13.pdf

166 SPECIAL PROCEDURES Virology 1. DNA probes VIRAL STRUCnJRE a. Molecular cloning of a specific 1. RNA or DNA - not both...

166 SPECIAL PROCEDURES Virology 1. DNA probes VIRAL STRUCnJRE a. Molecular cloning of a specific 1. RNA or DNA - not both nucleic acid sequence b. If unknown " matches" clone, the 2. Does NOT contain structural elements viral identity is confirmed r equired for protein synthesis 2. Polymerase ch ain r eaction (PCR) 3. Replicates in host cells a. Method in which nucleic acid SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING sequences can be amplified in vitro b. Carried out in cycles, each cycle 1. Pre- and post-convalescent sera - ship doubling the amount of desired on dry ice nucleic acid product c. See Molecular Diagnostics section for 2. Specin1en for viral culture - similar to blot and oth er technologies. transport media for bacteria but contains nutrients (fetal calf serum or albumin) and antibiotics LABORATORY METHODS 1. EIA - presence of viral antibody or antigen (ex. HbsAg and anti-HBsAb) 2. Viral culture. aad 1 3. Electron microscopy ill Specimem 4. Molecular techniques II ,I ,_J I I 1 DNA Pt:o& Teclmo1'¥D' I I II I II I I 1 'l fCR X~ology REMEMBER! Viruses * Are very small * Are not cells * Reproduce inside host cells {) * Consist.of nucleic acid and ~o a protein coat Viruses 0 Bacterta * Infect specific cell types  167 RNA Viruses VIRUS DISEASE NOTES Flavivirus Yellow Fever; Dengue; St. Louis Encephalitis Mosquito - Vector Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome; Hemorrhagic Fever Rodent-Borne Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Hepatitis A Associated with Shellfish; One of Most Stable Viruses Infecting Humans Hepatitis C Virus (HGV) Hepatitis C Formerly Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis lnfluenzavirus Influenza Morbillivirus Measles More Serious in Adults than Children Mumps Virus Mumps Parainfluenza Virus Parainfluenza Poliovirus Poliomyelitis; Aseptic Meningitis Occurs Naturally Only in Humans Respiratory Syncytial Serious Respiratory Infection in Young Children Giant Multinucleated Cells Due to Fusion of Virus (RSV) Infected Cells Rhabdovirus Rabies Negri Bodies in Brain Tissue of Infected Animals; Rod or Bullet-Shaped; Wildlife - Reservoir Rhinovirus "Common" Cold Rotavirus Acute Infectious Infantile Diarrhea Can Cause Death in Infants Rubivirus Rubella Vaccine Available; Contraindicated in Pregnancy; Spread by Respiratory Secretions; Serious Congenital Abnormalities RETROVIRUS Human AIDS EIA Techniques; Confirmed by Western Blot Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV Ill/) Human T-Cell Leukemia T-Cell Leukemia; Tropical Spastic Paraparesis EIA Techniques; Confirmed by Western Blot Virus (HTL V I) (TSP) Human T-Cell Leukemia Hairy-Cell Leukemia EIA Techniques; Confirmed by Western Blot Virus (HTL V II) RNA YirUBes and Evaluate Lab Results to Associated DiseSlles Determine Yu-al Disease RSV-Associated YJJ"US A,ssociated witb Disease and I.D. Negri Bodies 168 DNA Viruses VIRUS DISEASE NOTES Adenovirus Respiratory Infections Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Mental Retardation (most common viral cause); Most Common Congenital Infection Other Problems in lmmunosuppressed Depending on Site of Infection Epstein-Barr Virus Infectious Mononucleosis; Chronic Fatigue Heterophile Antibody (EBV) Syndrome; Associated with Burkitts Lymphoma Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Hepatitis B ELISA Techniques; Vaccine Available Herpesvirus Oral Infections H. simplex I Genital Infections (STD) H. simplex II Human papillomavirus Genital Warts; Some Serotypes Associated with (HPV) Cutaneous Warts Cervical Carcinoma; Vaccine available Poxvirus Smallpox Supposedly Eradicated; Occasional Outbreaks in Labs Where Virus Cultures Are Stored Varicella-Zoster Chicken Pox (children); Shingles (adults) Diagnosed by Clinical Picture an DiseastJ REMEMBER! The most important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them. - Sir William Bragg