Gait Analysis Introduction PDF

Explore a multi-layered story Most movement is in the sagittal plane → flexion & extension Many body segments and planes Become fluent in the language of gait Set the foundation for more and your gait video assignment 1 Levi...

Explore a multi-layered story Most movement is in the sagittal plane → flexion & extension Many body segments and planes Become fluent in the language of gait Set the foundation for more and your gait video assignment 1 Levine, D., Richards, J., & Whittle, M.W. (2015). Whittle’s Gait Analysis (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.  An introduction Repeatedly falling with intention 40% 60% Swing and stance Double and single support Identify events that define phases 3  IMAGINE RIGHT FOOT Takes up 10% of the gait cycle loading terminal stance (LOAD) (TST) Initial Contact Opposite Toe Off Heel Rise Opposite Initial Contact Toe Off IC OTO HR OIC TO Stance Phase begins Left toe has left Right heel rises Left foot makes Right toe has the ground initial contact left the ground mid-stance pre-swing Moment right heel makes contact with the ground (MST) (PSW) Takes up 40% of the gait cycle 4 IC OTO Loading phase 5 Purpose → making movement away from a double support phase and into a single support phase i.e, transferring BW from rear leg and accepting it in the front leg Front leg → absorbing the energy from impact & becomes steady to accept all the weight OTO HR Mid-stance phase 6 Single-Support Phase → Opposite leg is never in-contact with the ground Purpose → allow body’s COM to travel over the fixed foot i.e, COM starts at back end (posterior) of BOS & travels forward (anterior) over the fixed foot HR OIC Terminal stance phase 7 COM moves forward to front of foot → heel rise Falling Phase & Start of Catching Phase → COM moves forward beyond the forefoot i.e, COM moves infront of BOS, then outside which then leads to OIC (catch) OIC TO Pre-swing phase 8 Purpose → to get ready for the swing phase Load up left limb & unload the right limb, i.e, transfer of weight → prepare to lift right foot off the ground  Purpose → make forward progress, i.e, advance the limb Get ready to accept BW Swing Prepare to catch the fall Dual pendulum motion to advance the swinging limb 1 → swinging at hip joint & flexion 2 → swinging at knee joint & extension Minimum foot clearance (MFC) (Nagano, Begg, Sparrow, & Taylor, 2011) 9 Each phase lasts 10-15% of overall gait cycle Overall swing phase is 40% of gait cycle Deceleration Phase → preparing to set the foot down Acceleration phase → great hip pendulum motion & put all BW from left limb into the right limb early swing terminal swing Toe Off (ESW) Foot Adjacent Tibia Vertical (TSW)Initial Contact TO FA TV IC mid-swing (MSW) FA → Right foot is in same anterior- posterior position as left foot Reaches peak anterior velocity 10 Tv → Knee extension i.e, slower acceleration  TO FA TV IC Right toe off Right foot adjacent Early swing, mid-swing and terminal swing 11  Time & Space Temporal-spatial parameters (TSP) 10-15 cm Step Width Line of Progression How wide apart are the centers of our heels 5 ° - 10 ° 1) Tip of the Second Toe 2) Center of the Heel 12 Stride Length → anterior to posterior differences covered by 1 foot in the whole cycle Sum of right step length + left step length → Average value is 1.4 m & average step length is 0.7 m Changes depending on how quickly you walk Wrapping up Calculate gait speed (m/s) Step length (m) Cadence (steps/minute) 110-120 steps/min Convert cadence units Steps per second Comfortable walking speed (adult)? 1.2 mps & 1.4 mps OR 4.5km/hr & 5 km/hr 13