Grade 9 English Textbook PDF - Government of Nepal

ENGLISH Grade 9 Government of Nepal Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Curriculum Development Centre Publisher: Government of Nepal Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Curriculum Development Centre...

ENGLISH Grade 9 Government of Nepal Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Curriculum Development Centre Publisher: Government of Nepal Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Curriculum Development Centre Sanothimi, Bhaktapur © Curriculum Development Centre All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted in any other form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher. However, this does not prohibit making photocopies of its pages for teacher training or other non-profit making purposes. First Edition: 2022 Send your comments and suggestions to: Curriculum Development Centre Phone: 01-6630-588, Fax: 01-6630-797 Email: [email protected] Website: moecdc.gov.np  Preface A textbook is a main tool for the use of students on a particular subject that is usually developed based on a curriculum to meet its curriculum standards. This ‘English Grade 9’ textbook was developed to address the main aims of Secondary Education. It aligns with the intent pursued by the National Curriculum Framework for School Education, 2076 and was developed fully in accordance with the Secondary Level English Curriculum, 2078. All components of each lesson in the textbook are equally important and they have the specific aim of presentation so as to fulfill the learning outcomes stated in the curriculum. This textbook, initially prepared by a team that includes Mr. Nim Prakash Singh Rathaur, Mr. Ananda Dhungana and Mr. Pashupati Pandya, has been revised by a team comprising of Dr. Gopal Prasad Pandey, Dr. Neil David Rose, Mr. Ramesh Dhakal, Mr. Shankar Adhikari and Mr. Nabin Khadka. Several people notably; the Director General, Mr. Ana Prasad Neupane, the subject committee chairperson, Prof. Dr. Jib Lal Sapkota and the subject committee members; Prof. Dr. Rishi Ram Rijal, Mr. Madhav Prasad Ghimire, Ms. Maiya Niraula Pokharel and Mr. Tuka Raj Adhikari have contributed significantly on the development of this book. The contribution made by other experts and the practitioners; Mr. Parshu Ram Tiwari and Mr. Matrika Subedi is also appreciated. The illustrations in the book were designed by Ms. Shaili Malla and Kushal Adhikari. Art editing of this textbook in its four-coloured version was done by Shreehari Shrestha. The Curriculum Development Centre extends sincere gratitude to all of them. With the view that the learning of English should be based on authentic materials, we have retrieved and adapted the texts and tasks including the audios from various authentic sources. Therefore, the Centre would like to extend its acknowledgements to all of them. This textbook may be used to deliver the foundation for the content of the curriculum, the balance of skills to be taught and the types of language practice the students are to take part in. However, teachers can adapt the contents and tasks as per the need and context of their individual students. This textbook can be used as the primary resource for classroom teaching but teachers are encouraged to make use of their own resources to supplement the language learning of their students. The Curriculum Development Centre always welcomes constructive feedback for the betterment of its publications. Government of Nepal Ministry of Education,Science and Technology 2022 AD Curriculum Development Centre  Table of Contents Project Unit Title Reading Speaking Listening Grammar Writing Page Work Paragraph Poon Hill Yoga Present Making Letter Travel and Trek in Nepal continuous holidays plans and Telephone Going to future 1 Stopping by Interview 1 expressing conversation Simple future Woods on a Future intentions continuous Snowy Evening The Acceleration Modals: should, Health and behind Suggesting, ought to, had Paragraph hygiene 2 Telehealth advising and Description better, Presentation 13 Conditional type Recipe Services warning 2&3 Health is Wealth Family, market Making Thomas and Modals: would, Letter to the Narrating and public requests and 3 Jerry could, can place Conversation head teacher a special 27 responding Dance Paragraph event to requests Death is a Expressing Present simple Fiction condolence Condolence Newspaper 4 Life and death Conversation subject verb 38 Crossing the and agrement Email cutout Bar sympathy 5 Ethics, norms Why “I’m Apologising Conversation Present Interpretation of Display 52 and values Sorry” Doesn’t and continuous charts Always responding Letter Translate to an JetBlue’s apology Apology 6 Custom and Sky Burials Asking for Description Yes/no questions Essay Picture 65 culture Surprising permission reported speech design Customs 7 Ecology and How do Making, Description Conditional Paragraph Picture 79 environment Animals Spend accepting type 1 Letter to the drawing the Winter? and editor The Resistant rejecting Moths. offer 8 Science and Humanoid Describing Conversation Relative clause News story Debate 93 technology Robot Sophia people, place News article The Alternative and things Energy Sources 9 Work and The Ant and the Getting Conversation Causative verbs Interpretation of Survey 107 leisure Grasshopper things done Passive charts Leisure Essay 10 The Earth and A Message Locating Description Prepositions Account Searching 120 Space from Another places Rules and Planet regulations Up-Hill 11 Gadgets and Save your Giving Instruction Reported speech: Recipe internet 132 instruments Smartphone instructions statement and Newspaper surfing Weather imperative article Instruments 12 People and Paulo Coelho Giving Giving Articles Book review Personal 145 places Madam and directions direction Biography profile Her Madam 13 Organization Asian Describing Conversation Connectives Advertisement Organiza- 158 profile and Development purpose and A message of tion profile authority Bank Institute function congratulations (ADBI) Congratulation Letter 14 History and The Maya Narrating Monologue Simple past Story Note 169 civilization Empire past events Used to Essay keeping The History of Past continuous Money Past perfect 15 People and The Diary of a Talking Description Present perfect Diary Report 185 lifestyle Young Girl about past Present perfect Essay The Rautes action with continuous present significanc 16 Games and Wimbledon Expressing Radio news Question tag News story Schedule 198 sports Sports ability to do Negation Paraphrasing something 17 Global Chasing Ice Expressing Weather report Simple future Movie review Display 210 warming and A Noisy Party degrees of Future perfect Notice climate change certainty Wh questions including reported speech 18 Transportation Wright Brothers Making Conversation Adjectives and Interpretation of Searching 224 and Rickshaw Ride comparison adverbs charts communication Account  Unit 1 Getting started Travel and Holidays Look at the pictures and talk about them. Reading I Look at the picture and answer the questions. a. What do you think the man in the picture is doing? b. Are you planning to travel or go on a holiday this year? English 9 1  Poon Hill Yoga Trek in Nepal The Poon Hill Yoga Trek provides a wonderful opportunity to witness the beauty of the Annapurna Range and the hidden treasures of Nepali culture. This programme will help you integrate the principles of Yoga into your daily life with magnificent views of snow-capped Himalayas and glaciers. The main benefit of joining this programme is that it supports and encourages a deep personal transformation process. This adventure journey passes through many tourist hotspots and icy waterfalls which are very pleasant sights. Introducing Hatha Yoga and meditation alongside a trekking experience allows ample benefits for physical and mental health. The combination of Yoga and the Poon Hill Trek creates a more fulfilling physical exercise while strengthening and opening the mind for greater relaxation and awareness, all within the attractive natural environment. This programme is open for all experience levels and is a unique chance for those interested in the strengthening of the body, mind and soul. This may be the short Yoga holiday you have always wished for providing an opportunity for you to explore Nepali lifestyle and the secrets to happiness of the Nepali people. Main Highlights Visitors will be astonished by adorable landscapes and the enchanting environment. Gazing at stunning views of the Himalayas and savouring delicious Nepali meals is really incredible. They will be attracted by different Nepali cultures, the diverse flora and fauna, numerous perennial rivers and suspension bridges, and spectacular sunrise and sunset views over high Himalayas will certainly encourage everyone to self-transform with Yoga and meditation. Itinerary Day 01: Arrival in Kathmandu We will welcome you at the airport and provide a transfer to the centre. We will also discuss the programme. Finally, we will be staying overnight at the centre. 2 English 9 Day 02: Transfer to Pokhara The first activity is to drive to Pokhara in the morning. A standard micro bus or a tourist bus will take about 4-5 hours. This bus ride passes along through the hilly winding road alongside the Trishuli River having great views of the river, forests and terraced fields. We will stay overnight in Pokhara. Day 03: Pokhara – Tikhedhunga We wake up early in the morning and have tea before Yoga. We practise Yoga for an hour. Then, it is time for breakfast. After breakfast, we drive to Nayapul. We start our trek towards Tikhedhunga. On the trek, we pass through several towns. We will reach Tikhedhunga and we will be staying there overnight. Day 04: Tikhedhunga – Banthanti After tea, Yoga and breakfast in the morning; we start our trek towards Banthanti. On the way, we cross a stream over a suspension bridge. We will be trekking to a Magar village which is called Ulleri. Above the village where the trail climbs gently through the cultivated fields, rhododendron and oak forests, we will stop at Nangethanti for lunch and a short rest. After lunch we will start walking towards Banthanti through the beautiful forest. Finally, we do evening Yoga, have some relaxation and sleep in Banthanti. Day 05: Banthanti – Ghorepani As soon as we wake up in the morning, we will have tea and then join the Yoga class. After breakfast, we will start our hike towards Ghorepani, exploring the local culture, landscapes and mountains. After we engage in Yoga there will be some entertainment, we will then take dinner, and stay overnight in Ghorepani. Day 06: Ghorepani – Poon Hill We will wake up early in the morning and go for one hour hike to Poon Hill where we can enjoy panoramic mountain views and a beautiful sunrise. Then, we will trek down to Ghorepani and have breakfast. From there we begin our trek to Tadapani, which translated means far water English 9 3 supply in this village from long distance. The trail climbs along ridges and through pine and rhododendron forests to Deurali. Then, it descends to reach Banthanti; we reach Tadapani, and take part in Yoga in the evening. We will be accommodated overnight in a tourist lodge. Day 07: Tadapani – Ghandruk – Pokhara We will wake up in the morning and practise Yoga. After Yoga, we will have breakfast. Then, our trek continues towards Ghandruk. After walking for around four hours, we reach Ghandruk, a Gurung village which is the most interesting ethnic village in Nepal, famous for its Gorkha soldiers. It has excellent close-up views of Annapurna South and Machhapuchhre Himalayas. After lunch, we drive back to Pokhara via Nayapul. We will stay overnight in Pokhara. Day 08: Departure We will leave for the next destination in the morning after breakfast. A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B. Column A Column B a. magnificent i. charming b. glaciers ii. surprised; amazed c. hotspot iii. plants and animals d. astonished iv. throughout the entire year e. enchanting v. rivers of ice f. flora and fauna vi. extremely attractive and impressive g. perennial vii. a place of significant activity B. Circle the correct answer. a. What are the visitors expected to achieve the most in this package holiday? i. enjoyment of panoramic views of mountain and landscapes ii. plenty of physical activity in the lap of nature 4 English 9  iii. self-transformation with Yoga in serene hill stations b. What will the visitors do on the first day of their tour? i. go to Pokhara ii. discuss the programme iii. practise Yoga for an hour c. Where will they stay on the fourth day? i. at Tikhedhunga ii. at Banthanti iii. at Ghorepani d. What is the destination of the visitors on the sixth day? i. Ghorepani ii. Tadapani iii. Deurali e. Which place will the tourists visit last as a part of the package? i. Ghandruk ii. Nayapul iii. Pokhara C. Answer the following questions. a. List any two advantages of the Yoga trek in the Nepali hilly region. b. Who can take part in this Yoga trek programme? c. What would you enjoy the most in Ghandruk if you were one of the visitors? Why? d. How many days do the visitors do Yoga during the programme? e. How is the Yoga hour mainly managed every day on this holiday trek? D. Have you ever been on a holiday trip or travelled to different places? Mention the hotspots, points of interest, etc. Share your experiences with your friends. Pronunciation Pronounce the following words with the help of your teacher. wonderful destination opportunity unimaginable likelihood inspirational responsibility astonishing magnificently autobiography insignificant biodiversity English 9 5 Speaking A. Read and act out the following conversation. I'm thinking of going on a I may not be able to trip this year. The time has convince my father. He come. I think my parents does not believe in boys will allow me to go. staying away from home for several days. We’re going on a family trip, instead. I intend to go. My parents will most likely to let me go. I’m thinking of asking Lakpa’s father if he would allow him to go with us. B. What will your plans be in the following situations? Share with your friends. a. You want to go swimming this Saturday. b. You and your friends are going to play football tomorrow evening. c. Your parents are planning to go to Darjeeling next week. d. Your friend has invited you to a birthday party tonight. e. You are invited to attend the wedding ceremony of one of your friends' sister. C. Talk about your plans in pairs. Use the structures from the box. I intend to …… I’m planning to …… I’m doing…….. I’ll do…….. I’m thinking of……. 6 English 9  a. After SEE A: study history B: study mathematics b. After earning a lot of money A: open a supermarket B: go on a world tour c. For a party A: go by bus B: go on his/her cycle d. To improve vocabulary A: buy a Nepali dictionary B: buy an English dictionary e. After completing a Bachelor’s degree A: go abroad B: start own business Grammar I A. Study the following sentences. a. A: Did you call your mother? B: Oops, I’ve forgotten! I’ll do it right now. b. I can't decide what to wear tonight. I think I'll wear my pink saree. c. The bus will arrive here soon. d. They have bought a lot of chocolates. They are going to have a party. e. The sky is overcast. It is going to rain. f. I'm meeting Jane at 8 o'clock on Saturday. g. A: We're having a party next Saturday. Would you like to come? B: I'd love to, but I'm quite busy that day. h. I’m visiting my grandparents next week. i. Are you doing anything interesting this weekend? B. Choose the correct answer to complete the following sentences. a. It's really hot here. …….a window. i. I’ll open ii. I’m opening English 9 7  b. I don't have a bank account............. an account in Nepal Bank Ltd. i. I’ll open ii. I’m going to open c. A: Would you take tea or coffee? B: ……… a coffee, please. i. I’ll have ii. I’m going to have d. I've decided that ……… to the class teacher about my family situation. i. I’ll speak ii. I’m going to talk e. Next week, we.............. on lake Rara. i. will boat ii. will be boating f. I would love to go out with you tomorrow but ……… dinner with Dolma. i. I’ll have ii. I’m having g. I can't come to class next Monday.……… a tooth taken out. i. I’ll have ii. I’m having Writing I Imagine that you are going on a three-day trek during your vacation. What will you do on different days? Write short paragraphs about your plans. Reading II Look at the picture below and answer the questions. a. Where do you think the man in the picture is? b. Why do you think he has stopped there? Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Whose woods these are I think I know   His house is in the village though;    He will not see me stopping here    To watch his woods fill up with snow.    My little horse must think it queer   8 English 9  To stop without a farmhouse near    Between the woods and frozen lake    The darkest evening of the year.    He gives his harness bells a shake    To ask if there is some mistake.    The only other sound’s the sweep    Of easy wind and downy flake.    The woods are lovely, dark and deep,    But I have promises to keep,    And miles to go before I sleep,    And miles to go before I sleep. -Robert Frost A. Find the words from the text that match the following meanings. a. an area of trees, smaller than a forest b. strange or unusual c. the main house on a farm, usually where the farmer lives d. a set of leather and metal pieces that is put around the body of a horse e. movement of the air f. covered in something very soft B. Choose the correct answer. a. Why does the speaker stop while on the journey? i. to watch the woods filled up with snow ii. to find food for his or her horse iii. to say hello to the owner of the woods iv. to go skating on a frozen lake English 9 9  b. What is the setting of the poem? i. the woods on a bright, snowy afternoon ii. a village on a dark, snowy evening iii. a frozen lake on a bright, snowy afternoon iv. the woods on a dark, snowy evening c. Which one of the following statements is true? i. The woods are far away from the village. ii. The woods are near some houses. iii. The owner of the woods and speaker are friends. iv. The speaker of the poem does not like the owner of the woods. d. How did the horse respond when the speaker stopped there? i. stood calm ii. did nothing iii. shook its harness iv. asked the speaker a question e. What does 'miles to go before I sleep' mean? i. The speaker feels tired and sleepy. ii. The speaker has lots of desires to fulfill. iii. The speaker has lots of responsibilities to fulfill. iv. The speaker has a long distance to travel. C. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words from the box to complete the summary of the poem. promises traveller journey death the woods destination The poet compares human life with a………. The speaker of the poem is a………... He has to reach his ………before taking a rest. However, he is distracted by the momentary pleasure in the form of……... His companion, the horse, reminds him of his ………….in life. The speaker realises that he has to fulfill many responsibilities before his…………... 10 English 9 D. Recall a journey you have recently made. Who accompanied you on the journey? Did you enjoy it? Compose a short poem about it. Listening A. Look at the picture and guess the answers to the following questions. a. Who is the lady? b. Who is she talking to? c. What is she talking about? B. Listen to the audio and fill in the gaps with suitable words/ phrases. a. The name of the hotel is ………… b. The $200 room is quite …………. for the customer. c. All the non-smoking rooms are ………….. on 22nd March. d. The non-smoking room costs $............ e. The customer finally books the room for ……….. March. C. Where do you often spend nights when you are away on a visit or holidays? How do you or would you make a reservation if you have to stay in a hotel? Share your ideas with your friends. Grammar II A. Use the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets to com- plete the sentences. a. As per the schedule, the train ……….......… (leave) at 3 o'clock. b. Look, that aeroplane is looking shaky! It …..............…… (crash). c. My daughter says she ….........… (be) a doctor when she is older. d. Tomorrow ……..........……… (be) a sunny day, according to the weather forecast. e. A: What ….......…… (do) tomorrow evening? B: Nothing special. I think I ………....…… (stay) at home. English 9 11  f. It’s very stuffy here. Don't worry, I ….................… (open) the windows for you. g. Ann is driving. There is very little petrol left in the tank. The nearest petrol station is a long way from here. She …… (run) out of petrol. h. There is a hole in the bottom of the boat. It is filling up with water quickly. It……………(sink). Writing II Write a letter to your friend describing your travel plans for your upcoming holiday or visit. Take help from the following questions to write your letter. Where do you plan to go? Who will you go with? Where will you stay? How long will you stay? What are you going to see? Project work Prepare a set of questions to find out your friends’ plans and intentions for the future. Meet at least four of your classmates to get their views, and note them down. Share their plans and intentions with the whole class. Extra bit Use a colon (:) between a grammatically complete introductory clause (one that could stand as a sentence) and a final phrase or clause that illustrates the preceding thought Example: Professor Pokhrel wrote two books on education: one on educational leadership and the other on educational planning. in ratios and proportions Example: The proportion (saltwater) was 1:8. in references between the place of publication and the publisher Example: London: Oxford University Press 12 English 9  Unit 2 Getting started Health and Hygiene Look at the picture and discuss about the meaning of the health. Reading I Before you read the interview below, answer these questions. a. How do you get advice from a doctor? b. What do you know about telehealth services? The Acceleration behind Telehealth Services (In this interview, Chun-Kai Chang , the Business Development Manager of Telehealth at Advantech, talks to News-Medical about the acceleration behind telehealth services.) Reporter : To begin, can you give us a brief introduction into telehealth and what it involves? Chang : Telehealth is a method of providing medical care remotely, English 9 13  usually through video chat. Telehealth makes it possible to connect patients and clinicians from any location. It provides access to a wide range of care, including primary care consultations, psychotherapy, physical therapy, and even emergency services. It allows primary care clinicians and specialists to further their reach for treating patients wherever there is an internet connection. The benefits of telehealth for healthcare providers and patients is that these services can be faster, safer, more effective, and less expensive in the long run, especially during a time like the COVID-19 pandemic, where telehealth has allowed access to medical care without going to hospitals to protect patients and hospital staff from being exposed to the infection. Reporter : What are some of the main drivers behind the acceleration and momentum of telehealth services? Chang : There are two major drivers for this fast-growing market. The first and most recent driver for telehealth has been the global COVID-19 pandemic. Strong social distancing and minimal physical contact precautions have pushed the shift to telehealth and remote consultations as it aids in infection protection. These precautions and increased hospital bed shortages have forced medical facilities to incorporate more telehealth technologies to keep up with demand and maintain care continuity for patients at home. The second driver is the shortage of medical professionals when demand is increasing every year due to an aging population and more and more patients with chronic and non-communicable diseases. For people living in rural areas, their medical demands are underserved due to insufficient resources and long distances to drive into cities for care. Telehealth is one of the promising ways to tackle the challenge of doctor shortages and expand 14 English 9  specialists and doctors' reach to patients. Reporter : In terms of this acceleration and momentum of telehealth services, we are currently seeing, what are some items we can expect to see in the future? Chang : Telehealth will not replace face to face care services, but we will incorporate it into healthcare facilities' infrastructure. Patients will be selecting providers based on their accessibility to telehealth services. With more access to doctors, increasing patients using preventative care services and follow-up care due to convenience will start to emerge. These can lead to fewer readmissions and patient complications. We will also see more use for early screening of patient triage in the field before they arrive at hospitals. Reporter : When it comes to remote patient monitoring for clinicians, what impact does telehealth have on this? Chang : Remote patient monitoring could be one of the applications of telehealth. Remote patient monitoring usually involves continuously collecting patient's health data through wearable devices, such as vital signs and blood sugars. The patient's data is then transmitted in real-time, monitored, and reviewed by medical providers. In this way, medical providers could acquire a whole picture of a patient's health condition and give a more precise diagnosis. Reporter : How has telehealth shaped the way clinicians work with each other? Chang : Clinician-to-clinician telehealth services have enabled medical professionals to collaborate virtually with specialists in other locations to deliver treatment and care to patients jointly. This service can range from remote surgical mentoring to Tele-ICU and Tele-ER (like a stroke), in which on-site staff work together with a remote physician/specialist team to assess patient's condition. Telehealth solutions relieve the pressure of staffing gaps seen in critical departments such as an emergency room and ICU. Reporter : What would you say are some of the biggest challenges clinicians currently face with telehealth? Chang : Many hospitals are still facing the lack of infrastructure to English 9 15  implement telehealth successfully, insufficient hardware, and the right technology for each specialty. Some hospitals struggle with reliable networking infrastructures like broadband, 4G, or Wi-Fi. This could limit the connectivity within facilities and provide remote care to rural areas or mobile clinics. Having the right technology and tools, and place will be crucial to successful telehealth programs. Even though this new technology is quickly being integrated, there is a learning curve to using telehealth versus traditional healthcare operations. Users face obstacles such as learning to use different tools, online scheduling for virtual visits, triage procedures, and billing policies. To overcome these challenges, telehealth should be encouraged as a regular service and included in health insurance. There would be more motives for healthcare providers to invest in infrastructures and information system integration and deploy telehealth technology. A. The meanings of some of the words from the interview are given below. Find the words and fill in the crossword puzzle. 6D 7U 2T 51 8P 1P 3D 41 16 English 9 Across 1. psychological treatment of people using dialogue 2. process of sorting patients 3. to prepare and arrange 4. special department of a hospital for intensive care of patients Down 5. to include as a part 6. identification of nature and cause of a disease 7. not having sufficient service 8. epidemic over a wide geographical area B. Read the interview again and write whether the following statements are True or False. a. Internet service is necessary to use telehealth services. b. While providing telehealth services, health professionals are at high risks of being infected due to the exposure to patients. c. Telehealth service can be the best alternative to a face to face service. d. The problem with the lack of medical staff will be solved to a great extent with telehealth technology. e. The success of telehealth programmes depends on the infrastructure and the best use of IT tools. C. Answer the following questions. a. What is telehealth service? b. What are the advantages of using telehealth programmes? c. Why, according to Dr. Chang, is the telehealth service growing rapidly? d. How is the telehealth programme important during a pandemic? e. Why are the patients in remote areas not getting adequate health services? f. Mention the top three challenges of telehealth services. English 9 17 D. How might rural communities feel about telehealth services? How could this be improved? Talk to your friends. Pronunciation Pronounce the following words with the help of your teacher or a dictionary. infrastructure staff chronic strength milk school shield curious stethoscope blend strand sixth scream Speaking A. Read and act out the following conversation. Shanti : Ah, this is just ridiculous! Selina : Sneha again? Shanti : Yeah, Sneha. She just keeps asking for money. What do you think I should do? Selina : Well, if I were you, I’d ask her not to beg. Shanti : I’m not sure that’s a good idea. Selina : Umm.., I’m not sure then. Perhaps you should try talking to Sneha about it. Shanti : Well, I’ve tried that. But she did not show any interest. Selina : How about talking to her parents? Shanti : Really? I’m not too sure about that. It might work, I suppose. B. How does the woman advise the girl? I have a severe toothache. I can't eat If I were you, anything. I'd go to a dentist. 18 English 9 Now, work in pairs and take turns to explain your situation and give suggestions. a. A: tired/ not sleep B: have a hot drink b. A: cold/ no heating B: put a sweater on c. A: friend’s birthday/ no money B: pick a bunch of flowers d. A: hurt my leg B: go to see a doctor e. A: not feeling well B: take a rest for a while. C. Give suggestions in the following situations. Use the given expressions. a. She struggles in English although she works very hard. b. She has lost her maths book in school. c. She has put on weight, but she wants to be slim. i. You’d better… ii. If I were you... iii. Why don't you...? iv. You should/ought to... v. If I were you... Grammar I A. Study what the people in the picture are saying. I failed my test. Really? What do you think you should do in future? I should study a little more. English 9 19 B. Choose the correct answer. a. I need help, doctor. My baby doesn't sleep well. What............. ? i. had I better do ii. should I do iii. I should do b. The aeroplane only allows two pieces of luggage. You............... pack too much or you will have to take it out at the airport! i. had better not ii. better not iii. had not better c. A: I think that the grade my teacher gave me on my test is wrong. B: Really? You.................... to her after class today. i. should to talk ii. ought to talk iii. ought talk d. It's raining and I don't want to get my dress wet. I..............an umbrella. i. had better not take ii. had better to take iii. had better take e. Dinesh loves chocolate, but he....................too much or he will put on weight. i. shouldn't eat ii. should eat not iii. should eat f. My mother isn't feeling well, so I told her that she............. to the doctor. i. ought go ii. ought to go iii. ought g. A: It's so hot. B: You...............your jacket! i. should take off ii. should put on iii. should to take off h. I'm going to visit your country. Where............. if I want to go shopping? i. should I go ii. I should go iii. ought to I go 20 English 9 Writing I This is Aayush, 14 years, from Biratnagar. He likes to sit on the sofa for hours every day, watching TV and eating a lot of snacks. Write a couple of paragraphs about him. You may use the guiding questions given below. a. What is the problem with Aayush? b. What should he stop doing to be healthy? c. What should he start doing? d. What advice would you give him to maintain a healthy life? Reading II Look at the picture and answer these questions. a. Who do you think the person in the picture is; a king or a wrestler? Why? b. How has he put on so much weight? c. Do you think he is healthy? Health is Wealth Once upon a time, there lived a benevolent and kind-hearted king. But, the people weren’t happy with him because he was very lazy and would not do anything other than eating and sleeping. He spent days, weeks and months in his bed either eating something or sleeping. The king became a couch potato and the people started to worry about him. One day, the king realised that he couldn’t move his body, not even his foot. He became very large and his obesity became a matter of fun, calling him ‘bulky king’. The king invited expert doctors from various parts of his country and offered them generous rewards to make him fit. Unfortunately, none could help him gain his health and fitness back. The king spent an enormous amount of money but everything went in vain. English 9 21 One fine morning, a holy man visited the country. He heard about the ill- health of the king, and informed the minister at the palace that he could easily cure the king. Hearing these promising words, the minister became very happy. He requested the king to meet the holy man to get rid of his problem. The holy man resided at a distant place. Since the king could not move his body, he asked the minister to bring the holy man to the palace, but the holy man refused. He said that the king had to go to him, in order to get cured. After strenuous efforts, the king met the holy man at the latter’s residence. The holy man complimented the king saying that he was a good ruler, and said that he would soon regain his health. He asked the king to come for treatment the next day. He also told the king would be treated only if he came on foot to the holy man’s residence. The king was unable to walk even a few steps on the road, but aided by his followers, he reached the holy man’s place. Unfortunately, the holy man was not available there and his devotee requested the king to come and meet him the next day for treatment. This was repeated for two weeks and the king never met the holy man, and never had any treatment. Gradually, the king realised that he felt a lot lighter, lost a considerable amount of weight and felt more active than before. He realised the reason why the holy man asked him to reach his place by walking. Very soon, the king regained his health, and the people were very happy in his kingdom. A. Learn these words and complete the sentences with them. benevolent couch potato obesity devotee strenuous a. ………….. can increase the risk of heart disease because obese people are likely to suffer from heart problems. b. My father is kind, helpful and generous. He has a…………….. attitude. c. Take rest for a week. Avoid tasks which require ………. physical activity. 22 English 9  d. I like God Shiva. I'm actually a ………………… of him. e. My younger sister is a great ………… She can watch TV 24 hours a day. B. Answer the following questions. a. Why did people not like the king though he was kind? b. Why were the specialists called to the palace and offered huge prizes? c. Why did the minister become so happy? d. Why did the holyman tell the king to come to his place on foot for treatment? e. Why did the holyman disappear after the first meeting with the king? f. How did the king recover his health? g. What lesson did you learn from the story? C. Retell the story to your friends, making the queen the main character. Listening A. Look at the pictures and answer these questions. a. What do you see in the pictures? b. Do you regularly do these activities? Why? B. Listen to the audio and complete the following sentences choosing the correct answers. a. Personal hygiene means taking care of our bodily health and well- being through ………….. i. cleanliness ii. clearness iii. holiness b. Dirty clothes and ………….. lead to the breeding of germs. i. dirty hair ii. dirty shoes iii. smelly socks English 9 23  c. We had better change the toothbrush every …………………… i. month ii. two months iii. three months d. Long and dirty nails can cause …………… i. skin problems ii. food poisoning iii. dysentery e. Sam works in the ………………….department. i. sales ii. marketing iii. land f. Sam hasn’t ………… for many days. i. combed his hairs ii. trimmed his nails iii. shaved g. Kris suggests that Sam shouldn't use ………. to get rid of his sweating problem. i. deodorant ii. detergent iii. deodoriser C. Search for some tips of personal hygiene and share them with your classmates. Grammar II A. Study these sentences. a. The king would be treated only if he came on foot to the holy man’s residence. b. If Sarita had an android mobile phone, she would join the virtual classroom. c. If the king had lived an active life, his health would not have worsened. d. Had she studied hard, she would have secured the best result. e. If we had listened to the radio, we would have heard the news. f. It would not surprise me if he knew the answer. B. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets. a. I had seen Tshering a few minutes ago. If you had come round earlier, you ……(see) him too. b. I wish I were a bird. If I were a bird, I ….. (fly) round the world. c. Provided that you……(be) twenty, you could play the match. 24 English 9  d. George was happy that he came to Nepal. If he hadn’t, he ….(not see) Mt. Everest. e. What would you do if you …(win) the lottery of Rs. 1,00,000? f. Seema missed the bus to go home. If she ….(come) in time, she would have caught the bus. g. She would lose weight if she ….. (not eat) a lot of sweets. h. They might have helped you if you ….(ask) them. i. If he …(drive) more carefully, he might not have had that accident. j. If everyone ….(turn) off unwanted lights, we could save a lot of electricity. C. Complete each sentence in a suitable way. a. If you had studied well, …………….. b. If you asked me, ………. c. If we had gone to the cinema, …………. d. If you spoke English, …………. e. If they listened to me, ……………… f. ………………….. if I had your address. g. ………………….. I would have taken part in the contest. h. ………………….. we would walk to the museum. i. ………………. if there were not many sharks there. j. ………………. if she had taken the right bus. Writing II Kwati is a popular Newari food item. Here are the steps of preparing it. Arrange them in the correct order and write the recipe for making it. English 9 25  Ingredients sprouted mixed beans, ghee, onion, cumin seeds, carom seeds, coriander powder, ginger garlic paste, tomatoes, bay leaves, chilli powder, turmeric powder, salt a. Put cumin seeds and carom seeds in a pan and fry them. b. Add tomatoes, turmeric powder and coriander powder. c. Fry until tomato is tender. d. Melt ghee in a pressure cooker. e. Add onion, then bay leaves and ginger garlic paste. f. Now, add sprouted mix beans (Kwati) and then red chilli powder. g. Fry for 5-6 minutes. h. Cook for about 4-5 whistles. i. Add hot water then salt and garam masala. j. Kwati is ready to be served. Project work Organise a presentation competition about 'Health is Wealth' in your class. Your classmates and teacher will act as the judges of the competition. Extra bit Words ending in ‘-logy’ pathology : the study of diseases epidemiology : the study of the spread and control of diseases archaeology : the study of cultures of the past geology : the study of the physical structure of the earth metrology : the study of measurement sociology : the study and classification of human society anthropology : the study of origins and social relationships of human beings meteorology : the study of the earth’s atmosphere astrology : the study of the positions of the stars and movements of the planets in the belief that they influence human affairs 26 English 9  Unit 3 Getting started Family, Market and Public Places What do you think these pictures are related to? How do people make requests in these situations? Reading I Look at the picture below and answer the following questions. a. What do you see in the picture? b. What is more important for you; family or work or both? Why? Thomas and Jerry Once upon a time in a village, there was an old man named Jerry. He hadn’t seen his son who lived in the city for a few years and wanted to meet him. He started his journey and came to the city where his son used to work and stay. He approached the place where he used to get letters from a long time ago. When he knocked on the door he was excited and smiled with joy to meet his son. Unfortunately, someone else opened the door. Jerry asked, “I suppose Thomas should be staying in this place.” The person said, “No! He has left and moved to a different location.” Jerry was disappointed and just pondered how he was going to meet his son. English 9 27 He started to walk down the street and the neighbours asked Jerry, “Are you looking for Thomas?” Jerry responded by nodding his head. The neighbours gave Thomas’s office address to Jerry. Jerry thanked them and started towards the path which would lead to his son. Finally, Jerry arrived at the office and asked at the reception counter, “Could you please tell me Thomas’s location, in this office?” The receptionist asked, “May I know how you are related to him?” Jerry responded politely by saying, “I’m his father.” The receptionist asked Jerry to wait for a moment then rang Thomas and conveyed the message. Thomas was stunned and told the receptionist to send his father to the cabin immediately. Jerry entered the cabin. As soon as he saw Thomas, his eyes were filled with tears. Thomas was happy to see his father. They talked for a while and Jerry asked Thomas, “Son! Mom dearly wants to see you. Will you go home with me?” Thomas responded, “I’m afraid, I can’t go home, father. I am very busy working for my success and it’s hard to take leave to visit as my hands are full with lots of stressful work.” Jerry gave a simple smile and said, “Okay! You may do your work. I’ll be going back to our village this evening.” Thomas asked, “Would you stay for a few days with me, please?” Jerry responded after a moment of silence, “Son, you are busy with your tasks. I don’t want to make you uncomfortable or become a burden for you,” he continued, “I hope if I ever had a chance to meet you again, I would be happy.” Then, he departed. After a few weeks, Thomas wondered why his father came alone after a long time, he felt bad for treating his father in a weird manner. He felt guilty so took leave for a few days and went to his village to meet his parents. When he went to the place where he was born and grew up, he saw that his parents were not there. He was shocked and asked the neighbours, “What happened here? My parents have to be here. Where are they now?” The neighbours gave the address of the place where his parents were staying. Thomas scurried to the place and noticed that it was like a graveyard. His eyes were filled with tears and started to walk slowly towards the place. His father noticed Thomas in the distance and waved his hand to draw his attention. Thomas saw his father; started to run and hugged him as soon as they met. 28 English 9 Jerry asked, “How are you?” and continued, “What a surprise to see you here. I didn’t expect that you would be coming to this place.” Thomas felt ashamed and kept his head down. Jerry said, “Why are you feeling bad? Has anything wrong happened?” Thomas responded, “No father” he continued, “It’s just I never knew that I would be seeing you in this position in our village.” Jerry smiled and said, “I had taken a loan when you moved to the city for your college to pay for your education, then again when you wanted a new car. But due to a loss in farming, I couldn’t pay the loan back. I thought of approaching you for help, but you were very busy and bustled with your work. I didn’t want to burden you with our problem and remained silent. I had to let our home to go repay the loan.” Thomas whispered, “You could’ve told me. I’m not an outsider.” Jerry turned around and said, “You were very busy and stressed with your work which made me remain quiet. All we wanted was your happiness." Thomas started to cry and hugged his father again. He apologised to his father and asked him to forgive him for his mistake. Jerry radiated and said, “No need for that. I’m content with what I have now. All I want is that you spare some time for us, we love you very much and at this old age it’s hard to travel to see you often.” A. The words in red in the story correspond to the meanings below. Find the words and write them. a. a load, typically a heavy one b. came near c. so shocked that one is temporarily unable to react d. left, especially in order to start a journey e. a burial ground f. very strange; bizarre g. satisfied h. shined with energy or happiness i. moved or ran somewhere suddenly or rapidly English 9 29 B. Read the story again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. a. Jerry did not use to get letters from his son. b. The neighbours helped Jerry find the way to meet his son. c. Thomas was eager to meet his father in his office. d. Thomas asked his father to stay with him for a week. e. Thomas felt bad to see his father in his workplace. f. The story tries to show that parents’ happiness is tied up with their children’s success and happiness. C. Answer the following questions. a. Why did Jerry go to the city? b. What did the father want from his son? c. Did the father come back to the village happily? Why? d. What made Thomas decide to visit his father? e. Why did Jerry take the loan? f. Why did Jerry return home without telling his son about the loan? g. What lesson do you learn from this story? D. Have you ever witnessed or heard such an event similar to the one in the story? Share it in small groups. Pronunciation A. Pronounce the following words with proper stress and find the correct stressed syllable. holiday continue intention attitude unlikely membership conditional mistake apology family surprise distance unnatural hotel deny monument marriage secondary progressive believe examination 30 English 9 Speaking A. Act out the following conversations. Conversation I A : Good morning. B : Good morning. Would you help me find a birthday gift for my father? A : Might I suggest this tie? B : That looks nice. Conversation II A: Excuse me. Could you show me a shoe brush and a nailcutter, please? B: Here you are. A: Well, I wonder if you could give me gift paper. B: No problem. Let me wrap them. A: Thank you. Conversation III A: Mum. It’s a bit stuffy here. Do you mind if I turn the fan on? B: No, no I don’t mind at all. I feel like some fresh air too. Conversation IV A: Excuse me. Do you think you could possibly pass the pepper? B: Yes of course. Here you are. A: Thank you very much. English 9 31 B. Work in pairs. Have similar conversations using the given clues. a. a shampoo/bigger one b. sugar/tooth brush/detergent powder c. birthday/sister/a shawl d. wedding/cousin/wedding ring e. close the window/cold/cold too f. buy/ice-cream/no – cough Grammar I A. Study the following examples about making requests and offers along with their responses. a. ‘Can I help you?’ ‘Yes, sure.’ b. ‘Would you like some help?’ ‘Yes, of course.’ c. ‘Would you like to come for lunch this weekend?’ ‘Oh, I’d love to, thank you.’ d. ‘Can you help me with this desk for a moment?’ ‘Yes, sure. Where do you want to put it?' e. ‘Could you say congratulations to your brother on my behalf? B. Complete the following conversations using can, could and would. a. A: …… I get you something to drink? B: Yes, please. A glass of lemonade for me. b. A:…….. you tell me where the nearest community school is, please? B: I’m sorry, I’m not from around here. c. A:................ you like me to answer the phone? B. Yes, please, that...... be lovely. d. A: I’ve finished my homework. …….. I play now? B: OK. You may. 32 English 9  e. A: ….. I come round to your house sometime later? B: Well, actually, my dad’s not feeling well. Maybe another time. f. A: ……. you mind passing me that register, please? B: Yes, of course. Here you go. g. A: …….. you like me to talk to the head teacher? B: Oh. Yes please! …… you? h. A:......... you lend me Rs. 200, please? B: I suppose so, but I need it back before next month. i. A: ……you mind if I used your pen, madam? B: Not at all, go ahead. Writing I Write a letter to the head teacher of your school on behalf of your class requesting him/her to organise an inter-house volleyball tournament in your school. Make requests for managing all required sporting goods for the tournament. Reading II A. Look at the pictures and answer these questions. a. What type of dance are they performing? b. In which parts of Nepal are they most popular? English 9 33  Dance The first time I went to a disco I was very young and shy. However, I decided to go. Do you remember the Star Disco in Thamel? It was a lovely place….. always full of beautiful girls. Of course, most of them are grandmothers now! When I went to the disco, I was much too shy to ask anyone for a dance. So I sat down and thought I'd watch for a while. You know, see how the other lads did it. There was a lovely girl in a blue dress. A man walked up to her and said, "Excuse me. May I have the pleasure of the next dance?" She looked up at him and said "Eh? What did you say?" So he said, "I wonder if you would be kind enough to dance with me?.....er….if you don’t mind?” “No, thank you very much." A few minutes later, this other chap arrived. He gave her this big smile and said, "Would you be so kind as to have the next dance with me?" “Pardon?” she said. "Would you mind having the next dance with me?" he said, a bit nervously this time, "No thanks." Then, this third fellow came over. He was very good-looking, you know, black teeth, white hair- sorry, I mean white teeth, black hair! He said, ever so politely, "Can I...I mean...could I... no, might I have the next dance with you?" "Sorry", she said, "My feet are aching." By now, I was terrified. I mean, she'd said 'no' to all of them! Then this fourth character thought he'd try. "Would you like to dance?" She looked straight at him. "No." Well, I decided to go home. I was wearing an old jacket and trousers, and nobody would say that I was good-looking! Just as I was walking past her, she smiled. "Er... dance?" I asked. "Thank you very much," she replied. And that was that! It's our twentieth wedding anniversary next week. 34 English 9 A. Find words from the story which are similar in meaning to the words given below. a. man ……….. ………….. ………...... ………...... b. came ……….. ………… c. clothes ……...... ……….. B. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given and complete the sentences. a. The storyteller is probably… i. a comedian ii. a musician iii. an actor b. When he arrived at the disco, he first….. i. saw his grandmother ii. saw some guys dancing iii. saw a beautiful girl c. Now his age may be about… i. 20 years ii. 30 years iii. 40 years d. The lovely girl…. i. didn’t dance at all ii. became nervous iii. danced at last e. The story can be best described as… i. humorous ii. serious iii. sad C. Recall the time that you first danced. Share your experience with your friends. Listening A. Look at the picture and answer these questions. a. Where do you think the people are in the picture? b. What are some popular souvenirs that you can generally buy? c. How much do they cost? English 9 35 B.   Listen to the audio and answer the following questions. a. Whom does the man want to present a gift to? b. What does the salesperson try to sell the man first? c. Why is he not interested in that item? d. Why does he not want to purchase the watch? e. Why can’t he go to another gift shop? C. Listen to the audio again and write True for true statements and False for false ones. a. The pearl necklace costs 120 dollars. b. The salesperson wanted to sell a shirt with a modern design. c. The man’s wife does not like chocolates. d. The salesperson explains that the boxes of chocolates were imported from Belgium. D. You are in a souvenir shop. Prepare a short conversation with the salesperson asking for a beautiful gift to present to your friend on his or her birthday. Grammar II A. Match the sentence halves to make full sentences. a. I'd i. a good dentist? b. Would it be ii. a table for six? c. Would you be able to iii. possible to invite my cousin? d. Could you recommend iv. you like me to call a taxi? e. Can I book a v. get me a ticket for the concert? f. Would vi. like to rent an apartment. 36 English 9 B. Complete the sentences below in any way you like to make requests or offers. a. Would you like me..................................? b. Can I...............................? c. Could you..............................? d. Would it be possible to....................? e. Would you mind.................................? f. Could you possibly............................? g. Would you................................? Writing II In Nepali culture, there are many occasions people dance. The Gurung Community has Rodhighars, the Rai Community celebrates Chandi Naach, etc. Write a couple of paragraphs about any one of the dancing cultures or traditions in your community. Project work Remember a situation in which you were a participant in a cultural show like Dohori Sanjh or a public show like a comedy show. Narrate your experiences including what special event you want to recall, how you happened to join it, who you went with, etc. in your class. Extra bit Types of Gender Masculine Gender: A noun that shows the male subtype is known as masculine gender. Examples: king, man, boy, father, cock, bull, fox, etc. Feminine Gender: A noun that shows the female subtype is known as feminine gender. Examples: queen, woman, girl, mother, hen, cow, vixen, etc. Neuter Gender: Some nouns are neither male nor female; they fall under the neuter gender. Examples: table, hair, city, etc. Common Gender: English contains a lot of nouns which do not specify the gender of the noun. These nouns can stand for both male and female. Examples: teacher, student, cousin, parent, etc. English 9 37  Unit 4 Life and Death Getting started Look at these pictures and discuss. How do you respond to people in these situations? Reading I Do you agree with the following statements? Discuss. a. Death is not the opposite of life, but a part of it. b. From the day you were born, you are slowly dying. Death is a Fiction Did you ever see somebody who actually died and came back? No. There may be a near death experience. Near is not good enough. Near water is not as good enough as water, isn’t it? So, some people have nearly died, that is not good enough. 38 English 9 So you have not experienced it, you have not seen it, nor have you had a first-hand information from anybody. So from where did you get this idea that there is something called as death? Death is a fiction created by ignorant people. Death is the creation of people who live their lives in total unawareness. There is only life, life and life alone, moving from one dimension to another, another dimension to another. See, what you call as life right now, the process of life; you can also refer to it as death. You can say “I am living right now” or you can say “I am dying right now.” Actually, from the day you are born you are slowly dying. One day the process will be complete. Right now it is on the way. You may be thinking you are going to many places, but as far as your body is concerned, without a moment’s distraction, it is going straight to the grave, nowhere else. Isn’t it so? So, is death okay or not okay? Even these kinds of questions which are coming up are silly, because whether you say it is okay or not okay, anyway you will die. Every moment you are playing between life and death and life and death – actually it is so. This inhalation, exhalation... You inhaled, life happened. You exhaled and did not inhale again, death happened, isn’t it? See, every moment in Yoga we say inhalation is life, exhalation is death. You exhale, and if you do not take in the next inhalation it dislodges you from the body. So fragile, isn’t it so? Something so fragile is the basis of your existence here. Death is walking with you every step. It is so close all the time. There is nothing wrong with death; it has to happen. Only because there is death, there is life. You need to understand that the moment you are born, you have a death sentence upon you. When, where, and how is the only question, but you are on death row. Your death is confirmed, isn’t it? We do not know whether you will get educated or not; we do not know whether you will get married or not; we do not know whether you will know joy or not; we do not know whether you will know misery or not; but we know one day you will die. That one thing is guaranteed. This whole fear of death has come simply because you have no idea what it is. You have formed ideas about everything, just about everything. But it does not matter what ideas you have formed about life, when you are confronted with the moment of death, you really do not know anything. That is one space of life which has remained uncorrupted by the human mind. Everything else we have corrupted, isn’t it? Whatever was supposed English 9 39 to be sacred, all these things are hugely corrupted by the human mind. Human minds have corrupted love, relationships, God, Divinity – everything they have corrupted and twisted out whichever way they want. Death is one thing that they are still clueless about–though a lot of people would like to talk authoritatively about it. They know they are going to go to heaven; they are dead sure about it. If they are so sure, I don’t see what they are waiting for. They are doing everything not to go to heaven. Why? If you are so sure you are going to a wonderful place, a better place than this, and then you must hurry up. But because you are not sure, you talk. You are not 100% sure where you will go, what will happen to you. Just to solace yourself, just to be able to psychologically handle life, you create all these things. But essentially, the very idea of death has come to you because people have been talking about it without knowing about it. Otherwise, if your societies did not speak about it, you would just know the way you are right now, your present existence, is not permanent. That you would know, but you would not have any other ideas about it. Even now you do not have any idea about it; you imagine that you have. -Sadhguru (excerpt from Life and Death in one breath) A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings. a. a thing that is imagined …………………. b. a way of looking at something …………………. c. to force somebody to leave ……………......... d. faced somebody so that you could not avoid …...……………. e. to make somebody feel better …………………. B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. a. Death is a ………….. created by human being. b. Ultimately, we are moving straight to the …………… 40 English 9  c. According to the speaker, death is …………... It is sure to happen. d. Human beings have ……… everything and they have twisted it whichever way they want. C. Answer the following questions. a. According to the speaker, there is only life. How? b. According to the speaker, what is life? c. Why is there nothing wrong with death? d. Why do we fear death? e. Why do people have an idea of death? D. What is your view about death? Write a short paragraph. Pronunciation A. Notice how the following words are pronounced. autumn condemn solemn limb thumb ascend descent evening design honest architect knee pneumonia receipt B. Pronounce the following words correctly. doubt debt subtle scissors interesting foreign stomach  where whisper calm salmon psychiatrist psychology pseudonym island castle hustle whistle honour Speaking A. Read and act out the following conversations. Conversation I A : You look sad. What’s the matter? B : My father is very ill. A : Is he? I’m really sorry to hear that. English 9 41 Conversation II A : I lost my new mobile phone. B : Have you? So sad to hear that. Conversation III A : I spilt milk over my textbooks. B : What a pity! B. Look at some of the expressions used when expressing sympathy. That's too bad. That's so sad. I'm sorry. What bad luck! I hope things get better soon. I hope you feel better soon. What a pity! Oh, that's terrible. I'm sorry to hear that. I know how it feels. You must be very upset about it. Please accept my deepest sympathy. I know how you must be feeling. My goodness! C. Work in pairs using the given clues and express your sympathy. a. failed the exam/that’s too bad b. sister had an accident/so sad to hear that c. lost football match/what a pity d. lost job/sorry to hear that e. friend's mother fell ill/hope she feels better soon f. lost bicycle/that must be an inconvenience Grammar I A. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets. a. The winter ….. (follow) the autumn season. 42 English 9  b. The human body……….(consist) of some 60 trillion individual cells. c. Cows …..(feed) on grass. d. He…… (earn) a handsome salary every month. e. Akila…… (make) delicious cookies. f. Arati and her husband……(live) in Singapore. g. ………. you…..(like) chocolate milk? h. He …… (not want) to go to the movies. i. My grandfather …….(adore) his pet dog. j. Plants ……(need) water and sunlight for photosynthesis. k. He……..(have) a big apartment in Venice. B. Make a statement or a question using these prompts. Use the present simple. a. I/not/check/my emails when I get to school. b. you/watch/the news on TV every day? c. she/wear/a red dress. c. you/have/a school bus? d. what/you/want to drink? e. you/not/need more reading practice. f. your friend/not/like computer games. g. mum/wash/car once a week. C. Change the following sentences into negative and question. a. The swimming pool opens everyday at 9: 30 am. b. I use my car very often. c. John comes from Mexico. d. I play the piano very well. English 9 43  e. Ann watches television a lot. f. I write to my parents every month. g. This car breaks down every five hours. Writing I A. Study the following newspaper message of condolence and underline the key expressions that are used when writing. HEARTFELT CONDOLENCE 05-10-1977 16-05-2013 We are deeply saddened by the news of the untimely demise of our veteran Mountaineering Member Mr. Namgyal Sherpa, a ten time Everest summiteer, while descending back from summit to Base Camp on 16th May, 2013. He was quite popular for his congeniality, diligence and great virtue. At this time of grief, we want to express our sincere condolences to his bereaved family and pray for the strength to bear this irrecoverable loss. We will always cherish his wonderful memories. May the departed soul rest in peace in heavenly abode. Nepal Mountain Academy Bijulibazar, Kathmandu B. Look at the picture of a veteran actress, who passed away in 2019 A.D. Write a message of condolence to her family on behalf of your school. It will be published in a local newspaper. Use the clues given in the box below. 44 English 9  Subhadra Adhikari (1946 – 2019) …….. passed away at her residence, Kathmandu, due to respiratory problems …….. famous and well- known senior actress.….... contributed a lot to the Nepali film industry ………….. Basanti, Basudev, Muna Madan, Chino among superhits …………. heartfelt condolences Reading II Look at the picture below and answer these questions. a. What does the picture show? b. Where is the pilot leading the voyagers? Crossing the Bar Sunset and evening star,       And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar,       When I put out to sea,    But such a tide as moving seems asleep,       Too full for sound and foam, When that which drew from out the boundless deep       Turns again home.    Twilight and evening bell,       And after that the dark! And may there be no sadness of farewell,       When I embark; English 9 45    For tho' from out our bourne of Time and Place       The flood may bear me far, I hope to see my Pilot face to face       When I have crost the bar. -Alfred Lord Tennyson A. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B. Column A Column B a. moaning i. a boundary; a limit b. boundless ii. though c. twilight iii. go on board d. embark iv. never-ending; infinite e. tho’ v. complaining f. bourne vi. crossed g. crost vii. dusk B. Fill in the gaps with the words/phrases given below to complete the paraphrase of the poem. the sandbar return the evening bell floatin the sunset and evening star on a tide sad goodbyes God I notice……….. in the sky, and hear a sound calling for me loud and clear. I hope that ……..will not be disturbed when I go out to sea. Instead, I want to be carried out……….. moving so slowly it seems almost asleep, and which is too swollen to make a sound. That's what I want when I…….. home to the depths of the great unknown. Twilight comes with…….., which will be followed by darkness. There don't need to be any ……. when I go. 46 English 9  Even though I'll be going far from this time and place,………..on the tide of death, I hope to meet.….., who has been like my pilot in this journey, when I've made it across the bar. C. Answer the following questions. a. Where does the speaker have to go crossing the sandbar? b. Why can’t the tide make a huge sound or create a lather? c. What do the twilight and the evening bell suggest in the poem? d. Where is the speaker going without accepting sad goodbyes? e. Who is the only agent that helps the speaker to go far on his journey? f. Does the speaker fear death? Why/Why not? g. What does the pilot symbolise? D. The speaker tries to convey that finally good things remain with him before he sets off his ultimate journey to the sea. 'Sea' is taken as something blank, unknown and as an unpredictable world after death. Do you believe in life after death? Discuss. Listening A. Guess the meanings of the words, in bold letters, in the sentences below before you listen. a. My mother took a half-day leave to attend the funeral of her close friend. b. Only the immediate family is invited to attend the viewing. c. At the funeral, the minister offered the eulogy on behalf of the family. B. Listen to the audio and choose the correct answer. a. Tim's father probably died …………. i. because of a lingering illness ii. as he fell ill unexpectedly iii. due to a road accident English 9 47  b. Tim’s mother will manage by herself economically by………… i. the money from her husband’s insurance and stock ii. investing money on life insurance iii. spending her government pension c. Tim’s mother........................... i. has lost the purpose of her own life ii. is hopeful about the future iii. feels very sad d. The private memorial service is on………… i. Thursday evening ii. Tuesday morning iii. Tuesday evening e. Tim asks Heather to ………. at the funeral. i. give a speech ii. bring some flowers iii. sing a song C. Listen to the audio again and answer these questions in not more than four words. a. Why does Tim phone Heather? b. When will the viewing take place? c. Who will be giving the eulogy? d. What had Tim’s father wanted Heather to do just before he died? D. How would you extend condolences following someone's death? Grammar II A. Complete the following sentences with the correct adverbs from the brackets. a. I see one or two movies every week. I.... (often/never)..... go to the movies. b. I let my roommate borrow my car just once. I ………… (some- times/rarely) ……….. let my roommate borrow my car. c. Maria eats cereal for breakfast seven days a week. Maria …… (usually/always) …….. eats cereal for breakfast. 48 English 9  d. Four out of five visitors to the museum stay for three hours or longer. Museum visitors ……… (usually/seldom) ….. stay for at least three hours. e. We occasionally have quizzes in history class. The teacher ……… (always/sometimes) …….. gives quizzes in history class. f. Subina always misses the morning assembly. She...... (rarely/ never)....... arrives at school on time. g. In the desert, it rains only two days between May and September every year. It ……… (rarely/often) …….. rains there in the sum- mer. h. Rohit asks me to go to the winter camp, but I don’t accept his invitation. I ……… (seldom/often …….. go to the winter camp. i. Lisa and Samrat go fishing at least three times a week. They ……… (usually/seldom) ………. go out to dinner with each other. B. Rewrite the following sentences with the correct alternatives from the brackets. a. Your friendship over the years and your support....... (has/have)........ meant a great deal to us. b. Hamilton Family Center, a shelter for teenage runaways in San Francisco,......... (offers/offer).......... a wide variety of services. c. One of the major sources of income of Trinidad....... (is/are)....... tourism. d. The chances of your being promoted.... (is/are)...... excellent. e. There............... (was/were)............... a Pokemon card stuck to the refrigerator. f. Neither the professor nor his assistants............... (was/were)................ able to attend the conference. g. Many hours at the driving range...... (has/have)....... led us to design golf balls with GPS locators in them. h. Discovered in the soil of our city garden........ (was/were)...... a button dating from the turn of the century. English 9 49 Writing II Read the email below and write a reply to Asmita Praja. Express your sympathy and wish that she gets well soon. Dear Salina, I'm writing to explain to you that I can't attend the class for two weeks as I've had an accident and hurt my back. I have already sent an email to the principal and the class teacher to inform of my condition. I'm afraid I will be missing the unit tests. I have medicine for the pain but I can't get up or walk around much, and the doctor said I should stay in bed and rest as much as possible. This makes reading and studying very difficult for me at the moment. The doctor said I may be able to do some bed reading and writing after a week. Salina, if possible I need some help from you. I wonder if you could record the lectures and class notes so that I can listen to them at home. I will try to catch up with all the reading too. I have been given permission from the principal. I won’t bore you with details, except to say that I will be missing you all, my friends and dear teachers. But just see it as a setback for a while-then hopefully life will be normal again. Thank you for your understanding. Regards, Asmita Praja Project work Collect some messages of condolences. Bring them to the class and find the similarities and differences between them. 50 English 9  Extra bit Types of Sentence A. Declarative Sentence: A declarative sentence simply makes a statement or expresses an opinion. In other words, it makes a declaration. This kind of sentence ends with a full stop. Examples: My mother’s name is Laxmi. I’m not watching a football match now. B. Interrogative Sentence: An interrogative sentence asks a question. This type of sentence often begins with a 'wh' word or an auxiliary verb and ends with a question mark. Examples: Why are you late today? Have you booked the hall for tomorrow’s programme? C. Imperative Sentence: An imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. It usually ends with a full stop. Examples: Complete the homework by tomorrow. Be polite to the customers. Don't make a noise. D. Exclamatory Sentence: An exclamatory sentence expresses great emotion such as excitement, surprise, happiness and anger, and uses an exclamation mark. Examples: Oh! I forgot about the meeting. Wow! I can’t believe it. English 9 51  Unit 5 Ethics, Norms and Values Getting started Look at the pictures and talk to your friend about their professional ethics, norms and values. Reading I Look at the picture and answer the questions. a. What does it say? b. How do you apologise? Talk to your friends. Why “I’m Sorry” Doesn’t Always Translate Even after decades of cooperation in business and politics, America and Japan still trip over a seemingly simple concept: the apology. Neither culture appears to fully understand what the other means or expects. For instance, most Americans were unmoved by Toyota CEO Akio Toyoda’s 52 English 9 effusive apologies in 2010, after widespread reports of malfunctioning Prius accelerators. Japan, for its part, bristled when a US submarine commander didn’t immediately apologise after colliding with and sinking a Japanese fishing boat off Hawaii in 2001. The confusion over the meaning of and occasion for “I’m sorry” extends beyond those countries; indeed, it seems that virtually every culture has its own rules. In India, other researchers have noted, apologies are far less common than in Japan. In Hong Kong, they are so prevalent and ritualised that many people are inured to them. Our own work found that a core issue is differing perceptions of culpability: Americans see an apology as an admission of wrongdoing, whereas Japanese see it as an expression of eagerness to repair a damaged relationship, with no culpability necessarily implied. And this difference, we discovered, affects how much traction an apology gains. In an initial survey of US and Japanese undergraduates, the US students were more likely to say that an apology directly implied guilt. The Japanese students were more likely to apologise even when they weren’t personally responsible for what had happened. Perhaps for this reason, they apologised a lot more; they recalled issuing an average of 11.05 apologies in the previous week, whereas US students recalled just 4.51. In a second study, we looked at the utility of apologies for repairing trust. We asked undergraduates from both countries to imagine that they were managers and showed them a video in which an applicant for an accounting job apologised for having deliberately filed an incorrect tax return for a prior client. The Japanese students were more willing than their US counterparts to trust the candidate’s assertion that she wouldn’t engage in such behavior again and to offer her a job. We believe that this is owing to Americans’ inclination to associate apologies with culpability. The finding that Americans link apologies with blame is in keeping, we’d argue, with a psychological tendency among Westerners to attribute events to individuals’ actions. Thus it makes sense that in the US an apology is taken to mean “I am the one who is responsible.” It also stands to reason English 9 53 that in Japan which, like many other East Asian countries, has a more group-oriented culture; apologies are heard as “It is unfortunate that this happened.” Researchers who’ve compared apologies in America and China have found a similar pattern: US apologies serve to establish personal responsibility, while Chinese ones focus on the larger consequences of the transgression. Only with a deep understanding of such differences, the executives can make effective use of the apology as a tool for facilitating negotiations, resolving conflicts, and repairing trust. And misunderstandings over apologies are just one aspect of a broad semantic disconnect between East and West that’s too often ignored in the rush to globalisation. Managers would do well to tune in to other cultural nuances that are easily lost in translation. -William Maddux, Peter H. Kim, Tetsushi Okumura, and Jeanne Brett A. Find the words/phrases from the text for the following meanings. The first letter has been given. a. t……........ to have difficulty saying something clearly or correctly b. e………… showing too much emotion c. b………… became annoyed or offended d. i………... accustomed to do something e. c……….. the fact of being responsible f. a…........ a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true g. a…....... to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing h. s……… connected with the meaning of words and sentences i. n……… a very slight difference in meaning 54 English 9 B. Match the first halves in column A with their endings in column B to make complete sentences. Column A Column B a. Americans didn’t show i. less interested in a second research. b. People are accustomed ii. similar patterns in East Asian countries. c. Japanese use an apology iii. to an apology in Hong Kong. d. American participants seemed iv. sympathy to Akio Toyoda’s effusive apologies. e. Researchers found v. to repair their damaged relationship. C. Answer the following questions. a. Why did Japan become annoyed with the US submarine commander? b. How do Americans and Japanese perceive an apology? c. What, according to the survey, is the average result of an apology in Japanese and American students? d. What was displayed in a video show? e. Who were the respondents of the second study? f. How can the executives apply an apology? D. Have you ever apologised? Why and how? Pronunciation Pronounce the following contracted forms. I'm you're he's she's it's we're they're I've I'd  they’ll Speaking A. Act out the following conversations. English 9 55 Conversation I Mingma : I hope you’ll forgive me for being late. I had a flat tyre. Sujan : Really? That’s quite alright. It can happen to anyone. Conversation II Nabina : Binod, I’m sorry, I kept your book so long. I didn’t mean to keep it this amount of time. Binod : No problem. I won’t need it until next semester. Conversation III Kuber : Ouch! You hit me with your umbrella. Kiran : I apologise. I was looking for another way through. Kuber : OK. Be careful when you're passing people. B. Work in pairs. Make similar conversations for the given clues from a - f below. Choose the structures from the box. Apologising Responding to an apology I'm sorry that.............. That's OK. It's my fault. It happens. Oops, sorry. No problem. I should have...... Don't worry about it. I apologise for I forgive you. a. took my bag/think it’s mine b. ate my biscuits/think it’s mine c. sat on my cat/think it’s a pillow d. took my newspaper/not realise it’s yours e. got off a bus and bumped into someone/I was in a hurry f. tapped someone’s shoulder who looked like your friend/thought my friend 56 English 9 C. Work in pairs. Take turns to say sorry and respond to your friend in the following situations. a. You have eaten your friend's chocolates. b. You have just blown your nose in front of your friend. c. You didn't follow someone's instructions. d. You have spilt someone's drink. e. You accidentally bumped into your friend. f. You kept someone waiting. g. You have arrived late at school. h. You forgot to bring your friend's notebook. i. You stepped onto your friend's toe. Grammar I A. Read the text and underline the verb forms in present continuous tense. Hello everybody! Look at this nice picture. Here is one of the moments I prefer when we are all together on a nice Sunday afternoon. But let me introduce myself! I