1.1.3 The Antihypertensive Agents (Diuretics) PDF Pharm 315
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This document is a chapter titled "The Antihypertensive Agents (Diuretics)" from a pharmaceutical science course, likely Pharm 315. It provides an outline, mechanisms of action, effects, and uses of different types of diuretics, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotic diuretics, loop diuretics, and potassium-sparing diuretics. It covers topics including metabolic alkalosis, acute mountain sickness, and open-angle glaucoma. The document references specific drugs, such as Acetazolamide, Furosemide, and Spironolactone.
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Chapter 1.1.3 | The Antihypertensive Agents (Diuretics) PHARM 315 | AJLSinnaco2024 2. Metabolic Alkalosis: Defined as the elevation of the body's pH a...
Chapter 1.1.3 | The Antihypertensive Agents (Diuretics) PHARM 315 | AJLSinnaco2024 2. Metabolic Alkalosis: Defined as the elevation of the body's pH above 7.45. OUTLINE I. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor a. Increased HCO3- in the blood → MOA: II. Osmotic Diuretic Zolamides capability to excrete HCO3- in III. Loop Diuretics the urine IV. Thiazide Diuretics V. Potassium Sparring Diuretics 3. Acute Mountain Sickness 4. Catamenial seizures: A seizure that occurs I. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR during the menstrual period MECHANISM OF ACTION: a. The increased CO3 in the brain increases epileptogenic impulses T/E: 1. Metabolic Acidosis 2. Sulfa-like hypersensitivity CONTRAINDICATIONS: 1. Liver disease: Accumulation of NH3 (an alkaline compound) NOTES: NOTES: 2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Accumulation of CO2 in the blood → Respiratory acidosis + Metabolic acidosis II. OSMOTIC DIURETICS ACETAZOLAMIDE MECHANISM OF ACTION: BRINZOLAMIDE DORZOLAMIDE EFFECTS: Diuresis (short-lived) – lasts for 3 days aqueous humor production Hypertension is not the primary indication; Primarily indicated for OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA USES: 1. Open Angle Glaucoma: The drainage angle formed by the iris and cornea remains open, but other parts of the drainage system don't drain properly. NOTES: MANNITOL UREA Chapter 1.1.3 | The Antihypertensive Agents (Diuretics) PHARM 315 | AJLSinnaco2024 USES: 1. Cerebral Edema: The presence of excess fluid EFFECTS: in the brain, resulting in swelling → intracranial Marked increase in NaCl excretion pressure Some K wasting Mannitol draws H2O out of the brain Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis through urination. Increased urine Ca and Mg T/E: USES: 1. Hypovolemia 1. Severe hypertension 2. Hypernatremia 2. Acute Edema: Fluid accumulation in the peripheral (lower extremities) & pulmonary III. LOOP DIURETICS Furosemide: DOC for acute edema MECHANISM OF ACTION: 3. Oliguria/Anuria Oliguria:
