PHA613: Perspectives in Pharmacy - PDF

-UNIT TITLE OUTLINE Unit 1: Called to Salvation in Christ Introduction I. Christ as the Image of the invisible God A. Dignity B. Core C. Hierarchy of Values D. Jesus Christ i. Jesus Christ, the Ultimate Revelation of the Father ii. Images of Jesus in the Gospels: The Way, The Truth, The Life DIGNIT...

-UNIT TITLE OUTLINE Unit 1: Called to Salvation in Christ Introduction I. Christ as the Image of the invisible God A. Dignity B. Core C. Hierarchy of Values D. Jesus Christ i. Jesus Christ, the Ultimate Revelation of the Father ii. Images of Jesus in the Gospels: The Way, The Truth, The Life DIGNITY ● is revealed in the very mystery of the person of JESUS CHRIST who is the image of the invisible God, and the Good Teacher o In Filipino: dangal / puri o Mustache = mysterious o Mystery = akala mo wala kang alam, pero enough na pala yung alam mo, kasi pag alam mo na lahat, hindi na siya mystery CORE ● In Latin, COR means heart. And so, we ask the question: “What is in our hearts?” ● “You’ve got to figure out what you love... and it's going to bring you great joy.” Jeff Bezos HIERARCHY OF VALUES ● Ranks or orders human needs according to importance, immediacy, and level of difficulty in terms of acquisition: at the bottom stands the physiological needs, while perched at the pinnacle is self- actualization What is the meaning and purpose of our life? ● It is natural for human beings to desire to be happy Aristotle ● Human beings, embark on a lifelong search for that absolute good, which will lead them to the happiness that never ends St.Aquinas If you are too focused inside, you will be depressed. If you are too focused focused outside stressed, but if you focused on God, you’ll be at rest Bene Scripsisti De me Thoma ● What do you want? ● “Domine Non Nisi Te” (Nothing but you Oh Lord” How do we attain God? Takeaways: ● By claiming that we are redeemed o Holy week ● The road that leads to God is described as: o “Narrow” o “Passing through the eye of a needle.” ● Are you a fan or a follower? Jesus Christ 1.) The Revelation of the father 2.) The Good Teacher 3.) Sheds Light on the Mystery and Dignity of the Human Person 4.) Calls us to discipleship Jesus Christ, the Ultimate Revelation of the Father ● It is only through Christ, the only true mediator between God and man, that human beings can reach God ● “No mission is activated and no identity is clarified apart from Christ.” PCP II ● We look up to Christ as the ultimate revelation of the Father, who calls us to communion, and as the good teacher who leads us to the Father A. God as our Personal Absolute ● “God is a personal absolute in whom is found the reason for our existence, and therefore, He is a being who gives absolute meaning to our lives.” Schillebeeckx, Edward. Christ the Sacrament of the Encounter with God. London: Sheed and Ward, 1963 ● beloved by God “God, infinitely perfect and blessed in Himself, in a plan of sheer goodness, freely created man to make him share in his own blessed life. For this reason, at every time and in every place, God draws close to man. He calls man to seek Him, to know Him, to love Him with all his strength.” Catechism of the Catholic Church ● Why do we love? ○ You can’t give what you do not have ○ We love because we are loved ● “To be a human being means to come from God and to go to God” ● God, as our personal absolute, gave Himself to us through the incarnation of Christ, His only Son our Lord importantly they feel or experience His love everyday of their lives ○ Matthew 14: 13-21, Matthew 5: 3- 12, Mark 2:13- 17, Luke 18:15- 17 HYPOSTATIC UNION “Jesus Christ is true God and true man” ● A theological term used with reference to the Incarnation to express the revealed truth that in Christ one person subsists in two natures, the Divine and the human. ● Hypostasis (upostasis) means, literally, that which lies beneath as basis or foundation ● C. Christ is Human in a Divine Way ● God’s coming down to meet His people also means raising them up and liberating them from their sinful condition. ● By becoming human… ○ Christ became an example for all people to follow because He manifested those characteristics that make man perfect ○ Jesus Christ, through His life, words, and works, revealed how people should live their lives ○ Jesus corrected the false belief that people are bad or helplessly sinful B. Christ is God in a Human Way ● God did more for human beings than for any other creature that He has created: ○ He shared His life with them, which happened perfectly through the incarnation of Christ ○ ● “In His Son and through Him, He invites men to become, in Holy Spirit, His adopted children and heirs of his blessed life.” CCC, 13 Through the mystery of Christ’s incarnation people actually live with God, have a special bond or relationship with Him, and most ● To be truly human is to be like God. That man can love, forgive, show compassion, and set aside prejudices toward others, shows that the divine is truly shared with the human. Images of Jesus in the Gospels: The Way, The Truth, The Life What is the meaning of life? Who am I? What must I do? ● Christ is the Way, the Truth, and the Life. Our Goal: Sequela Christi ○ It is only in the mystery of the incarnation of Christ that people can understand who they are and what their purpose in this world is ● “We rise from the temporary setbacks of our lives and we redirect ourselves back to Christ, “once we give up our own wealth and self.” Before performing his mission or public ministry, Jesus was led by the Spirit to the desert where he was tempted by the devil (Mark 1:12,13; Matthew 4:1-11; Luke 4:1-13). The devil wanted Christ to follow or surrender to His selfish desires. In other words, the temptation was for Christ to use His powers for his personal benefit, and consequently, disobey or contradict the reason why the Father sent Him, which is total surrender to the Father’s will. The very name of Jesus, which means “the one who is to save people from their sins” also means that Jesus is the greatest sign of God’s love for his people. ● ● ● Our Goal: Sequela Christi We rise from the temporary setbacks of our lives and we redirect ourselves back to Christ, “once we give up our own wealth and very self.” FORGIVENESS – makes us human and divine ● ● In the responses of the Disciples whom Jesus invited to follow Him as fishers of men (Matthew 4:19); Mary Magdalene, from whom Jesus cast out seven demons (Luke 8:2) and who later became the apostle to the apostles. ● In Saint Paul who became the apostle to the Gentiles Following Christ entails radical conversion: forgetting oneself and committing everything to Christ. ● Stripping the old self of that sinful life to take on the new white garment of Christ. ● It is dying to oneself but rising again as a new person configured to Christ, no longer living one’s life for one’s own but for Christ. ● Being immersed in the waters of baptism all over again and time and time again ● I give you a new commandment, that you love one another. Just as I have loved you, you should also love one another. ○ OUTLINE Unit 2: Jesus Christ as The Good Teacher II. Christ as the Image of the invisible God 1. Prologue A. Jesus opens up the Faithful to the Sacred Scripture B. Jesus reveals the Father’s Will C. Jesus teaches about the Moral Action D. Jesus sheds light on Man’s Lofty Vocation E. Christ is always present to His Church ● “Ano ang alam mo?” (By then, you will base from this question on how you’ll show yourself and treat the community.) ■ Ex: Tibetan do not eat fish: they buy fish just to free them because killing those small creatures is cruel. Individualism: ○ “Ito ang nararamdaman ko.” John Paul II exhorts people of today to “turn to Christ once again in order to receive from Him the answer to their deepest questions” (VS, 8). ○ ○ PROLOGUE ● ● ● ● ● A. TROLLEY CAR RIDDLE Reflection according to St. Thomas Aquinas: “What is the right thing to do?” Or simply, “What is the RIGHT WAY to do it?” B. WHY IS IT SO HARD TO ANSWER? Popular Notions of Morality: “There is no absolute freedom.” Subjectivism: “Individual conscience is sometimes false.” Behavioral Sciences: ○ Freedom: In theology, freedom is paradoxical: it is closely related to freedom by obedience. ■ “We have to be FREE FROM the bondage of SINS to be FREE TO LOVE.” ○ “Bago ka mag-judge, alamin mo muna kung saan ang pinanggagalingan.” ATTITUDE BEHAVIOR -Feelings -Actions -Determined by Consequences -S. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: Id, Ego, And Superego Relativism: ○ Cultural Relativism: “Kung saan ka nanggaling, iyon talaga ang mamomold sayo.” ○ “Is this what God wants for us?” (Our purpose is redirected) SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS do not intensify the belief of abandoning the lessons from your origin. Christ does not want to hurt people, but to enlighten them. JESUS OPENS UP THE FAITHFUL TO THE SACRED SCRIPTURE ● The Decalogue ( The Way and Condition Of Salvation) o “If you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments.” Matthew 19:17 • The Law: “Love God and love your neighbor.” (can’t be interchanged) o Hear O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord; You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might. Deuteronomy 6:4-7 • “You must love God above all others.” • “Love does not inflict pain: it’s the broken trust that causes it.” ● Excellence o Jesus shows that the commandments must not be understood as a minimum limit not to be gone beyond, but rather as a path involving a moral and spiritual journey towards perfection (VS, 15). • “Kung kaya mo pang magmahal; mahalin mo • • pa nang higit sa kaya mo.” “Is that what God really want from you?: ‘Go Beyond Minimum.’” “Avoid the mindset of mediocrity.” ● Moral Obligation o What’s Life?: “Commit yourself to the power of Christ and His redeeming grace.” o You are not living just for yourself: “Wala ka ngang ginagawang mali; wala ka rin namang ginagawang tama.” o “All of us have a responsibility for each other in preparation for a greater society.” JESUS REVEALS THE FATHER’S WILL ● ● The three-fold yeses covering the three dimensions of human life: (YES TO GOD!) ○ The Intra-Personal - Convince yourself to say no to sin. ○ The Inter-Personal - Influence people, especially those that are close to you to say yes. ○ Societal “Isang bala: tatlo matatamaan.” (When you say yes, it is a yes: so you must be true to yourselves) This demands a radical change of heart, a real conversion, manifested in a triple yes to self, others, and society, and grounded in the ultimate yes to God, overcoming the “No” of sin. JESUS TEACHES ABOUT MORAL ACTION ● ● Magbalik-loob ka sa Diyos: “Kahit walang nakakakita sayo; gumawa ka pa rin ng mabuti, dahil Siya, nakikita ang kaibuturan mo.” To go to the heart of the Gospel’s moral teaching and grasp its profound and unchanging content, we must carefully inquire into: ○ The meaning of the question asked by the rich young man in the Gospel. ○ The meaning of Jesus’ reply, allowing ourselves to be guided by Him. JESUS SHEDS LIGHT ON MAN’S LOFTY VOCATION The first and ultimate vocation of man is communion with God and there is only one way to respond to this calling: JESUS CHRIST. ● Our Ultimate Vocation: “To achieve Holiness. How? Through our only Standard: JESUS CHRIST and no one else.” ● The basic motivation for following Christ in moral action is, of course the Blessed Trinity: The eternal Father’s love for us, manifested pre-eminently in Jesus’ Paschal Mystery, and the Holy Spirit sent into our hearts who enables us to fulfill Christ’s own command: Love one another as I have loved you. o “You must love God above all others so you may love them unconditionally.” o “If you cannot love them, at least do not hurt them.” CHRIST IS ALWAYS PRESENT TO HIS CHURCH Christ empowered the Church to proclaim, without fear of error, faith and morals. o “If you have been revealed, proclaim it!” o Empowerment must be upheld. ● The Church must always be deeply conscious of her duty in every age to examine the signs of the times and interpret them in the light of the Gospel. o Follow the path of Christ: “It’s your responsibility to know your purpose.” ● The Church as the People of God among the nations, while attentive to the new challenges of history and to mankind’s efforts to discover the meaning of life, offers to everyone the answer which comes from the truth about Jesus and his Gospel. o TEACHER = AUTHORITY OF JESUS = MIRACLES ● OUTLINE Unit 1: Called to Salvation of Christ III. Jesus Sheds Light on the Mystery and Dignity of the Human A. Created in the Image and Likeness of God B. Redeemed by the Blood of Christ C. Made Holy by the Presence of the Spirit D. Christ as the One Who Sheds Light on the Dignity of the Human Person A. CREATED IN THE IMAGE AND LIKENESS OF GOD ➢ this sovereignty is not destructive domination. God calls man and woman, to share in his providence toward other creatures; hence their ❖ Called to Communion ➢ as images of the self giving love of God, human beings are capable of self-giving love as well. ➢ as products of divine self-gift, human beings should respond to God by Giving themselves to others. ➢ to give oneself to others as much as possible in imitation of the self-giving of God in the Trinity is the concrete living out of our being Of all visible creatures only man is: ● able to know and love his creator ● willed by God for its own sake ● called to share, by knowledge and love, in God’s own life. It was for this end that he was created, and it the fundamental reason for his dignity (CCC 356) ❖ Able to Know and Love His Creator ➢ created with Intellect and Free Will: to recognize the voice of God to “do good and avoid evil” ➢ Hence referred to as Moral Being ➢ Man’s reason enables him/her ❖ Willed by God for its Own sake ➢ Every human being is an irreplaceable and non-substitutable person, a kind of good that cannot be treated as an object of use or as means to end. ➢ As a subject, he/she is the one in charge of his/her life as he/she can act according to his/her conscience, in freedom and with sufficient knowledge. ❖ Called to be Stewards of Creation ➢ the companionship between man and woman is not of dominance but solidarity, not inferiority but complementarity, equity and not equality. ➢ As stewards of creation both man and woman are equally ordered to “subdue” the earth as His stewards. ❖ Therefore, being created in the image and likeness of God is both a gift and a task. ❖ The challenge to be true to who and what we are is an endless task - it never expires. ❖ We always look at Jesus Christ and strive to always model our lives to his, for we are not just any slave or servant who follows the will of his/her master but we are raised to the status. B. REDEEMED BY THE BLOOD OF CHRIST ❖ God elevated man to participation in the divine life and live in communion and belongingness with the Trinity ❖ With the entry of sin, this communion and belongingness was shattered, as well as their communion among themselves. ❖ Yet God did not abandon man altogether; instead, he held out the means of saving them by gathering men together to counter the chaos which was the consequence of sin. ❖ “That all of them may be one, as You, are in Me, and I am in You. May they also be in Us, so that the world may believe that you sent me. I have given them the glory You gave me, so that they may be one as we are one.” ❖ Man’s sins, following on original sin, are punishable by death. ❖ By sending his own Son in the form of a slave, in the form of a fallen humanity, on account of sin, God “made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. ❖ For in Christ and through Christ, and through Christ we have acquire full awareness of our dignity, of the heights to which we are raised, of the surpassing worth of our humanity and of the meaning of our existence.” CCC, 602 Ephesians 1:3-7 ❖ Praise be to our God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing in Christ. For He chose us in Him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in His sight. In love, He predestined us for adoption to Sonship through Jesus Christ, in accordance with His pleasure and will-to the praise of his glorious grace, which He has freely given us in the One he loves. In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, in accordance with the riches of God’s grace. Healing the wounds of sin, the Holy Spirit renews us interiorly through a spiritual transformation. He enlightens and strengthens us to live as “children of light” through “all that is good and right and true.” CCC, 1695 C. MADE HOLY BY THE PRESENCE OF THE SPIRIT ❖ When God touches man’s heart through the illumination of the Holy Spirit, man himself is inactive while receiving that inspiration, since he could reject it; and yet without God’s grace, he cannot by his own free will move himself toward justice in God’s sight. CCC, 1993 ❖ The merit of good works is to be attributed in the first place to the grace of God, then to the faithful. Man’s merit itself, moreover, is due to God, for his/her good actions proceed in Christ, from the predispositions and assistance given by the Holy Spirit. CCC, 2008 ❖ Being a witness of Christ, as in leading a life worthy of the Gospel of Christ is made capable of doing so by the gift of his Spirit which we can obtain through prayer, though the impulse to pray is still permeated with the promptings of the Holy Spirit. ❖ Healing the wounds of sin, the Holy Spirit renews us interiorly through a spiritual transformation. He enlightens us to live as “children of light” through “all that is good and right and true.” D. CHRIST AS THE ONE WHO SHEDS LIGHT ON THE DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON ❖ To understand man as a person is to point out that man is created by God with inviolable dignity. The Human Person in the Aristotelian-Thomistic Hierarchy of Beings ❖ provides a backdrop for the christian understanding of man. ❖ gives a view of human beings both in relation to ❖ In the ecology of the visible world, only human beings possess rationality ➢ Example: ■ Intellect ■ Free will ❖ Human beings - individual substance of rational nature (Individua Substantia Naturae Rationalis) The Human Person According to the Catechism * for Filipino Catholics ❖ Open and Relational ➢ persons are open and relational by nature ➢ no one exists by oneself ➢ Human existence does not precede relationship but born of relationship and is nurtured by it. ➢ Being a person means: ■ being by others ● our conception, birth, upbringing ■ being with others ● our family, friends, neighbors, business associates ■ being for others ● love, service ➢ Our trinitarian origin infers that this is how we have been: ■ this is how we have beenCreated by God ● as social beings ■ this is how we have been redeemed by Christ ● as people ■ this is how the Holy spirit works not only within but among as ● as the people of God, journeying towards our common destiny in God. ➢ Conscious Beings ■ persons are conscious beings, aware of themselves in their outgoing acts. ■ We possess this self-awareness through our knowing and free will. ■ By his reason, human beings: ● know the order of things established by God; ● understand how and what things should be. ● is imbued with the instinctive awareness of the unwritten decree inscribed in his heart. ● recognizes this as the voice of God constantly urging him to do good and avoid evil. ➢ Embodied Spirits ■ This stresses the unity between our “body and soul.” ■ the substantial unity of our body and soul is known as “hylomorphism” ■ our body is an essential part of our being human and not merely an “instrument” we “use” as we please. The Body ❖ Christian Faith: “good and honorable since God has created it and will raise it up on the last day” (GS 14) ❖ God the Son further dignified the body through his Incarnation; “the word became flesh and dwelt among us” (Jn. 1:14) ❖ St. Paul admonishes us: “You must know that your body is temple of the holy spirit, who is within - the spirit you received from God..So, glorify God in your Body” (1 Cor 6:19-20) The Soul ❖ serves as the form (the nature or essence of a thing that makes it what it is) of the body ❖ functions as the unifying principle that forms the one unique human being. ❖ needs embodiment Historical Realities ❖ As persons we are: ➢ pilgrims on-the-way, who gradually through time, become our full selves ➢ free to decide for ourselves; in this sense we are our own cause. ➢ developing in discernible stages, described in great detail by modern psychology ➢ integrating our past to our present existence to make us move into our future with a sense of integrity Unique Yet Fundamentally Equal ❖ all men are endowed with a rational soul and are created in God’s image; they have the same nature and origin and, being redeemed by Christ, they enjoy the same divine calling and destiny; there is here a basic equality between all men. GS, 29 ❖ Despite sharing common features of humanity, we do things differently. This implies therefore that we seriously consider each person’s uniqueness and originality. ○ OUTLINE Unit 4: The Encounter With Jesus Christ Is A Call To Discipleship 1. Prologue A. Christian Discipleship is Counter-Cultural and Radical Alterity B. The Church: Willed by God to Make Possible the Encounter with Christ ● ● PROLOGUE ● A. LIFE IS LIKE A CUP OF COFFEE “If you noticed, all the nice-looking expensive cups have been taken up, leaving behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your problems and stress. ○ ● Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we fail to enjoy the coffee. Savor the coffee, not the cups! The happiest people don’t have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything. Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly. ○ “We focus on externals/accidents, but what we are after is substance.” ○ ● ● ● ● We subconsciously intensify HYPOCRISY: “Money is Good.” “The world is enough for man’s needs, but it’s not enough for people’s greed.” B. WHAT DO WE CARE MOST ABOUT IN LIFE? EGOCENTRISM: “We think about ourselves and focus only on ‘I’.” “I”→Thrives to be happy→”Self-Love”→”Ako rin dapat”→”I should not be left out”→”Deserve ko ‘to” BUT: We must also strive for both “I” & “WE”. Not just for ourselves but for others as well. ● ● Emmanuel Levinas: Notions of The Other ■ “The primordial tendency of the ego is to live for itself and secure any means available and attainable in order to maintain a happy existence.” ■ “The “I” in its inwardness becomes the origin of meaning and determines whether or not something is valuable.” ALTERITY: Liberation from our own constricting egotism. ○ “We groom ourselves (our values) for the sake of others.” ○ “Hindi lang pala ito para sa sarili ko; yung mga ginagawa kong mabuti ay nakakaapekto rin pala sa iba.” Servant of your Neighbors ○ “You sought to help, but can’t because of broken trust; however, help them still because they resemble God.” apres vous (after you, please!) & me voici (Here I am!) ○ St. John Paul II - Moral Obligation Towards Others ○ Pope Francis - “If no one’s to be blamed, then everyone should be blamed.” ○ Gaston from Ratatouille - “Anyone can cook!” (If you have interest: anyone can serve) CHRISTIAN DISCIPLESHIP IS COUNTER-CULTURAL AND RADICAL ALTERITY ● THE TALES OF THREE TREES o “God’s plans supersedes all plans: efforts must be carried out to achieve goals pero hindi lahat goes as we plan because there are challenges; thus, all we can do is PERSEVERE!” ● Following Christ Is The Essential And Primordial Foundation Of Christian Morality. o “Listen to ME and follow ME.” o We go back to the questions: ● ○ •What must I do? •How do I distinguish good from evil? o We turn to Jesus Christ: ▪Doing the will of the Father: •We listen to his words. ▪The single-hearted one •We follow his actions. ▪Hunger for righteousness ● Discipleship o “If anyone should come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. (Matthew 16:24)” - • ▪Ultimate peacemaker and ▪Ultimate bearer of God’s mercy. ● To deny = Faith to God Cross = Generosity and Kindness ● A Disciple: o A lover of the Truth (speaks and express of it): “Jesus, the Way, the Truth, and the Life” o ● “To cure ignorance, we must have knowledge of the truth.” Christ crucified is: A picture of a happy man. ○ ○ The fulfillment of promise: to save us Freedom and Joy: Holy Perseverance THE CHURCH: WILLED BY GOD TO MAKE POSSIBLE THE ENCOUNTER WITH CHRIST ● How does one become a disciple? •A disciple imitates Jesus who gives primacy to the will of the Father. o CORRECT DISPOSITION: “Blessed are the merciful and grant them mercy.” Love what Jesus loved on the Cross. The Church was instituted by Christ to perpetuate His presence on earth. She signifies in a visible, historical and tangible form the presence and redeeming activity of Christ offered to all persons of every age, race and condition. ○ What is expected of a disciple? •A disciple lives in loving service of others. ● People don’t adhere to The Church because of history ■ Because of unjustified activities done by the fraile who are rejects from Spain. BUT: God is working on the Church, not the priest alone. ○ “The Church has always wished to serve this single end: that each person may be able to find Christ, in order that Christ may walk with each person the path of life.” ● As the sacrament of salvation of all, not only of the explicit members but also those who share in the “theandric communion without explicit awareness of Christic foundation:” ○ SALVATION is FOR ALL!