Cement - 1.1 PDF

1.1 Cement Common Structural Materials Used in Structures Structure 1 2 High Rise Building Steel Concrete Commercial Building Concrete Steel Residential Building Wood Concrete Highway Pavement Asphalt Concr...

1.1 Cement Common Structural Materials Used in Structures Structure 1 2 High Rise Building Steel Concrete Commercial Building Concrete Steel Residential Building Wood Concrete Highway Pavement Asphalt Concrete Bridges Concrete Steel Airport Pavement Concrete Asphalt Canal Lining Concrete Asphalt Dams Concrete Soil Tunnels Concrete Steel Sidewalks Concrete Asphalt Floors Wood Concrete Foundation Concrete Soil Cement Cement –a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Hydraulic Cement-ability to set and harden mixed with water (e.g. Portland Cement) Non-hydraulic cements-do not have the ability to set and harden under water but require air to harden (e.g. lime) Portland cement is the product obtained by pulverizing clinker, consisting of hydraulic calcium silicates to which some calcium sulfate has usually been provided as an interground addition. When first made and used in the early 19th century in England, it was termed portland cement because its hydration product resembled a building stone from the Isle of Portland off the British coast.  Why “Portland” Cement In 1824 Joseph Aspdin produced a cement from a heated mixture of limestone and clay. He was awarded a British patent, and the name “portland cement” was used because when the material hardened, it resembled a stone from the quarries of Portland, England.  History The word "cement" can be traced back to the Ancient Roman term opus caementicium, used to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick supplements that were added to the burnt lime, to obtain a hydraulic binder, were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cäment, and cement.  History The interior of the Pantheon Facade of the Pantheon, with the Pantheon obelisk Common Sources of Raw Materials Used in the manufacture of Portland cement Calcium Iron Silica Alumina Sulfate Aragonite Clay Clay Aluminum ore Gypsum refuse* Calcite Iron Ore Marl Clay Limestone Mill scale* sand Fly ash* Marl shale Shale Shale CaO Fe O * Industrial by-product2 3 SiO2 Al2O3 SO4 Source: Portland Cement Association Cement Properties of Portland Cement 1. Size – passing #200 sieve (