12th Five Year Plan Guideline (2018-2023) PDF

i FOREWORD The 12th Five Year Plan Guideline formulation coincided with many historic and auspicious occasion for our nation celebrating at once the past, present and the future. Our Nation celebrated the 400th Year of Arrival of Zhabdrung Nawang Namgyel; our guardian d...

i FOREWORD The 12th Five Year Plan Guideline formulation coincided with many historic and auspicious occasion for our nation celebrating at once the past, present and the future. Our Nation celebrated the 400th Year of Arrival of Zhabdrung Nawang Namgyel; our guardian deity and founder of the nation. At the same time, we also celebrated the birth year of Second Buddha , Guru Rimpoche, our much revered and worshipped deity. Our present has been celebrated in the completion of glorious ten year of His Majesty’s reign and 12th Year of His Majesty’s investiture as the Choetsoe Penlop. It is also the year when we celebrated the most joyous moment of the birth of our future king: Our Gyalsey His Royal Highness Jigme Namgyal Wangchuck.. Blessed with these auspicious events, the 12th Five Year Plan (12th FYP) guideline is set to bring about even more well-being and Happiness for the people of Bhutan through the achievement of the Plan Objective and the Sixteen National Key Results Areas (16NKRAs) and the adoption of greater operationalization of our timeless vision of Gross National Happiness (GNH). The 12th FYP takes step further into the operationalization of GNH by adopting the Nine Domain approach as the Planning Framework. While our past and the current plan have been based on the Four Pillars, the 12th FYP is framed on the Nine Domain. This is expected to bring about greater synergy and focus on the impact of development programmes across the Nine Domains which forms the primary basis of measuring our progress towards achieving Gross National Happiness. The Plan Objective and the National Key Results Areas have been anchored and drawn on from the timeless vision and wisdom emanating from the Golden Throne through His Majesty’s addresses at different occasions over the last ten years as well as the aspirations and mandates from the Constitution of Bhutan. Additionally, they are also based on the international and regional goals and commitments like the Sustainable Development Goals, to which Bhutan is a party and desk reviews of vision documents like the Vision 2020, Strategy for GNH etc. Finally, outcome of the extensive stakeholder consultations have been factored into shaping these results. The 12th FYP Guideline takes decentralization further to the grassroots through almost doubling the share of resources to the Local Government from the plan allocation. From the current plan share of 30 percent of capital allocation, the 12th FYP provides for increasing the capital share to 50 percent. Additionally, the revised Division of Responsibilities framework also provides for greater decentralization of roles, functions and authority to the local government. While this will pose considerable challenges and risk, it is expected to take us closer to His Majesty’s vision of a democratic and responsible society. I would like to take this opportunity to call upon our local leaders to capitalize on this opportunity and contribute towards building a strong and responsible local government while at the same time addressing the development needs of your constituency.  ii On the fiscal side, the tentative projection appear very positive with a projected fiscal surplus over the plan period although we are going to face some amount of fiscal deficit during the first two years of the plan. Unlike the past plan trends, the allocation has been maintained at almost the same level with the 11th FYP for capital investments. This is a deliberate step for two reasons amongst others; one reflecting existence of a fair level of socio-economic infrastructure and second, to bring in disciple and manage uncontrolled capital investments that would build future current expenditure pressure on the state. However, the timely availability of resources allocated will be doubly important for the 12th FYP and therefore, we look up to our development partner to support us. On the Planning and Implementation framework, the 12th FYP sets out new elements of greater inclusivity in development planning by engaging all stakeholders and building a national consensus on the plan to ensure that every stakeholder can identify with and see the plan as being a National Development Plan and not a Government Plan. Additionally, the plan formulation process itself will be different from the past plans. The 12th FYP Guideline no longer prescribes the Sector Results or the Key Performance Indicators and has done away with the Sector Approach. Instead, the 12th FYP has each of the National Key results Areas assigned to one or more Agencies as Lead, who has been entrusted with the responsibilities of leading and coordinating the Agency Results for the particular NKRA. Further, unlike in the past, 12th FYP formulation will be done through two stages after the issuance of the guideline. The first stage shall be purely focused on the formulation of Agency Key Results Areas( AKRAs) and Local Government Key Results Areas (LGKRAs) and corresponding Key Performance Indicators. Once the AGKRAs and LGKRAs have been finalized, respective agencies will formulate their plans and programs based on these results and KPIs along the line of the NKRAs and overall Plan Objective. This is expected to ensure greater ownership and synergies between the results and plans and programs. Further, taking the lessons from the past plans, the 12th FYP has introduced innovative approaches such as the Tied and Untied Plan allocation and Flagship Programmes. Through these tied and untied planning approach, the agencies will have greater flexibility in programming and also allow for financing emerging and unforeseen activities. The Flagship Programme, with a tentative allocation of 15 billion, is expected to make significant impact in the lives of our people. I take this opportunity to call upon all Bhutanese as well as other stakeholders such as our development partners and the CSOs to help formulate a plan that shall leave an indelible mark in the history of socio-economic development. TASHI DELEK! (DASHO TSHERING TOBGAY)  iii Table of contents Part I: Background 1 1. Background 1 2. Purpose 2 3. Scope 2 Part II: Inspirations& 12th FYP Anchor 3 1. Introduction 3 2. Royal Addresses 3 3. The Constitution of Kingdom of Bhutan 2008 and Local Government Act 2009 4 4. Bhutan 2020: Vision for Peace, Prosperity and Happiness 5 5. Strategy for GNH 5 6. GNH Index 2015 5 7. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 8. 11th FYP Mid-Term Review 6 9. Consultative Meetings Outcome 7 Part III: Opportunities 9 1. Introduction 9 2. Small Population and Demographic Dividend 10 3. Well-Established Infrastructure Facilities 10 4. Enhanced Domestic Revenue 10 5. Increased Hydroelectricity Generation 11 6. Enabling Environment 11 7. Alignment with Global Commitments 11 Part IV:12th FYP Strategic Framework 13 1. Strategic Framework 13 2. GNH Framework 14 3. Coordination, Consolidation and Collaboration 15 Part V: 12th FYP Objective and NKRAs 17 1. Plan Objective 17 2. National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 18 2.1 National Key Results Areas ( NKRAs) 18 2.2 National Key Results Areas for the 12 FYP : 18 2.3 Sixteen NKRAs and Nine Domains of GNH 19 2.4 Descriptions and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of NKRAs 20 3. Implementation Modalities 36  iv Part VI: Preliminary Fiscal Projections and Resource Allocation Framework 41 1. Preliminary Fiscal Projections 41 2. Resource Allocation Framework (Capital Outlay) 42 3. Capital Outlay Allocation for Central Agencies 43 4. Capital Outlay Allocation to Local Governments 45 4.1 Division of Responsibility Framework 45 4.2 Resource Allocation Formulation (RAF) 53 Part VII: Guideline for Formulation of Agency Plan 57 1. Agency Key Result Areas (AKRAs) 57 1.1. Developing the right KPIs 58 2. Formulating Agency programmes 62 Part VIII: Guideline for Formulation of Local Government Plan 63 1. Formulating Local Government Key Result Areas (LGKRAs) 63 1.1 Dzongkhag Key Result Areas (DKRAs) 63 1.2 Gewog Key Result Areas (GKRAs) 63 1.3 Thromde Key Result Areas (TKRAs) 64 2. LGRA Formulation Mechanism 64 3. Formulating programmes 66 Part IX: Monitoring and Evaluation Mechanism 67 Part X: Mainstreaming Cross-cutting Themes 69 1 Environment, Climate Change and Poverty (ECP) 69 2 Disaster 69 3 Gender 69 4 Vulnerable Groups 69 5 Sports 70 6 9 Domains 70 7 Integrating relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 70 ANNEXURES 72  1 Part I: Background 1. Background 1.1 Bhutan follows a five-year socio-economic development planning cycle starting with the 1st Five Year Plan (FYP) in 1961. The FYPs articulate the socio-economic development priorities and programmes to be implemented over a five-year period. 1.2 The planning process for the 12th FYP covering the period 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2023 began in January 2016 with series of extensive consultations with all relevant stakeholders, including individuals, government agencies, local governments, private sector, Civil Society Organizations, political parties etc. as enclosed in the Annexure. 1.3 In addition to the consultations, Gross National Happiness Commission Secretariat reviewed various documents and reports to take stock of our development progress and to identify critical issues and challenges. Some of the documents referred to were: 1.3.1 Royal Addresses, 2007 – 2015; 1.3.2 Bhutan 2020 – A Vision for Peace, Prosperity and Happiness; 1.3.3 11th Plan Mid Term Review Report – 2016; 1.3.4 Strategy for GNH 2008 (draft); 1.3.5 Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; 1.3.6 Bhutan Living Standard Survey, 2012; 1.3.7 Labor Force Survey Report, 2015; 1.3.8 Provisional Findings of 2015 GNH Survey. 1.4 The “Guideline for Preparation of the 12th Five-Year Plan” outlines the strategic planning framework; objective; the National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) with associated Key Performance Indicators (KPI); preliminary fiscal projections and the resource allocation framework; division of responsibility framework between central and local governments; and a guide to formulation of central agency and local governments key result areas and plans/programmes. 1.5 The “Guidelines for Preparation of the 12th Five-Year Plan” was endorsed during the 13th GNH Commission meeting held on October 2, 2016 and was presented to the 21st Special Lhengye Zhungtshog Session of the Cabinet held on November 12, 2016 and approved on 21st December, 2016 by the Hon’ble Prime Minister.  2 2. Purpose 2.1 The purpose of the guideline is to guide the central agencies and local governments in formulation of their 12th FYP plans and programmes based on the overall national priorities. The national priorities articulated by the Plan Objective and the NKRAs shall be the basis for central and local government plans and programmes. 2.2 The Guideline is also expected to serve as a central reference document for all actors in nation building, including the various political parties and institutions, development partners, CSOs, as well as the private sectors. 2.3 The guideline has identified lead agency and relevant stakeholders for each of the 16 NKRAs to facilitate better coordination, consolidation and collaboration among central agencies and local governments. All central and local government agencies are required to coordinate with the lead agency and the stakeholders while formulating their key results areas, KPIs and programmes. 3. Scope 3.1 The Guideline shall be applicable to all the budgetary agencies. 3.2 The central agencies may issue strategic technical guidelines to facilitate the preparation of other central agencies and local government plans. Such guidelines should be in strict consonance with this guideline and should be circulated within one month from the date of issue of this guideline. 3.3 While the NKRAs are final, the KPIs and corresponding baselines and targets for NKRAs may be subject to review and revision over the next one year before the finalization of the plan. 3.4 The indicative planning outlay for the central agencies and local governments are indicative and subject to revision depending on resource availability and the quality of programmes/projects proposed by an agency.  3 Part II: Inspirations & Anchor 1. Introduction 1.1 During the consultative meetings with various stakeholders, many raised questions such as “what is our long-term vision?”, “how does the 12th FYP fit within our long- term vision?” etc. Currently, our long-term narrative is articulated in “Bhutan 2020 – A Vision for Peace, Prosperity and Happiness” which concludes in year 2020. This may have been one of the reasons for questions raised by many in terms of our long-term vision. Gross National Happiness Commission Secretariat will be initiating the formulation of our next long-term narrative in consultation with all stakeholders at an appropriate time. 1.2 In the meantime, the 12th FYP has been anchored drawing on inspirations from the Royal Addresses, constitutional obligations, issues and challenges drawn from the 11th FYP mid-term review and as raised by many during the consultative meetings, and Bhutan’s commitment to internationally agreed development goals. 2. Royal Addresses 2.1 Ensuring peace and tranquility of the nation, the sovereignty and security of our country, fulfilling the vision of Gross National Happiness and strengthening of democracy were some of the key responsibilities emphasized by His Majesty the King during the 2006 National Day Address. 2.2 On economy, His Majesty has commanded on the need to build a strong and dynamic economy and be able to stand on our own feet, to compete as equals with other nations and succeed through our own hard work and sweat, on our own terms and merit. 2.3 Unemployment is another key concern of His Majesty. In many of the Royal addresses, His Majesty has commanded on the need to create meaningful jobs for our youth and ensuring our education system succeeds with access to right jobs. 2.4 Strengthening, sustaining and building a vibrant democracy is a major priority highlighted in many of the Royal Addresses. His Majesty has stressed on the need to ensure success of democracy by upholding the rule of law; nurturing democracy and ensuring it benefits the country and the people; and sustaining democracy and its benefits.  4 2.5 On education, His Majesty has underlined the importance of ensuring that our education system is relevant to the needs of our nation; ensuring our teachers and students are equipped with the right tools - right books, curriculum, right direction; building an education system that nurtures people with the right skills and knowledge. 2.6 On our youth, His Majesty has frequently reminded that the future of our country will be determined by the capabilities of our youth. His Majesty has stressed on the need to nurture our youth, and ensure that they receive an education that will enable them to build an even better future for Bhutan. 2.7 Other frequent reminders to the nation in many of the Royal Addresses are “probable risk of corruption”; “meritocracy”; “leadership of self”; “working together and carrying out our duties through cooperation, sharing and consultation”; “culture, tradition and values”; “strong institutions”; “serve people in efficient, timely and caring manner”; “strive for excellence, good is not good enough”; “invest in human resources and building intelligent institutions”, and many more. 2.8 We are blessed to have such a visionary leadership who has been constantly providing precious guidance for our future. It is now a matter of whether we are willing to implement or not. As His Majesty commanded during the 11th Convocation of the Royal University of Bhutan on 7 June 2016, “it is not a question of whether we can do something or not, whether we have enough or not, whether we are permitted or not. The question is, are we going to do it or not”. 3. The Constitution of Kingdom of Bhutan 2008 and Local Government Act 2009 The 12th FYP takes note of the constitutional obligations and in particular the following provisions: 3. 1 Article 9: Principle of State Policy »» Section 5 - The State shall endeavor to provide justice through a fair, transparent and expeditious process. »» Section 7 - The State shall endeavor to develop and execute policies to minimize inequalities of income, concentration of wealth, and promote equitable distribution of public facilities among individuals and people living in different parts of the Kingdom. »» Section 9 - The State shall endeavor to achieve economic self-reliance and promote open and progressive economy. »» Section 12 - The State shall endeavor to ensure the right to work, vocational guidance and training and just and favorable conditions of work. »» Section 20 - The State shall strive to create conditions that will enable the true and sustainable development of a good and compassionate society rooted in Buddhist ethos and universal human values.  5 3.2 Article 22: Local Government Act 2009 »» Section 1 - Power and authority shall be decentralized and devolved to elected Local Governments to facilitate the direct participation of the people in the development and management of their own social, economic and environmental well-being. »» Section 18 (c) - Entitled to adequate financial resources from the Government in the form of annual grants. 4. Bhutan 2020: Vision for Peace, Prosperity and Happiness While the timeline for Vision 2020 ends by 2020, the main development goals and guiding principles envisioned in the documents will continue to remain relevant. Aspects like the overarching goal of ensuring independence, sovereignty, and security of our nation-state and the 6 main principles of Identity, Unity and Harmony, Stability, Self-reliance, Sustainability and Flexibility are as relevant today as it was in past decades and will continue to form key guiding element of development plans. Similarly, the main development objectives identified such as Human Development, Culture and Development, Balanced and Equitable Development, Governance, Environmental Conservation will remain relevant and have been taken into consideration while identifying the National Key Results Areas and strategies proposed for the 12th FYP. 5. Strategy for GNH The draft Strategy for GNH (SGNH), formulated in 2008, is a comprehensive development strategy that provides broad based national development trajectory building on the opportunities and anticipating the challenges for the next 20 years. While many of the initiatives under SGNH have been implemented or are under implementation, some are yet to be implemented in full. In particular, thrust areas such as “Innovation, Creativity and Enterprise (ICE)”, “National Spatial Policy” and “Enabling Environment”. 6. GNH Index 2015 Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Research carried out GNH Survey in 2015. The main findings of the 2015 survey were: »» 91.2% of Bhutanese are narrowly, extensively, or deeply happy; »» 43.4% of Bhutanese are extensively or deeply happy, up from 40.9% in 2010. »» Across groups: »» Men are happier than women; »» People living in urban areas are happier than rural residents; »» Single and married people are happier than widowed, divorced, or separated; »» More educated people are happier; »» Farmers are less happy than other occupational groups.  6 »» Across districts, GNH was highest in Gasa, Bumthang, Thimphu, and Paro, and lowest in Dagana, Mongar, TashiYangtse, and Trongsa. »» Some of the indicators where there was a significant reduction in sufficiency were psychological well-being (anger, frustration, and spirituality), community vitality (belonging), and cultural diversity (Driglam Namzha). 7. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) In September 2015, Bhutan together with the global community adopted “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs)” in UN headquarters at New York. Given the similarities between our development philosophy of GNH and SDGs, both aspiring to pursue a sustainable socio-economic development path, alignment of SDGs in our five year plans does not pose a challenge. A rapid integrated assessment conducted by UNDP in October 2015, indicate high level of integration of the SDG targets already into the 11th FYP. Out of 143 SDG targets, 134 SDG targets were included in the 11th FYP, excluding targets related to SDG 14 on Oceans and SDG 17 on Means of Implementation. Bhutan is also amongst the first few priority countries rolling forward the implementation of the SDGs since its adoption in 2015. While all 17 Goals are important, Bhutan has prioritized three SDGs (Goal 1 – No Poverty; Goal 13 - Climate Action; and Goal 15 – Life on Land) for immediate implementation. These goals were prioritized on the basis of urgency to address the issue (No Poverty), Bhutan’s commitment to the global community to remain carbon neutral at all times (Climate Action); and be a champion and world leader by show-casing Bhutan’s success in terms of biodiversity (Life on Land). Our efforts will focus on implementing policies and programmes that would have multiple impacts on number of SDGs. Preliminary assessment/mapping of the 12th FYP NKRAs and KPIs with the SDGs show very high relations. The 16 NKRAs are closely related with16 of the 17 SDGs and close to 100 Targets and indicators of SDGs are integrated into the NKRAs and KPIs. There will be further integration of the SDGs as we formulate the Sector and Local Government Key Result Areas and corresponding KPIs. 8. 11th FYP Mid-Term Review Lessons from the recently concluded 11th FYP Mid-Term Review (MTR) have been given due consideration. In particular, issues related to difficulties in linking SKRAs and DKRAs to NKRAs; ambitious targets and poor baseline information; unrealistic or irrelevant KPIs; issues related to means of verification and data reliability; ownerships of KPIs; lack of coordination among various stakeholders; etc. were raised at both central and local government MTR.  7 As a result of these concerns raised during the MTR, extensive consultations have been held with all stakeholders to determine the objective and NKRAs for the 12th FYP. Further, unlike in the 11th FYP where NKRA, SKRA and DKRA with associated KPIs were defined in the guidelines, central agencies and local governments are being provided the flexibility to formulate their agencies and local government key result areas and KPI based on the NKRAs in the 12th FYP. In addition, lead agencies for delivery of NKRA/NKRAs have been identified together with list of key stakeholders to help facilitate better coordination among the stakeholders. Efforts are also underway to strengthen data collection, management, analysis and means of verification of result areas. 9. Consultative Meetings Outcome The guideline preparation process adopted an inclusive approach with the objective to ensure that the 12th FYP is an all-inclusive plan which reflects the aspiration of the Bhutanese people and is a plan that all sections of the society (including the private sector, CSOs, Youth, etc.) can connect with and draw broad direction so that there is synergy. 12th FYP has taken on board the concerns and recommendations proposed by the stakeholders on the economy, quality of education, unemployment, youth and vulnerable group issues, enabling environment, non-communicable diseases, mainstreaming of cross-cutting issues (gender, environment, poverty, disaster and climate change), data issues, monitoring and evaluation, etc.  9 Part III: Opportunities “…..it is not a question of whether we can do something or not, whether we have enough or not, whether we are permitted or not. The question is, are we going to do it or not”. His Majesty’s Address at the 11th Convocation of the Royal University of Bhutan on 7 June 2016. 1. Introduction Guided by the visionary leadership of our monarchs and people centered development philosophy of Gross National Happiness, Bhutan has made significant socio-economic development over the last five and half decades. Poverty has been reduced from 31.7 % in 2003 to 12 % in 2012 and economic growth has averaged around 6-7 % per annum over the last decade. Our health and education indicators present positive outcomes in terms of reduction in mortality rates and increase in enrollment rates. Life expectancy has increased to 69 years and adult literacy rate recorded at 63 %. In spite of the progress, there are issues that need to be addressed, particularly, in terms of our economy; our education system; young democracy; disparities in socio-economic development benefits; quality issues; governance issues; and growing concerns on psychological well-being and community vitality issues. We have a visionary leadership, stable government, small population with large proportion of population below the age of 24, strong policies, well established network of infrastructure facilities and well qualified dedicated civil servants. What we probably lack is coordination, synergies in our efforts and common goal among us. 12th FYP provides us an opportunity to address these issues if we work together with a common goal of achieving our long-term goal of peace, prosperity and happiness of our nation-state.  10 2. Small Population and Demographic Dividend Bhutan’s small population size of 634,982, as per 2005 Population and Housing Census of Bhutan (PHCB), provides us with an opportunity to ensure maximum impact of our socio-economic development programmes by formulating policies and intervention based on our population dynamics. All central agencies and local governments will need to take this into consideration while formulating their key result areas and programmes/projects to avoid wasteful expenditures and to reduce future investment requirements. As per Population and Housing Census of Bhutan (PHCB) 2005, a large proportion of the population is of working age and there are relatively few people aged 65 or older. Although fertility has been on the decline, Bhutan still has great majority of her population in the age range of 15-64 creating a demographic dividend. By adopting right policies and taking advantage of this demographic dividend, nation can benefit in terms of abundant supply of well-qualified and well-trained human capital in the economy. However, this window of opportunity is time-bound with proportion of population aged over 65 projected to rise from 5.4 % in 2020 to 11.7 % by 2050. Further, if the energy of the youthful population is not channeled in the right direction it could result in other social problems such as substance abuse, crimes, psychological problems, etc. With the right policies and interventions, opportunities to create a vibrant and dynamic economy exist by tapping on the potentials of a youthful population. 3. Well-Established Infrastructure Facilities Past plans have focused on expansion of infrastructure facilities as a result of which, we have a good network of roads, hospitals, schools, water & sanitation, irrigation, and near 100 % coverage in electricity and telecommunication facilities. The ongoing widening of northern east-west highway, the establishment of 60 central schools, black topping of Gewog connectivity roads, construction of four new industrial estates at Dhamdum, Jigmiling, Motanga and Bondeyma, renovation and upgrading of domestic airports etc. are going to further strengthen the existing infrastructure facilities. Therefore, in the 12th FYP we could focus more on strengthening of our institutions, capacity building of our people, strengthening our systems and processes, enhancing quality of goods and services provided and streamlining various policies/regulations to avoid overlaps, conflicts and duplications, to maximize the benefits of our existing infrastructure facilities and also sustaining it.  11 4. Enhanced Domestic Revenue With the commissioning of three new hydro-electricity projects in 12th FYP, our domestic revenues are expected to increase significantly enabling government to not only fulfill its constitutional obligation of meeting recurrent costs from domestic revenues but also accrue surplus to meet some of its capital investment costs. Therefore, opportunity exists for innovative and impactful central and local government programmes and projects to receive priority funding from domestic revenue. 5. Increased Hydroelectricity Generation The three new hydro-electricity projects, besides contributing to domestic revenues, will also enhance our installed hydroelectricity generation capacity from about 1500 MW to about 4500 MW in the 12th FYP. This would help in increasing the current firm power estimated at 300 MW to close to 900 MW, thereby, facilitating establishment of new clean green industries, FDI inflows, employment generation, economic diversification etc. in the 12th FYP. 6. Enabling Environment While we have very good policies, rules and regulations in place, there are problems of conflicting or overlapping provisions in some of the policies creating implementation difficulties. Initiative to address the issue is already underway with the review and revision of Economic Development Policy 2010 and the Gross National Happiness Secretariat in collaboration with the stakeholders is undertaking a review of various policies in an effort to address conflicting provisions and strengthen implementation in the 12th FYP. 7. Alignment with Global Commitments As discussed in the previous chapter, many of our NKRAs, AKRAs and KPIs in the 11th FYP are well aligned with the global goals such as the SDGs and this is expected to be the case in the 12th FYP also. The close alignment between our national goals and global goals provides opportunity to tap on global funds such as Global Environment Facility (GEF), Green Climate Fund (GCF), Least Developed Countries Funds (LDCF) etc. Therefore, mainstreaming environment, climate change and disaster resilience in our programmes and projects will help us in resource mobilization.  13 Part IV: 12th FYP Strategic Framework “We Bhutanese are good at writing plans, speaking well and expounding ideas. But implementation fall short of commitments. There is gap between commitments made and output delivered. We are not able to deliver results of expected quality in a timely manner”. His Majesty the King’s National Day Address 2013. 1. Strategic Framework The strategic framework for the 12th FYP is illustrated below. The emphasis of the 12th FYP strategic framework is to ensure what is planned is delivered. Based on Royal Addresses, Vision 2020, SGNH, GNH Survey 2015, 11th FYP MTR, global goals and extensive consultations held with various stakeholders, the “Plan Objective” and the “NKRAs” have been formulated in a manner that contribute towards maximization of GNH. The “flagship programmes”, AKRAs and LGKRAs will contribute towards achievement of NKRAs. Central programmes and local government programmes will contribute towards achievement of AKRAs and LGKRAs, respectively. At all levels, central agencies and local governments will ensure “coordination”, “consolidation” and “collaboration” to ensure greater synergies and common objective. Figure 1: Strategic Framework MAXIMIZATION OF GROSS NATIONAL HAPPINESS 4 PLAN OBJECTIVE ROYAL ADDRESSES CONSTITUTION NATIONAL KEY RESULT AREAS VISION 2020 M&E STRATEGY FOR GNH AGENCY KEY RESULT LG KEY RESULT AREAS AREAS 2015 GNH SURVEY RESULT Flagship Programme 11TH PLAN MTR REVIEW CENTRAL AGENCY LG PROGRAMS PROGRAMS INTERNATIONAL&REGIONAL GOALS COORDINATION CONSOLIDATION COLLABORATION STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION 4 GNH Commission Secretariat - 12 Five Year Plan Guideline  14 2. GNH Framework In the 12th FYP, the GNH framework will be extended from 4 pillars to 9 domains. This is being done to ensure that some of the important elements of GNH such as psychological well-being, community vitality and time use, get the desired focus while formulating our key result areas, KPIs and programmes and projects. The shift from 4 pillars to 9 domains is also in keeping with the recent GNH survey results where psychological wellbeing, community vitality and good-governance were reported to be falling behind. The 33 indicators and 124 variables of GNH Index will be integrated under relevant 12th FYP NKRAs, AKRAs and LGKRAs as KPIs in addition to the conventional development indicators as illustrated below: Figure 2: GNH Integration Framework Central agencies and local governments need to ensure that their key result areas, KPIs and programmes/projects are formulated taking into consideration the relevant indicators and variables of the nine domains, particularly psychological well-being, community vitality and good-governance. The details on the 9 domains and indicators as per GNH survey 2015 is annexed. For further information on the nine domains, indicators and variables, please visit http://www.gnhc.gov.bt/12th-fyp-preparation/  15 3. Coordination, Consolidation and Collaboration To enhance implementation efficiency, Coordination, Consolidation and Collaboration (Triple C) are the fundamental principle underpinning all the goals, strategies and programmes of the plan. They cut across all the sectors and development actors in the country – government, corporations, private, CSOs. Below is the rationale for each ‘C’. Coordination: Today, one of the main challenges facing the country is lack of coordination at various levels – lack of policy coordination as well as implementation coordination. As a result, conflicting laws and policies, duplication of efforts and resources continue to trouble us. Better coordination needs to begin right from planning stage through implementation and monitoring. All agencies including the local governments shall ensure that all stakeholders are duly engaged in the preparation of 12th FYP. Consolidation: With significant investment on infrastructure facilities in the past, the focus would have to shift to an effective and efficient O&M of these infrastructures and reaping optimal utilization. It is therefore imperative that the 12th plan focuses on consolidation and strengthening the existing socio-economic infrastructure for optimal utilization and avoid continued expansion Collaboration: With eventual decline in Official Development Assistance, the role of private sector and Civil Society Organizations in socio-economic development will inevitably become greater. Hence, strong collaboration with entities outside the government in terms of creating enabling environment for business and support to CSOs will be mutually beneficial. Likewise, the situation will also require strengthening cooperation in areas of mutually beneficial technical and economic cooperation with our other development partners. Also of significance to the future of our development will be the direction of regional cooperation, particularly in the context of trade, transit, and energy cooperation in South Asia. Expansion in the regional economic cooperation would give rise to new opportunities as well as competitive challenges, for which we must be prepared to respond promptly as they arise.  17 Part V: 12th FYP Objective and National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) 1. Plan Objective The objective of the 12th FYP is “Just, Harmonious and Sustainable Society through enhanced Decentralization”. Just Society: defined as “a society where every citizen has equitable access to resources and opportunities to pursue and realize individual and national aspirations”. Priorities to achieve just society shall be: »» Eradicating Poverty and Reducing Inequality; »» Creating productive and gainful employment; »» Access to quality health services; »» Improving the quality of education; »» Strengthening democracy and decentralization; »» Reducing corruption; »» Improving justice system; and »» Promoting gender equality Harmonious Society: defined as “a society where every individual lives in harmony with oneself; with community; with nature; and with culture and traditions” Priorities to achieve harmonious society shall be: »» Preserving and promoting our culture and traditions »» Maintaining healthy eco-system and carbon neutral & climate resilient development; Promoting healthy and caring society; »» Ensuring livability, safety and sustainability of our human settlements Sustainable Society: defined as “a society able to sustain its social, economic and environmental development needs”. Priorities to achieve Sustainable society shall be: »» Ensuring macro-economic stability; »» Enhancing economic diversity and productive capacities; »» Ensuring Water, Food and Nutrition Security; »» Improving effectiveness and efficiency in public service delivery.  18 Decentralization: “Empowering Local Governments through provision of greater financial, planning and administrative responsibilities and authority” Priorities for enhancing Decentralization shall be: »» Improving Public Service Delivery »» Increased Decentralization »» Increasing Share of Resources to LG »» Building Capacities of LG functionaries 2. National Key Result Areas (NKRAs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) 2.1 National Key Results Areas ( NKRAs) : »» A National Key Result Area (NKRA) is a national level development outcome to contribute towards achieving the plan objective; »» Have been formulated based on national aspirations, national priorities, international & regional development commitments and RBM principles; »» Is also based on analysis of the developmental situation of the country, and in consultation with the national stakeholders; »» Are not limited to a particular agency but can cut across agencies; »» Contribute to one or more GNH domain; »» Some of them are aspirations beyond the five year plan period, but the desired extent of aspirations to be achieved in the five year must be articulated in their KPI targets; »» Are not necessarily mutually exclusive; »» Have been articulated with clear definition and rationale; »» There is at least one KPI for each NKRA to measure the progress of the results.; »» Each KPI has been clearly supported by Description, Unit of measurement and Data Source. 2.2 National Key Results Areas for the 12th FYP : The following Sixteen National Key Result Areas have been identified to achieve the 12th FYP Objective of “Just, Harmonious and a Sustainable Society through enhanced decentralization” : Figure 3: The Sixteen NKRAs 1. Macroeconomic Stability 5. Healthy Ecosystem Services 9. Infrastructure, Communication 13. Democracy and Decentralization Ensured Maintained and Public Service Delivery Strengthened Improved 2. Economic Diversity and 6. Carbon Neutral, Climate and Disaster 10. Gender Equality Promoted, 14. Healthy and Caring Society Productivity Enhanced Resilient Development Enhanced Women and Girls Empowered Enhanced 3.Poverty Eradicated & 7. Quality of Education and Skills 11. Productive & Gainful 15. Livability, Safety and Sustainability Inequality Reduced Improved Employment Created of Human Settlements Improved 4. Culture & Traditions 8. Water, Food and Nutrition Security 12. Corruption Reduced 16. Justice Services and Institutions Preserved & Promoted Ensured Strengthened 19 2.3 Sixteen NKRAs and Nine Domains of GNH Figure 4: 9 Domains - NKRAs Matrix 20 DOMAINS Psychological Health Time Use Education Cultural Good Governance Community Vitality Ecological Living Standard Wellbeing (0.074) Diversity (0.077) (0.087) Diversity (0.083) (0.079) (0.099) (0.080) (0.083) (0.094) Productive Water, Food Infrastructure, Productive Livability, Infrastructure, Livability, Safety Carbon Neutral, Productive & Gainful and Nutrition Communication & Gainful Safety and Communication and Sustainability of Climate and & Gainful Employment Security and Public Service Employment Sustainability and Public Human Settlements Disaster Resilient Employment Created Ensured Delivery Improved Created of Human Service Delivery Improved Development Created Settlements Improved Enhanced Improved Poverty Poverty Culture and Quality of Culture & Corruption Culture & Traditions Healthy Poverty Eradicated Eradicated Traditions Preserved Education and Traditions Reduced Preserved & Ecosystem Eradicated & Inequality & Inequality and Promoted Skills Improved Preserved & Promoted Services & Inequality Reduced Reduced Promoted Maintained Reduced Healthy and Healthy Healthy and Caring Culture & Quality of Democracy and Healthy and Caring Livability, Safety Macroeconomic Caring Society and Caring Society Enhanced Traditions Education Decentralization Society Enhanced and Sustainability Stability Ensured Enhanced Society Preserved & and Skills Strengthened of Human Enhanced Promoted Improved Settlements Improved Justice Livability, Justice Services Justice Services Democracy and Water, Food and Economic Services and Safety and and Institutions and Institutions Decentralization Nutrition Security Diversity and Institutions Sustainability Strengthened Strengthened Strengthened Ensured Productivity Strengthened of Human Enhanced Settlements Improved Water, Food and Nutrition Security NATIONAL KEY RESULT AREAS Ensured 2.4 Descriptions and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of NKRAs NKRA_1: Macroeconomic Stability Ensured This NKRA is about sustaining economic growth with sustainable fiscal deficit, price stability, full employment and sound financial system in the economy. SL KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source No Measurement Year 1.1 Annual Real GDP The indicator measures the rate at which the Gross Domestic product Percentage 2015 6.49 National Growth (GDP) changes/grows from one year to another by taking into account the (%) Accounts effects of inflation. Statistics, 2016 1.2 GNI per capita The Indicator measures the change in GNI per Capita USD 2015 2478.14 4036 NAS, 2016 1.3 Annual Debt Service The indicator measures ratio of total external debt to total export earnings. Percentage 2014/15 19.9 Less than or Annual Report, Ratio (%) Equal to 25% 2014/15, RMA/ National Public Debt Policy 1.4 Non-hydro Debt The indicator measures the total debt stock for the 12th FYP period Percentage 2016 29.1 Less than or MFCTC, Aug Stock over plan excluding debts attributable to hydropower projects. (%) Equal to 35% 2016/ National period Public Debt Policy 1.5 Average Fiscal The indicator measures fiscal deficit as a percentage of GDP for the five Percentage 2014-15 1.5 3 Annual Deficit over the plan fiscal years of 12th FYP. Fiscal deficit is defined as (taxes + fees and income (%) (surplus) Financial period from property and enterprises + proceeds Statement, from sale of land and other capital assets + recovery of on-lending 2014/15, MoF + grants) – (current expenditures + capital expenditures + lending) 1.6 Domestic revenue The indicator measures the proportion of domestic revenue as a percentage Percentage 2014-15 69% 80% Annual as % of total of total expenditure for the 12th FYP. Total Expenditure does not include (%) Financial expenditure over the lending and repayment. Statement, plan period 2014/15, MoF 1.7 Credit Growth to The indicator measures the growth rate of credit by Financial Institutions Ratio 2015 7.6:5.5 Annual Report, GDP Growth relative to the GDP growth rate on a year on year basis 2014/15, RMA 1.8 Current Account The indicator measures the difference between exports and imports of Percentage 2014-15 -30.2 Annual Report, Balance goods and services plus net factor income plus net current transfers as a (%) 2014/15, RMA percentage of GDP 21 1.9 Gross International The indicator measures the total annual reserves maintained by RMA that Months of 2014-15 11.8 At least 12 Annual Report, Reserves Adequacy is sufficient to cover at least 12 months of essential (as defined by RMA) merchandise months of 2014/15, RMA imports imports imports 1.10 Stabilization Fund The Indicator is about establishing a long term savings and investments Operationalised MoF vehicle to manage surplus fund  NKRA_2: Economic Diversity and Productive Capacity Enhanced This NKRA is about diversifying the economic base through accelerated development of sectors besides 22 hydropower and improving productivity through upgrading technology and advancing research and innovation capacity in key sectors and industries of the Bhutanese economy. SL KPI Description Unit of B a s e l i n e Baseline Target Source No Measurement Year 2.1 Tax Revenue over plan The indicator measures Tax Revenue as percentage of nominal Percentage (%) 2014/15 14.7 AFS 2014/15, period GDP MoF 2.2 FDI Inflow over plan The indicator measures absolute amount of inflow of total foreign Million USD 2012/13 49.4 Annual Report, period direct investments into the country over the 12th FYP 2014/15, RMA 2.3 Non-hydro merchandise The indicator measures the total exports of finished goods other Percentage (%) 2014 70 Annual Report, exports over plan period than electricity as percentage of total exports 2014/15, RMA 2.4 Distance to Frontier The indicator measures the distance to frontier of Bhutan in all 10 Score (0-100) 2015 64.9 Doing Business Score (Doing Business) areas of ease of doing business of the world bank. Report, 2016, World Bank 2.5 Share of domestic credit The indicator measures the proportion of total domestic credit Percentage (%) To be Determined to productive sectors disbursed to Productive Sectors including Agriculture, Tourism, and over plan period CSMIs sectors relative to total credit by financial institutions. 2.6 Total Labor Productivity The indicator measures the output per unit of labor. Aggregate labor Thousands of 2013 15.9 Asian Level productivity at national level and sector wise productivity will be USD Productivity assessed. Organization 2.7 Contribution of The indicator measures the share of productive sectors (Tourism, Percentage (%) 2014 Agri: 16.8; National Productive sectors to CSMIs and Agriculture) to GDP Share of Tourism Accounts GDP and CSMIs to be Statistics, 2015 estimated in the national accounts) 2.8 Research Endowment The indicator is about establishing an endowment fund to promote 0 Fund Established research and innovation in the country.  NKRA_3: Poverty Eradicated & Inequality Reduced This NKRA is about improving living conditions of the general population and reducing the gap between rich and poor. SL KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source No Measurement Year 3.1 National Poverty Rate The indicator measures the % of people living below the national Percentage (%) 2012 12 Poverty Analysis Report, poverty line of Nu. 1,704.84 per person per month. 2012 3.2 Multidimensional Poverty The indicator measures the % of people living below the Percentage (%) 2012 12.7 Bhutan Multidimensional Line multidimensional (health, education and living standard) poverty Poverty Index 2012 line. 3.3 Urban Poverty Rate The indicator measures the % of people living below the national Percentage (%) 2012 1.8 Poverty Analysis Report, poverty line in urban areas 2012 3.4 Subsistence poverty rate The indicator measures the % of people living below Subsistence Percentage (%) 2012 2.8 Poverty Analysis Report, Poverty OR Food poverty line of Nu. 1,154.74 per person/month 2012 3.5 Gini –Coefficient The indicator measures the ratio of income distribution within the Range 2012 0.36 Poverty Analysis Report, country’s resident on a scale of 0-1 with 0 being the least inequal, 2012 which helps to define the gap between the rich and the poor within the country (Inequality) 3.6 Monthly Consumption The indicator measures the extent of inequality through comparison Ratio 2012 7.3 Bhutan Living Standard Expenditure by richest of monthly consumption expenditure of 20% of the poorest Survey, 2012 20% of population to population to the 20% of the richest population poorest 20%* 3.7 People Enjoying The indicator measures the percentage of population that have met Percentage (%) 2015 81 GNH Survey, 2015 Sufficiency Level of Asset the sufficiency threshold of Asset ownership as defined by GNH survey. 3.8 People Enjoying The indicator measures the percentage of population that have met Percentage (%) 2015 59 GNH Survey, 2015 Sufficiency Level of the sufficiency threshold of Household per capita income as defined Household per capita by GNH survey. income 3.9 Inequality of Subjective The indicator measures the mean level of happiness in life reported Ten point scale 2015 6.877 GNH Survey, 2015 Wellbeing by the Bhutanese from 0 -10 23  NKRA_4: Culture & Traditions Preserved and Promoted The NKRA is about preserving and promoting our culture and traditions with special emphasis on intangible aspects of culture. 24 SL KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source No Measurement Year 4.1 People Enjoying Sufficiency in The indicator measures the % of population that have met the Percentage (%) 2015 95 >= 95 GNH Survey, 2015 Speaking native language sufficiency threshold of speaking native language as defined by GNH survey 4.2 People Enjoying Sufficiency in The indicator measures the % of population that have met the Percentage (%) 2015 46 >=46 GNH Survey, 2015 Cultural Participation sufficiency threshold of cultural participation as defined by GNH survey 4.3 People Enjoying Sufficiency in The indicator measures the % of population that have met the Percentage (%) 2015 63 >=63 GNH Survey, 2015 Zorig Chusum skills sufficiency threshold of Zorig Chusum as defined by GNH survey 4.4 People Enjoying Sufficiency in The indicator measures the % of population that have met the Percentage (%) 2015 43 >=43 GNH Survey, 2015 Driglam Namzha sufficiency threshold of knowledge and practice of Driglam Namzha as defined by GNH survey  NKRA_5: Healthy Ecosystem Services Maintained This NKRA is about continuing to conserve our natural environment that provides many essential ecosystem services such as clean air & water, and natural resources required for development. SL KPI Description Unit of Measurement Baseline Baseline Target Source No Year 5.1 Population status The indicator measures the number of Tigers (highest order Number 2015 103 Report on The of umbrella species of food chain) living within the geographical boundaries of the National Tiger (Tiger) country Survey of Bhutan 2014-15, MoAF 5.2 State Reserved Forests The indicator measures the total forest cover within the country Percentage (%) 2016 64 Forest Information managed for sustained managed through sustainable land management plans and Management eco-system services practices, as a percentage of total land area System, 2016 5.3 Ambient Air Quality The indicator measures the particulate matter of less than 10 Annual Average μg/m3 2015 Administrative Data, levels (PM10): micrometers in diameter (PM10) in Thimphu, Bajo, Pasakha and NEC, Thimphu, Bajo, Rinchending. PM10 is generally understood as “repairable dust” 42.79 State of Environment Pasakha, Rinchending that is inhaled by humans. National permissible annual average Report, 2016, NEC limit for mixed area (urban/commercial) is 60 μg/m3. National Administrative Data, permissible annual average limit for industrial areas is 120 μg/m3. NEC State of Environment Bajo Annual Average μg/m3 2014 92 Report, 2016, NEC Pasakha Annual Average μg/m3 2015 276.48 Rinchending Annual Average μg/m3 2014 90 5.4 Degraded land The indicator measures the total degraded land area due to Percentage (%) 2015 0.18 State of Environment landslides and erosion as defined by the State of Environment Report, 2016, NEC Report as percentage of total land area. 5.5 People Enjoying The indicator measures the percentage of population that have Percentage (%) 2015 88 GNH Survey, 2015 Sufficiency Level of met the sufficiency threshold of Ecological issues as defined by Ecological Issues Index GNH survey. 5.6 People Enjoying The indicator measures the percentage of population that Percentage (%) 2015 79 GNH Survey, 2015 Sufficiency Level of have met the sufficiency threshold of Responsibility towards Responsibility towards environment as defined by GNH survey environment 5.7 Land Use Zoning The Indicator is about Zoning the entire country for Land Use Date NLC 25  NKRA_6: Carbon Neutral, Climate and Disaster Resilient Development Enhanced This NKRA is about ensuring a carbon neutral development path and building capacity to respond, mitigate and adapt to climate change. It is also about building our resilience to disaster impacts. 26 SL No KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source Measurement Year 6.1 Carbon Intensity (tCO2 The indicator measures the per capita carbon emitted ton per capita 2013 3.0 Intended Nationally emission) annually Determined Contribution, 2015 and SYB of Bhutan 2015 6.2 Forest sink capacity The indicator measures the total amount of carbon Million Tons 2013 6.3 Intended Nationally emission absorbed annually by the forest in million tons Determined Contribution, 2015 6.3 Glacial lakes assessed for The indicator measures the number of Glacial lakes Number 2016 4 Technical Report on GLOF hazards assessed for Glacial Lake Outburst and Flood hazards in Assessment of Selected the 12th FYP period Glacial Lakes, Department of Hydromet Services, MoEA 6.4 Critical public infrastructures The indicator measures the number of critical public Numbers To be (School infrastructure, Health infrastructure such as School infrastructure, Health Determined Centress and roads with Centre and Roads – National Highway, Dzongkhag, climate/disaster resilient Farm and Gewog Roads that are made climate change features ) and disaster resilient 6.5 Sector Disaster Management The indicator measures the number of Sector disaster Numbers 0 Administrative Data, Dept. and Contingency Plan preparedness /management/contingency plans of Disaster Management, developed in the 12th FYP period MoHCA  NKRA_7: Quality of Education& Skills Improved This NKRA is about improving the quality of education and skills at all levels including technical and vocational education. SL No KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source Measurement Year 7.1 Graduates from In-country TEIs The indicator measures the percentage of graduates from Percentage (%) To be Employed within one year of Incountry Tertiary Education Institutions, who get employed Determined graduation within one year after graduation 7.2 TEIs institutions accredited by The indicator measures the number of Tertiary Education Number 2016 0 Administrative Data, regional/international bodies Institutes accredited by regional and international accreditation Bhutan Accreditation or standardization bodies Council 7.3 In-country graduates qualifying the The indicator measures the percentage of in-country graduates Percentage (%) 2016 80.2 90 RCSC PE in BCSE that pass the preliminary exams to sit for Bhutan Civil Service Administrative Data Examination 7.4 Students performance in BCSE The indicator measures the percentage of students who score Percentage (%) To be Examinations at least 60 percent in Maths, Science, English and Dzongkha Determined BHSEC 7.5 Students performance in BHSEC The indicator measures the percentage of students who Percentage (%) To be Examinations score at least 60 percent in best 4 subjects in Bhutan Higher Determined Secondary Examination Certificate 7.6 Mean score in the core subjects The indicator measures the mean score out of 100 in the core Percentage (%) To be PISA in PISA (Program of International subjects in Program of International Student Assessment determined Student Assessment) participation participation in 2017/18 7.7 TVET institutions accredited by The indicator measures the number of Technical and Vocational Number 2015 0 Administrative Data, regional/international bodies Education Institutes accredited by regional and international Dept. of Human accreditation or standardization bodies Resource, MoLHR 7.8 TVET graduates employed within The indicator measures the percentage of Technical and Percentage (%) 2015- 79.4 Administrative Data, 6 months of graduation Vocational graduates (6 TTIs + 2 Zorig chhusum Institutes) who 2016 Dept. of Human get employed within six months after graduation from TVET Resource, MoLHR Institutes within the country 7.9 People Enjoying Sufficiency Level The indicator measures the percentage of population that have Percentage (%) 2015 99 GNH Survey, 2015 of Values Index met the sufficiency threshold of values as defined by GNH survey 27 7.10 People Enjoying Sufficiency Level The indicator measures the percentage of population that have Percentage (%) 2015 8 GNH Survey, 2015 of Knowledge Index met the sufficiency threshold of knowledge as defined by GNH survey  NKRA_8: Water, Food and Nutrition Security Ensured This NKRA is about increasing food production and sustainable agricultural practices that will enhance food self-sufficiency. It also aims to ensure water security and address nutritional needs of the children and reduce 28 prevalence of malnutrition in the country. SL No KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source Measurement Year 8.1 Agriculture Land under The indicator measures the proportion of Agriculture land that is Percentage 2010 2.93 State of Cultivation cultivated as percentage of total Agriculture land (%) Environment Report, 2016, NEC 8.2 Land under Assured Irrigation The indicator measures the total acreage of land that is covered by Acres 2010 67,676 Administrative Data, functional and reliable irrigation with assured water supply MoAF 8.3 Food Sufficiency The indicator measures the sufficiency level of overall food at Percentage 2014 81.91 Report on National National Level ( domestically produced) as measured through the (%) Dietary Energy food basket determined by the MoAF Consumption Status and Self-sufficiency Ratio, 2015 8.4 Food Insufficiency in the country The indicator measures the percentage of households that Percentage 2012 4.8 Bhutan Living experience food insufficiency in the country in the last 12 months ( (%) Standard Survey, i.e that did not have enough food to feed all household members) 2012 8.5 Stunting (Height for Age) The indicator measures the percentage of children < 5 years that Percentage 2010 33.5 National Nutrition don’t meet the height for age growth standards. According to (%) Survey, 2015 WHO, stunnting is for the “height for age” value to be less than two standard deviations of the WHO Child Growth Standards median 8.6 Prevalence of Anemia in The indicator measures percentage of adolescent girls that are Percentage 2014 31.3 National Nutrition adolescent Girls ( 10-19 years) anemic (Hemoglobin concentrations less than 12g/dL at sea level) (%) Survey, 2015 8.7 Households with access to 24 The indicator measures the percentage of both urban and rural Percentage To be Bhutan Living hours supply of piped drinking households that have access to 24 hours supply of piped drinking (%) Determined Standard Survey, water (urban &rural) water. Access is defined as piped water within the dwelling 2012 8.8 Water Security Index The indicator measures water security using the Bhutan Water Average 2015 3.06 Integrated Security Index which constitutes of 5 dimensions- Rural, Baseline Score Water Resource Economic, Urban, Environment, and Resilience- developed by the Management Plan, National Environment Commission. The index is scaled from 1 - 5, 2016 where a score of 1 represents the lowest level of security and 5 represents the highest. Score of 3 corresponds to ‘Capable Stage’ which is achieved upon fulfillment of a set of criteria.  NKRA_9: Infrastructure, Communication & Public Service Delivery Improved This NKRA is about improving provision of quality and efficient public services: Government-to-Citizen, Government- to-Business, Government-to-Government services and corporate services. SL No KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source Measurement Year 9.1 TAT for 50 most commonly The indicator measures the reduction in turnaround time for the 50 Number 2016 By 50% Administrative availed new public services most commonly availed public services data, G2C Office (G2C+G2B+G2G) ( List and baseline for each services annexed) 9.2 Average Annual performance The indicator measures the average National Technical Committee Percentage (%) 2015-16 94.6 Administrative rating of government agencies evaluated APA scores of all Budgetary Agencies Data, GPMD 9.3 Public satisfaction on public The indicator measures the satisfaction level of people on the delivery Percentage (%) TBD BLSS services of public services by public agencies ( Birth Registration, Security Clearance, CID, Passport, Rural Timber Permit, School Admission) 9.4 Public satisfaction on The indicator measures the satisfaction level of people on the delivery Percentage (%) TBD BLSS corporate services of corporate services by corporate agencies ( Banking, Telecom, Electricity) 9.5 New public services delegated The indicator measures the number of public services that are Number 2016 0 15 Administrative from Central Agencies to LGs delegated by Central agencies to the Local Governments for effective data, G2C Office and efficient delivery 9.6 Roads accessible throughout The indicator measures the proportion of motor roads that are all Percentage (%) the year in all types of weather weather accessible throughout the year (black topped or permanent works) 9.7 Gewogs connected by public The indicator measures the number of Gewogs that has access to Number TBD Administrative transport public transport.( Public bus) data, MoIC 9.8 EVs Penetration The indicator measures electric vehicles as a proportion of all new Percentage (%) 2016 0.13 Administrative vehicles (small and medium) in the country data, RSTA 9.9 Travel time in trucking hours The indicator measures reduction in travel time between Dzongkhags Hours along the national highway 9.10 Internet Connection Reliability The indicator measures the reduction in internet downtime (number of Hours hours internet is totally down during 24 hours). 29  NKRA_10: Gender Equality Promoted and Women and Girls Empowered This NKRA is about promoting gender equality and empowering women and girls. 30 SL No KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source Measurement Year 10.1 Women’s representation in The indicator measures the number of women parliamentarians Percentage (%) 2016 0.08 (6 Monitor Election Commission/ the Parliament in the National Assembly and National Council as percentage of members) Parliament total parliamentarians 10.2 Women’s representation in The indicator measures the representation of elected women Percentage (%) 2016 11.4 Monitor Administrative Data, the Local Governments in the local governments as percentage of total representatives (162/1425) Department of Local including Gup, Mangmi, Chiwog Tshogpa, Thrompon, Thromde Governance, MoHCA Tshogpa and Dzongkhag Thromde Thuemi. 10.3 Gender Parity Index in The indicator measures the proportion of females to males in the Ratio 2014 1: 1.3 Annual Education tertiary education tertiary education institutes in Bhutan Statistics 2014 10.4 Female Unemployment The indicator measures the level of female unemployment Percentage (%) 2015 3.1 Labor Force Survey Report, 2015 10.5 Gender Equality Index The indicator will provide national level information on country’s Score 2015 0.572 Human Development position in terms of achieving Gender Equality. The index shall be Report, 2015 developed by NCWC in the 12th FYP 10.6 Female participating as The indicator measures the percentage of women candidates Percentage (%) To be Monitor RCSC candidate in management in management positions (Ex3 and above) in Government - Determined position in public Sector measured as a percentage of total candidates against the total opening over the plan period.  NKRA_11: Productive & Gainful Employment Created This NKRA is about creating decent job opportunities for the Bhutanese, particularly the young population, and also to ensure a safe and secure work environment. SL No KPI Description Unit of Baseline Baseline Target Source Measurement Year 11.1 National Unemployment Rate The indicator measures the national unemployment rate defined as Percentage (%) 2015 2.5 Labor Force the proportion of the total unemployed to the total labour force by the Survey Report, Labour Force Survey conducted by MoLHR 2015 11.2 Youth unemployment rate The indicator measures the youth unemployment rate (between Percentage (%) 2015 10.7 Labor Force ages 15-24) Survey Report, 2015 11.2 (a) Female The indicator measures the youth female unemployment rate (between ages 15-24) segregated in terms of sex 11.2 (b) Male The indicator measures the youth male unemployment rate (between ages 15-24) 11.3 Regular paid employee The indicator measures the percentage of employed population that Percentage (%) 2015 23.1 Labor Force are salaried Survey Report, 2015 11.4 Labor Force Participation The indicator measures the ratio of the labour force to the working- Percentage (%) 2015 63.1 Labor Force Rate age (15 years plus) population. The labor force is the sum of the Survey Report, persons with work and those without work but are available and 2014 actively seeking work 11.5 Chronic unemployment rate The indicator measure