12Phonetics3_removed (1).pdf

CONSONANTS – MANNER OF ARTICULATION: 2 KINDS of STOPS — Stops: There is a complete obstruction of airflow somewhere in the vocal tract. — This obstruction is caused by a closure at some place of articulation — Thus we can talk about all stops in terms of place of articulation for the closure — In En...

CONSONANTS – MANNER OF ARTICULATION: 2 KINDS of STOPS — Stops: There is a complete obstruction of airflow somewhere in the vocal tract. — This obstruction is caused by a closure at some place of articulation — Thus we can talk about all stops in terms of place of articulation for the closure — In English we have bilabial, alveolar, velar, and glottal stops (i.e. the closure happens at these places of articulation) — We can also talk about all stops in terms of being oral/nasal CONSONANTS – MANNER OF ARTICULATION: 1. ORAL STOPS [p, b, t, d, k, g, Ɂ ] — The velum is raised to block the nasal cavity so that when the closure is opened (i.e. the stop is released), the air flows out only through the mouth. — The sound can most easily be heard when released before a vowel or another sound. CONSONANTS – MANNER OF ARTICULATION: 2. NASAL STOPS Nasal stops [m] [n] [ŋ] — The velum is lowered to open the nasal cavity. — When the stop is released, the air can flow out through the mouth and the nose. CONSONANTS – MANNER OF ARTICULATION: STOPS cab [kæb] vs. cam [kæm] raid [red] vs. rain [ren] rug [rʌg] vs. rung [rʌŋ] What feature distinguishes the bold sounds on the left from the ones on the right?