive view of the body and its movement needs and potential is central to determining a diagnosis and an intervention strategy and is consistent whatever the setting in which practice is undertaken. The nature of the physical therapy process  The process of physical therapy which is the service provided by, or under the direction and supervision of a physical therapist includes assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation. Assessment includes both the examination of individuals or groups with actual or potential impairments, functional limitations, disabilities, or other conditions of health by history taking, screening and the use of specific tests and measures and evaluation of the results of the examination through analysis. Planning begins with determination of the need for intervention and normally leads to the development of a plan of intervention, including measurable outcome goals negotiated in collaboration with the patient/client, family or care giver. 2-Where is physical therapy practiced? 2.1 The scope of physical therapy services Physical therapy is an essential part of the health service delivery system and is often undertaken within interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs for the restoration of optimal function and quality of life in individuals with loss and disorders of movement. Thus they may be concerned with one of the following purposes: * Promoting the health and well being of the individual and the general public/society. * Preventing impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities in individuals. * Providing interventions to restore integrity of body systems essential to movement, maximize function and enhance the quality of life in individuals. 3- What Characterizes Physical Therapy? 3.1 Assumptions underlying the knowledge and practice of physical therapy The following assumptions are embedded in this description and reflect the central issues of physical therapy. A- Movement : The capacity to move is an essential element of health and wellbeing. Movement is dependent upon: the integrated, coordinated function of the human body at a number of different levels. Movement is purposeful and is affected by internal and external factors. Physical therapy is directed towards the movement needs and potential of the individual. B- Individuals : Individuals have the capacity to change as a result of their responses to physical, psychological, social and environmental factors. Body, mind and spirit contribute to individuals' views of themselves and enable them to develop an awareness of their own movement needs and goals. Ethical principles require the physical therapist to recognize autonomy of the patient. C- Interaction : Interaction aims to achieve mutual understanding between the physical therapist and the patient/client and forms an integral part of physical therapy. Interaction is a pre-requisite for a positive change in body awareness and movement behaviors that may promote health and well-being. Interaction often involves partnership within interdisciplinary teams, in formulating the needs and goals of physical therapy intervention and recognizes the patient/client/care giver as being e an active participant in this process. D- Professional Autonomy : Professional education prepares physical therapists to be autonomous practitioners. Professional autonomy is possible for individual physical therapists as they practice with patients / clients and care givers to reach a plan and program of PT which will direct their physical therapy interventions. E- Diagnosis : Diagnosis within physical therapy is the result of a process of clinical reasoning which results in the identification of existing or potential impairments, functional limitations and abilities / disabilities. The purpose of the diagnosis is to guide physical therapists in identifying the most appropriate intervention strategies for patients/clients and in sharing information with them. Medical ethics Medical ethics is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research. Medical ethics is based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the case of any confusion or conflict. These values include the respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Such tenets may allow doctors, care providers, and families to create a treatment plan and work towards the same common goal. There are several codes of conduct. ‫ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك‬The Hippocratic Oath discusses basic principles for medical professionals. This document dates back to the fifth century BCE. Both The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and The Nuremberg Code (1947) are two well-known and well respected documents contributing to medical ethics.