1.4 Europeans Explore East.pdf

Europeans Explore East Why did Western Explorers from Europe travel to the East? Class Agenda for January 4, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Questions 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how western explorers were able to travel east and establish trade routes 3. Essential Question: Why did western exp...

Europeans Explore East Why did Western Explorers from Europe travel to the East? Class Agenda for January 4, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Questions 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how western explorers were able to travel east and establish trade routes 3. Essential Question: Why did western explorers decide to travel east? 4. Meme/thought of the day 5. Vocabulary and definitions 6. Homework Due: You should read pp. 94-101, the chapter on Europeans Explore East (no assessment). 7. Exit ticket By the 1400s the Age of Enlightenment inspired many people to become adventurers on the high seas… In the 1100s, Crusaders encountered the Muslim world. In 1275, Marco Polo went to Kublai Khan in China… But Europeans want to discover more. God, Glory, and Gold GREED: The desire to grow rich and spread Christianity, along with advances in navigation technology allowed explorers to discover new lands via the high seas. - Few returned, few found glory or gold Eastern goods were in high demand: spices: nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper, and others. - Food was bland in Europe Muslims (trading east to West) and the Italians (over Europe) controlled most trade routes and could charge what they wanted - There was no competition The monarchs of Portugal, Spain, England, and France wanted to bypass the Italians–they needed a sea route The mission to convert people to Christianity was still important to all of Christendom Bartolomew Dias sought to convert people to Christianity, to obtain riches, and to win glory for Portugal Before the 1400s, Western ships couldn’t sail against the wind. - The Caravel (a ship) fixed this issue; It was 65 ft long, sturdier, and adopted triangular sails - The Caravel was developed by Muslims and allowed sailors to sail against the wind - The Astrolabe (Muslims perfected it) that used degrees on it and the stars, could calculate a ship’s latitude - The Magnetic Compass (a Chinese invention) Portugal Led the exploration of the East - Prince Henry, son of the king - The first to establish trading outposts in 1415 in Northern Africa - They found spices, gold, silver, and jewels By the late 1400s, Portugal had a series of posts in Africa - They had acquired gold, ivory, and eventually native Africans as slaves Bartolomeu Dias crossed the southern tip of Africa in 1488 after a fierce storm - This area was later named the Cape of Good Hope In 1479 Vasco da Gama explored the east coast of Africa In 1498, the Portuguese reached Calicut, on the southwestern coast of India. - More spices, rare silks, and precious gems were found - When the Portuguese ships returned to Portugal in 1499, Their cargo was worth 60 times that of the voyage in cost. - Da Gama had traveled 27,000 miles and created a direct sea route to India. In 1492, with the backing of Spain Christopher Columbus wanted to find a route to Asia - He sailed west across the Atlantic on the The Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria - In October of 1492, he reached the Caribbean. He thought he had reached the East Indies (Indonesia). The exploration of the West opened colonization of Americas - It would forever change the world. - The success of the Spanish increased tensions between Spain and Portugal. The Portuguese believed Columbus had claimed lands, already claimed by the Portuguese No one seemed to consider the indigenous peoples Pope Alexander VI negotiated with both and created the Line of Demarcation, lands west were Spain’s and lands east were Portugal’s (it was later moved more west) - In 1494 They signed the Treaty of Tordesillas to honor the Line of Demarcation Portugal established many trading outposts, battled native inhabitants, and other nations. - In 1509, Portugal defeated a Muslim fleet off the coast of India, using added cannons aboard their ships. - Portugal took control of the spice trade from Muslim merchants. Portugal controlled the Strait of Hormuz by 1514, connecting the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea In 1510, Portugal captured Goa, on India’s west coast, the capital of the Portuguese trading empire. - In 1511, Alfonso de Albuquerque went east and attacked Malacca on the Malay Peninsula. - They controlled the Moluccas, so rich in spices, they are known as the Spice Islands. Portugal broke the Muslim-Italian domination of Eastern trade routs - Portuguese merchants sold eastern goods at 1/5th of the cost of what Muslims and Italians had - More Europeans could afford these items. In 1521, the Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan went to the Philippines. Spain claimed the Philippines and began settling 1565 and held it until the early 1900s. - By the early 1600s, many Europeans began to explore Asia, wanting to establish their own trading empires - Greed for power, influence, and gold ruled their desires to explore The English and Dutch challenged Portugal’s trade empire in the 1600s - The Dutch Republic was controlled by Spain since the 1500s - The Netherlands declared its independence from Spain in 1581 The Netherlands became a leading sea power by 1600; - They had the largest fleet in the world—20,000 vessels. - The Dutch and English fleets replaced the Portuguese as the major European power in Asia. Both countries formed an East India Company - They established direct trade throughout Asia. - They minted money, made treaties, and had armies In 1619, the Dutch established Batavia on Java as their trading headquarters - The Dutch took control of the Spice Islands, most of Indonesia, and the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. By the 1700, the British and French established outposts in India - In 1664 France created its East India company and an outpost in India by the 1720s - The exploration and control of regions was limited to the coast, - Inland areas in Asia were rarely affected Ship’s rations of a 17th-century sailing vessel, a crew of 190 sailors: - 8,000 lbs. of salt beef, 2,800 lbs.salt pork - 600 lbs of salt cod and beef tongues - 15,000 brown biscuits; 5,000 white - 30 bushels of oatmeal; - 40 bushels of dried peas; - 1 1/2 bushels of mustard seed - 1 barrel of salt and 1 barrel of flour - 11 small wooden casks of butter; - 1 large cask of vinegar - 10,500 gallons of beer; - 3,500 gallons of water and 2 casks of cider