Perception Notes PDF

Perception -we recognize whats represented by info provided by senses -- gives unity and coherences Gestalt -- look at the whole rather than different pieces -- the whole is the sum of its parts -- what you perceive may be more that the individual pieces Form Perception -- figure-main focus of at...

Perception -we recognize whats represented by info provided by senses -- gives unity and coherences Gestalt -- look at the whole rather than different pieces -- the whole is the sum of its parts -- what you perceive may be more that the individual pieces Form Perception -- figure-main focus of attention, ground -- background -focus on things with a particular shape or location -- background is formless and helps us focus on the Figure Illusion -- an error in the perceptual process -- false or misleading impression -- Illusory Contours -- see things that aren't actually there Delusion -- false belief -- people often have the delusion of grandeur where a person feels more important than they are Hallucination -- is a false sensory experience -- sometimes people hear voices, sense something in the absence of an external stimulus -- psychedelic drugs -- bizarre patterns and sounds -- some artwork has been designed to enhance these senses Optical Illusions -- seeing is believing but seeing isn't always believing correctly -- eyes and brain are constantly trying to figure out what colour we are seeing and automatically compensate for shadow -- you see what the brain thinks is real instead of what is actually real due to previous experience -our brains know what a face looks like so it compensates when parts are rearranged -certain parts of brain are dedicated to face recognition -- works better right side up as we don't se upside down faces as often -the brain fills in gaps, coarse features can be seen farther away and fine features can be see close up, suspect lighter colours travel to the brain faster, Selective attention -- cocktail party phenomenon (focused on one conversation but if someone said your name you would attend to that) -- determines which events we become conscious of -- process that controls our awareness of and readiness to respond to stimuli -- brain mechanism responsible for processing a certain amount of stimuli Feature detectors -- nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific stimuli or stimuli in a particular location -- images can be stored in the mind to know what something is , takes less to decode an image that is familiar Habituation -- tendency of brain to ignore environmental factors that remain constant -- babies will attend to an object until the novelty has worn off Troxler's Fading (or Troxler's Effect) -- when you fixate on the center point of an unchanging stimulus that which is away from the fixation point will begin to fade, some portion of the phenomena occurs in the brain Lilac Chaser is another illusion you can look up Form Perception -organization of the visual field that stand out from their surroundings -- group by proximity, continuity, closure, similarity, connectedness -grouping -- after distinguishing the figure from the ground our perception needs to organize the figure into a meaningful form using grouping rules \*\*\*know the category and what they mean good test question\*\*\*Similarity -- Unity -- Continuity (compelled to move through objects following a curve) -- Closure (brain completes the picture) Proximity -- when given proximity unity occurs -- they continue to be separate shapes they are one group Grouping and Reality -- sometimes grouping can lead us astray -think about someone describing something -- the things they attend to are the things they are familiar with, know something about and are connected to Depth Perception -- lets us judge distances and learnt mostly through experience -we organize images into 3D, mobile animals come prepared with some sense of depth perception Convergence -- two eyes spaced apart so when we focus we focus them together -- the fixation point for each eye is identical because it is binocular vision and helps judge distance and where things are in space Binocular Depth cues -- focal point changes and sees both at once Retinal Disparity -- images from two eyes differ Monocular cues -- size of image (Relative Size ) perceive smaller retinal image to be farther away) - Interposition -- objects that block or objects are perceived as closer -- linear perspective -- parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, the more the lines converge the greater the perceived distance- relative height, perceive objects that are higher in field of vision seem to be farther away than lower items -- relative motion (objects closer to a fixation point move faster and in opposing direction to those objects that are farther away from a fixation point moving slower and same direction - Texture gradient -- nearby objects have a more distinct texture than distant ones - Aerial perspective -- light and shadow (nearby objects reflect more light than distant, the dimmer appears farther away