Lecture 1.1: Introduction - CHEM 151 Biochemistry I PDF

Lecture 1.1: Introduction CHEM 151: Biochemistry I What is Biochemistry? Why should you study it? Biochemistry is the study of life on a molecular level 1  You are living during th...

Lecture 1.1: Introduction CHEM 151: Biochemistry I What is Biochemistry? Why should you study it? Biochemistry is the study of life on a molecular level 1  You are living during the biomedical/nanotechnology revolution - DNA sequencing and synthesis (personalized medicine) ↑ 01224195/C1505 - Gene engineering (CRIPSR-Cas9) cu + + 19 genes - Computer designed of proteins – Machine learning - Rechargeable batteries – Renewable energy - Antibody therapies (Biologics) - Immunotherapies 2 Immunotherapies: Using our own immune system to make new therapies HariTess1179117(17741)e systelis to fight diseases * secret e 2 * -na + ura) Dio + +1178 + na + f199.. https://www.akadeum.com/blog/an-inside-look-at-the-role-of-t-cells-and-b-cells-in-immune- response-to-covid-19/  Immunotherapies: Using our own immune system to make new therapies biologic drugs are mostly monoclonal antibodies our natural defense against disease - binds 2 + ↳ recog171ze pathogen Immunotherapies: Using our own immune system to make new therapies * For 17 d now od/7(25 02/18 + + 10k + - 2011/ Immunotherapies: Using our own immune system to make new therapies mRNA vaccine development and the future personalized medicine Central Dogma mRNA vaccine development and the future personalized medicine mRNA vaccine development and the future personalized medicine Gene Editing with CRISPR Gene Editing with CRISPR-Cas9 RNA Gene Editing with CRISPR  Using Computers to Predict Protein Structures and Make Designer Proteins AlphaFold2: a solution to a 50- year-old grand challenge in biology. Predicting the structure of every protein using neural networks Software has been used to design proteins that inhibit influenza, make vaccines, and protein switches UoP Advantage: We are a member institution of Rosetta Commons  Biochemistry touches on all scientific disciplines and leads to real world innovation Medicine – Clinical Diagnose and monitor diseases – Biomarkers in cancers – Transaminase levels (Organ health)/Metabolic Disease – Hemoglobin breakdown product – bilirubin – Nutrition science Designer Drugs – New and Improved chemotherapy agents – Biological therapies – ANTIBODIES – Engineered proteins – genetic engineering (CRISPR-Cas9) Protein Diseases Agriculture Herbicides and Pesticides Transgenic crops Industry Synthesis Detoxification Bioremediate 14  Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes occurring in living matter. https://biochem.ubc.ca/undergraduate/prospective-students/what-is- biochemistry/#:~:text=At%20its%20most%20basic%2C%20biochemistry,processes%20occurring%20in%20living%20matter.&text=Th e%20tools%20of%20biochemists%20have,to%20preventions%2C%20treatments%20or%20cures. 15  Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes occurring in living matter. https://biochem.ubc.ca/undergraduate/prospective-students/what-is- biochemistry/#:~:text=At%20its%20most%20basic%2C%20biochemistry,processes%20occurring%20in%20living%20matter.&text=Th e%20tools%20of%20biochemists%20have,to%20preventions%2C%20treatments%20or%20cures. "Biochemistry has become the foundation for understanding all biological processes. It has provided explanations for the causes of many diseases in humans, animals and plants." https://www.mcgill.ca/biochemistry/about-us/information/biochemistry 16  Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes occurring in living matter. https://biochem.ubc.ca/undergraduate/prospective-students/what-is- biochemistry/#:~:text=At%20its%20most%20basic%2C%20biochemistry,processes%20occurring%20in%20living%20matter.&text=The%20tool s%20of%2 0biochemists%20have,to%20preventions%2C%20treatments%20or%20cures. "Biochemistry has become the foundation for understanding all biological processes. It has provided explanations for the causes of many diseases in humans, animals and plants." https://www.mcgill.ca/biochemistry/about-us/information/biochemistry Awesome video about what biochemistry is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uM1t0mWXU30 If you watch this video please like it on youtube 17  Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes occurring in living matter. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Organic/biochemcon.html 18  This Class Will Teach you to Think Like a Scientist Becoming Information literate Critically evaluate data Avoid conformation biases STAY OPENED-MINDED (scientist often reevaluate their hypothesis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZtigBXkDzE based on new information) 19 The scientific method 20  The scientific method in practice: Primary Data va app cheed 4 men 11 + 100 va , ne G ↓ O 21 Anogenital Wart Prevalence (Caused by HPV)—United States, 2003-2010 Flagg EW, Schwartz R, Weinstock H. Prevalence of anogenital warts among participants in private health plans in the United St ates, 2003-2010: potential impact of human papillomavirus vaccination. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(8):1428-1435. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301182  What is a vaccine? Vaccine : a substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases B-cell expert Variolation was the method of inoculation first used to immunize individuals against smallpox with material taken from a patient or a recently variolated individual, in the hope that a mild, but protective, infection would result. https://www.storyboardthat.com/storyboards/erichoi/edward-jenner-smallpox-vaccination-comic https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/special-edition-on-infectious- disease/2014/the-fight-over-inoculation-during-the-1721-boston- smallpox-epidemic/ grid.news/story/science/2022/08/22/is-polio-returning-in-new-york-the-complicated-story-of-the-virus- reemergence-and-why-our-response-matters/ 25  What are current vaccine strategies to introduce antigen? Pollard, A.J., Bijker, E.M. A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new 26 developments. Nat Rev Immunol 21, 83–100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020- Attenuated/Inactivated virus: The most common way that flu vaccines are made is using an egg-based manufacturing process that has been used for more than 70 years. Egg-based vaccine manufacturing is used to make both inactivated (killed) vaccine (usually called the “flu shot”) and live attenuated (weakened) vaccine (usually called the “nasal spray flu vaccine”).  antigen w10 virus + all Recombinant protein vaccine: To make effective recombinant protein multivalent vaccines display is also important to elicit an immune response Adenovirus Vaccines: mRNA Vaccines Central dogma of biology Vaccines are effective at reducing covid deaths – early data Fall2021 New Cases: Deaths: 31 Vaccines (and boosters) are effective at reducing covid deaths – current data 32  What Can YOU Be with a Science Degree 33 WHAT CAN YOU BE WITH A SCIECNE DEGREE?  S Summary What They Do Work Environment How to Become One Pay Job Outlook State & Area D Home Research Scientist Subjects Data Tools Publications Economic Releases Students Beta Summary OOH HOME | OCCUPATION FINDER | OOH FAQ | OOH GLOSSARY | A-Z INDEX | OOH SITE MAP Quick Facts: Chemists and Materials Scientists $78,330 per year 2018 Median Pay $37.66 per hour Occupational Outlook Handbook Typical Entry-Level > Life, Physical, and Social Science > Education Bachelor's degree Biochemists Work Experience inand Biophysicists a Related Occupation None On-the-job Training None Summary What They Do Work Environment How to Become One Pay Job Outlook State & Area D Number of Jobs, 2018 95,800 Job Outlook, 2018-28 4% (As fast as average) Summary Employment Change, 2018-28 3,500 Quick Facts: Biochemists and Biophysicists What Chemists and Materials Scientists Do $93,280 per year Chemists and materials 2018 Median Pay scientists study substances at the atomic and molecular levels and analyze the $44.85 per hour ways in which the substances interact with one another. Typical Entry-Level Education Doctoral or professional degree Work Environment Work Experience in a Related Occupation None On-the-job Chemists andTraining materials scientists work in laboratories andNone offices. They typically work full time and keep regular hours Number of Jobs, 2018 30,400 How to Become a Chemist or Materials Scientist 6% (As fast as average) Job Outlook, 2018-28 Chemists and materials scientists need at least a bachelor’s degree in chemistry or a related field. However, a master’s Employment Change, 2018-28 1,900 research jobs. What Biochemists and Biophysicists Do Pay Biochemists and biophysicists study the chemical and physical principles of living things and of The median annual wage for chemists was $76,890 in May 2018. biological processes.  Occupational Outlook Handbook > Architecture and Engineering > Agricultural Engineers Agriculture/Chemical Engineering Summary What They Do Work Environment How to Become One Pay Job Outlook State & Area Data Similar A to Z Index | FAQs | About BLS | Contact Us S Follow Us | Wha Summary Search BLS.gov Home Subjects Data Tools Quick Publications Facts: Agricultural Engineers Economic Releases Students Beta $77,110 per year 2018 Median Pay $37.07 per hour OOH HOME | OCCUPATION FINDER | OOH FAQ | OOH GLOSSARY | A-Z INDEX | OOH SITE MAP Typical Entry-Level Education Bachelor's degree Searc Work Experience in a Related Occupation None On-the-job Training None Number Outlook Occupational of Jobs, 2018 > Architecture and Engineering > Handbook 2,600 Chemical Engineers Job Outlook, 2018-28 5% (As fast as average) Employment Change, 2018-28 100 Summary What They Do Work Environment How to Become One Pay Job Outlook State & Area Data Simila What Agricultural Engineers Do Agricultural engineers solve problems concerning power supplies, machine efficiency, the use of Summary structures and facilities, pollution and environmental issues, and the storage and processing of agricultural products. Work Environment Quick Facts: Chemical Engineers Agricultural engineers $104,910 work mostly in offices, but may spend time per to traveling year agricultural settings. Agricultural engineers typically wo 2018 Median Pay $50.44 per hour Typical How to Entry-Level Become anEducation Agricultural Engineer Bachelor's degree Agricultural engineers Work Experience in amust haveOccupation Related a bachelor’s degree, preferably in agricultural engineering or biological engineering. None On-the-job Training None Pay Number of Jobs, 2018 33,900 The median annual wage for agricultural engineers was $77,110 in May 2018. Job Outlook, 2018-28 6% (As fast as average) Job Outlook Change, 2018-28 Employment 2,100 Employment of agricultural engineers is projected to grow 5 percent from 2018 to 2028, about as fast as the average for all occupatio What Chemical the efficiency Engineersproduction of agricultural Do systems and to reduce environmental damage should maintain demand for these workers. Chemical engineers apply the principles of chemistry, biology, physics, and math to solve problems Health Care Doctor Dentist Nurse Pharmacist Patient Advocate Intellectual Property Science Public Law Policy Patent Agent Public Policy Patent Program Officer Lawyer (JD required)  Search BLS. Home Subjects Data Tools Publications Economic Releases Students Beta Science Writing OOH HOME | OCCUPATION FINDER | OOH FAQ | OOH GLOSSARY | A-Z INDEX | OOH SITE MAP Se Occupational Outlook Handbook > Media and Communication > Technical Writers Summary Medical Writing What They Do Work Environment How to Become One Pay Job Outlook State & Area Data Sim Grant Writing Summary Quick Facts: Technical Writers $71,850 per year 2018 Median Pay $34.54 per hour Typical Entry-Level Education Bachelor's degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation Less than 5 years On-the-job Training Short-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2018 55,700 Job Outlook, 2018-28 8% (Faster than average) Employment Change, 2018-28 4,700 What Technical Writers Do Technical writers prepare instruction manuals, how-to guides, journal articles, and other supporting Communication is a key skill for science! documents to communicate complex and technical information more easily. Technical writers routine experts. Work Environment Most technical writers work full time. Although technical writers work in a variety of industries, they are concentrated in the comp  Health & Pharmaceuticals › Pharmaceutical Products & Market › Top 10 biot… PREMIUM + Top 10 biotech and pharmaceutical companies Financial Analyst worldwide based on market capitalization as of 2019 (in billion U.S. dollars) 3 4 3.8 6 2 3 3.4 7 2 2 2.0 2 2 1 5.4 7 2 1 2.6 7 1 5 2.1 4 1 1 5.5 4 1 1 4.8 4 1 0 7.2 9 1 0 4.7 7 © Statista 2019 As of 12/09/2019 there are 647 biotech stocks on NASDAQ About this statistic Show source DESCRIPTION SOURCE MORE INFORMATION by Matej Mikulic, Education: Teaching 41  HOW CAN I GET A SCIENCE DEGREE? 42  Bachelors: Traditionally 4-years Cost: Pay Tuition (UoP Advantage: has a 3 year program; small class size; 90% of students have scholarships) Masters Traditionally 2-3 years Ph.D. :Traditionally 4-6 Cost: Typically pay tuition UoP Advantage: has free yrs tuition and stipend for Cost: Typically free tuition and master’s graduate student stipend paid for TAing UoP Advantage: has Ph.D. program with internship Careers Postdoctoral Research Traditionally 2-6 years Cost: Paid position 43