Microscopic Exam - Part 1 PDF

6/25/2024 Microscopic Exam – Part 1 Chapter 7 Preamble PowerPoints are a general overview and are provided to help students take notes over the video lecture ONLY. PowerPoints DO NOT cover the details needed for the Unit exam Each student is responsible for READING the TEXTBOOK fo...

6/25/2024 Microscopic Exam – Part 1 Chapter 7 Preamble PowerPoints are a general overview and are provided to help students take notes over the video lecture ONLY. PowerPoints DO NOT cover the details needed for the Unit exam Each student is responsible for READING the TEXTBOOK for details to answer the UNIT OBJECTIVES Unit Objectives are your study guide (not this PowerPoint) Test questions cover the details of UNIT OBJECTIVES found only in your Textbook! 1  6/25/2024 Introduction Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment Identification of insoluble substances (formed elements) Red blood cells (RBCs) Parasites White blood cells (WBCs) Mucus Epithelial cells Spermatozoa Casts Crystals Bacteria Artifacts Yeast Introduction (continued_1) Least standardization Microscope analysis is subject to several procedural variations: The methods by which the sediment is prepared The volume of sediment actually examined The methods and equipment used to obtain visualization The manner in which the results are reported 2  6/25/2024 Macroscopic Screening Microscopic is performed based on physical and chemical results Color, clarity, blood, protein, nitrite, leukocyte esterase, and possibly glucose Special populations: pregnant women; pediatric, geriatric, diabetic, immunocompromised, and renal patients Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations: Requested by the physician Laboratory-specified population Any abnormal physical or chemical result Specimen Preparation Examine when fresh or preserved RBCs, WBCs, casts disintegrate in dilute, alkaline urine Refrigeration precipitates crystals Can obscure other elements Less contamination (epithelial cells) from a midstream clean-catch specimen Thoroughly mix specimen before decanting to the centrifuge tube 3  6/25/2024 Specimen Volume Centrifuge 10 to 15 mL urine (reagent strips fit into 12 mL) Quantities 1% significant Concentrate sediment, centrifuge, or cytocentrifuge 28  6/25/2024 WBCs (continued_4) Mononuclear cells Lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, histiocytes are rare Differentiate from renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cells Staining Lymphocytes may resemble RBCs; seen in early transplant rejection May need to refer to cytodiagnostic testing WBCs (continued_5) Normal =