General Biology I - Cell Structure and Function - PDF

AGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ❖ Breakdown GENERAL BIOLOGY I Lysosomes– break down lipids, carbohydrates,...

AGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ❖ Breakdown GENERAL BIOLOGY I Lysosomes– break down lipids, carbohydrates, Module 1 and proteins into small molecules CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION – “suicide bags” Peroxisome- breakdown fatty acids by oxidizing Learning objective: it using hydrogen peroxide Vacuoles – Digestion and storage of chemicals 1. Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular - water balance organelles. ❖ Energy Processing Cell Function: ❖ Manufacturing Mitochondria – “Powerhouse of the cell” - Conversion of chemical energy of food to Nucleus- contains the genetic material of the cell chemical energy of ATP (adenosine that controls all cell processes triphosphate) - DNA synthesis Chloroplasts – capture the energy from sunlight Nucleolus - production of ribosomes begins and convert into chemical energy in the Ribosomes- protein synthesis process called photosynthesis – made up of RNA Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ❖ Structural support, Movement and -protein synthesis Communication -formation of transport vesicles Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoplasm -semi-liquid jelly-like material where organelles are embedded on it -lipid synthesis Cytoskeleton – is a network of protein fibers supporting cell shape and -detoxification in liver cells putting the organelles in place - also responsible for cell movement. Cytoskeleton parts: Golgi Apparatus - modifies, sorts, and packages proteins – Microfilament and other materials form the ER for storage inside - Intermediate filament the cell or release outside the cell - Microtubule - formation of lysosomes and transport vesicles PRINCESS WEENA EVE M. ASTILLA-PADIOS GENERAL BIOLOGY I AGUSAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Microfilament-threadlike structure composed of protein called actin Others: -form extensive networks Inclusion- store reserve materials needed by the cell and produce a very strong Plasmid- small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules thatis distinct from flexible framework the chromosomal DNA that supports the cell Plasmodesmata- a channel through the plant cell wall that allows -help the cell move. molecules and substances to move in and out of the cell. Intermediate Filament- lies Secretory Vesicle- moving molecules outside of the cell by the process between a microfilament called Exocytosis. and microtubule -made up of several strands of protein fibers that are put together - its function is purely structural and does not involve in cell movement - maintains the shape of the cell and place organelles on their specific positions in the cell Microtubule - is a small hollow structure made of proteins called tubulins - maintains the shape of the cell - very important in cell division Centrosomes– composed of two centrioles necessary for cell division - only found in animal cell Cell Membrane -separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment Cell Wall –nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the cell membrane, encloses and supports the cell Chromatin –provide instruction for the cell activities (growth, reproduction) Pilus- Latin for hair, plural for Pili, thick, long and hollow, helps in the transfer of plasmid from one cell to another Fimbriae- help cell stick to surface, small, thin, and finger like projections Capsule- magical protection, that has resistance to anti-microbial substances PRINCESS WEENA EVE M. ASTILLA-PADIOS GENERAL BIOLOGY I