Pharmaceutical Technology Solutions PDF

Pharmaceutical technology Solutions Solutions are liquid pharmaceutical preparation contain one or more pharmaceutical substance dissolved in one or more suitable solvent to.produce single phase system General procedure for prepar...

Pharmaceutical technology Solutions Solutions are liquid pharmaceutical preparation contain one or more pharmaceutical substance dissolved in one or more suitable solvent to.produce single phase system General procedure for preparation of simple solution.weigh the solid ingredient and put it in a beaker-1 subtract the volume of liquid ingredient (if present) in the formula -2.from 3/4 of the final volume of prescription.dissolve the solid ingredients in the remaining amount of vehicle-3.add the liquid ingredient-4 convert the content of the beaker into the measuring cylinder and -5 complete the volume up to the required amount by the addition of the.vehicle transfere the content of the measuring cylinder to a wide mouth -6 bottle and put suitable label (label of external use is pink, while label for internal use is white) Standard solutions (stock solutions) Are solutions of known concentration (i.e its concentration exactly measured) these are strong solutions from which weaker solutions are.prepared Types of solutions solutions of liquid in liquid, such as (alcohol in water)-1 solutions of gas in liquid, such as (ammonia solution)-2 solutions of solid in liquid, such as (Nacl in water)-3 Classification of solutions according to the method of preparation.solutions prepared by simple solution method-1.solutions prepared by chemical reaction-2 Ali k. Abbas  Pharmaceutical technology solutions prepared by simple solution with sterilization such as -3.ophthalmic solution, anticoagulant, irrigating sol., physiologic sol.solutions prepared by extraction-4 Types of solution dosage forms (according to their :composition) syrups (aqueous solution containing sugar)-1 elixirs (combination of water and alcohol)-2 spirits (solution of aromatic materials if the solvent is alcohol)-3 aromatic waters (solution of aromatic material if the solvent is -4 aqueous) tinctures or fluid extracts (solutions prepared by extracting active -5 constituent from crude drugs depending on their method of preparation and their concentration) injections and ophthalmic solutions (solutions prepared to be sterile -6 and pyrogen-free) :Note During preparation of pharmaceutical solutions some problem arises, :these problems can be controlled by the followings To increase the solubility of substances, we can reduce the particle -1 size by using mortar and pestle (example: crystal form, large.particles) If we have two solvents in the same prescription; we dissolve the -2 solid substance in the solvent that have more ability to dissolve it.(alcohol, water) If we have material that has very fine particle size we must not use -3 stirrer in dissolving it because particles will adhere around stirrer, so.we use circulating of the beaker instead of stirrer.If there is liberation of any gas, the container must be opened -4 sometimes we need to increase the solubility by certain method -5.(ex: PH, complexation) Ali k. Abbas  Pharmaceutical technology Carminative mixture for infants Rx Sodium bicarbonate 0.06 g Aromatic spirit of ammonia 0.06 ml Compound tincture of cardamom 0.12 ml Glycerine 0.3 ml Peppermint water Q.S 4 ml Ft.mist Mitt. 40 ml Sig. t.i.d pc Calculations Factor =40/4=10 Sod. Bicarb. =0.06×10 = 0.6g Ar.sp.of ammonia =0.06×10 = 0.6ml Comp.tr.of cardamom =0.12×10 = 1.2ml Glyserine =0.3ml×10 = 3ml Pepp.water =4×10 = 40ml 30ml=3/4×40 30ml-(3ml+1.2ml+0.6ml) = 25.2 ml Procedure.Dissolve 0.6g sod.bicarb. in 25.2ml of pepp.water in a beaker -1 Add 0.6ml ar.sp. of ammonia , 1.2ml of comp.tr.of cardamom then -2.add 3ml of glycerine to the content of the beaker convert the content of the beaker into the measuring cylinder and -3.complete the volume up to 40ml by the addition of pepp. Water transfere the content of the measuring cylinder to a wide mouth bottle -4.and put a suitable label :Note.Glycerine acts as soothing and sweetening agent Ali k. Abbas  Pharmaceutical technology Carminative mixture for adult Rx Sodium bicarbonate gr vii Aromatic spirit of ammonia ɱ xv Compound tincture of cardamon ɱx Strong tincture of ginger ɱi Peppermint water Q.s fξ i.Ft. mist Mitt. fξ iv.Sig. fξ ss t.i.d p.c :Procedure.The same steps for preparation of mist. Carminative of infant :Notes.Sodium bicarb. act as gastric antiacide.Aromatic spirit act as carminative agent.Comp.card.tr act as flavouring agent.Tr. Of ginger act as flavouring and antispasmodic agent Pepp. Water act as flavouring and carminative agent, also it is.diluting agent used as solvent Strong tr.of ginger which is used in carminative mixture of adult.must not added for infant because it is strong for use to infant Aqueous iodine sol. (Lugals sol.) Rx Iodine 50 g Potassium iodide 100 g Purified water Q.s 1000 ml Ali k. Abbas  Pharmaceutical technology.Sig. 0.3 ml diluted with milk or water three times daily :Procedure.dissolve iodine in concentrated KI sol-1.shake well until iodine dissolved-2.complete the volume with purified water to 1000 ml-3 :Notes Lugals sol. used internally in treatment of thyrotoxicosis (preoperative.treatment) and in hypothyroidism We dissolve the iodine in KI instead of water because the iodine has.more solubility in KI solution than in water Weak iodine sol. (tr.iodine).Rx Iodine 25 g K.iodide 15 g Dis.water 25 ml Alcohol 90% Q.s 1000 ml.Sig. b.i.d used externally :Procedure The same method as Lugals sol. except completing the volume with.alcohol 90% to 1000 ml :.Strong iodine sol.Rx Iodine 100 g K.iodide 60 g D.W 100 ml Ali k. Abbas  Pharmaceutical technology Alcohol 90% Q.s 1000ml :Note.Weak and strong iodine sol. used as antiseptic -Mandles paint –throat paint.Rx KI 25 g Alcohol 90% 40 ml Water 25 ml Iodine 12.5 g Peppermint oil 4 ml Glycerol Q.s 1000 ml :Procedure.dissolve 25 g of KI in 25 ml of water-1.dissolve 12.5 g of iodine in the KI sol-2 dissolve 4 ml of peppermint oil in 40 ml of 90% alcohol , and transfer -3.it to the iodine sol. Then mix.complete the volume to 1000 ml by glycerine-4 :Note.Throat paint used for tonsillitis and pharyngitis.Iodine used as antiseptic.Glycerol used as preservative.Pepp. Oil used as flavouring agent Sol.I and Sol.II Sol. I sodium thiosulphate 15-20% Sol. II tartaric acid 3-5%.Sig. apply sol. I then after two minute apply sol. II on the skin Ali k. Abbas  Pharmaceutical technology :Procedure.By simple sol. Method :Notes.This prescription used as antifungal We can not mix sol. I and sol. II in the same bottle due to the chemical reaction between them which we use it to precipitate the.sulphur in the infected area of skin as antifungal Ali k. Abbas