Skeletal System Lab Manual ANAT 211, 212 and 213 Term 2 2023-24 PDF

ANATOMY LAB MANUAL Anatomy Course ANAT 211, 212 and 213 Term 2, 2023-24 Basic sciences department 1 Learning Objectives At the end of the lab student should be able to identify the Identify the main bones of the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage with their features. Identify the main bones o...

ANATOMY LAB MANUAL Anatomy Course ANAT 211, 212 and 213 Term 2, 2023-24 Basic sciences department 1 Learning Objectives At the end of the lab student should be able to identify the Identify the main bones of the skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage with their features. Identify the main bones of the upper and lower limbs with their major features. 2 1- Axial Skeleton Skull Bones PAIRED BONES: 1- Parietal 1- Frontal 2-Temporal: a. b. c. d. e. f. 2-Occipital: Mastoid process Styloid process Petrous part Squamous part External acoustic meatus. Internal acoustic meatus. 3- Maxilla a. UNPAIRED BONES: a. b. External occipital protuberance Occipital condyle 3- Sphenoid: a. b. Sella Turcica Body and Wings 4- Ethmoid: Superior alveolar arch a. Crista galli 4- Zygomatic 5- Vomer 5- Palatine 6- Mandible: 6- Nasal 7- Inferior nasal conchae SUTURES 1- Coronal 2- Sagittal 3- Lambdoid PARANASAL AIR SINUSES 1- Frontal 2- Maxillary 3- Sphenoid 4- Ethmoid a. b. c. d. e. f. Body of mandible Rami of mandible Angles of mandible Condyles of mandible Coronoid processes Inferior alveolar arch FORAMINA 1- Optic Canal 2- Superior and Inferior Orbital Fissures 3- Foramen Ovale 4- Foramen Rotundum 5- Foramen Magnum 6- Carotid Canal 7- Jugular Foramen OTHERS 1. Orbit 2. Nasal aperture 3 Anterior view of the skull 4 Lateral view External acoustic meatus Base of the skull 5 Superior view of the cranial floor 6 Sella turcica 7 8 Hyoid Bone a. b. c. Body Greater cornu (greater horn) Lesser cornu (lesser horn) 9 Bones Of Vertebral Column 1- Cervical vertebrae ATYPICAL TYPICAL a. b. c. Atlas d. 3-6 Axis (dens) 7th cervical vertebra 2- Thoracic vertebrae 4- Sacrum a. Alae b. Promontory c. Sacral canal d. Sacral foramina 5- Coccyx 3- Lumbar vertebrae FEATURES OF TYPICAL VERTEBRA: 1- Body of vertebra 4- Lamina 2- Transverse processes 5- Pedicles 3- Spinous process 6- Vertebral foramen 7- Superior and inferior facets 10 Cervical Vertebra 11 12 13 Bones of Thoracic Cage 1- RIBS a. Head b. Neck c. Tubercle d. Angle e. Shaft f. Coastal end 2- TYPES OF RIBS  According to features and posterior articulations: a. Atypical ribs 1st , 2nd , 10th , 11th and 12th b. Typical ribs 3rd -9th  According to anterior articulations: a. b. c. True ribs (1st – 7th) False ribs (8th – 10th) Floating ribs (11th & 12th) 3- STERNUM a. b. c. d. Body of sternum Manubrium Xiphoid process Sternal angle 4- Costal cartilages 14 15 2- Appendicular Skeleton: Bones of Upper Limb 1- CLAVICLE a. b. c. Sternal end Acromial end shaft 2- SCAPULA a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Spine of scapula Acromion process Coracoid process Glenoid cavity Subscapular fossa Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa 4- RADIUS a. b. c. d. e. Head Neck Radial tuberosity shaft Styloid process 5- ULNA a. b. c. d. e. f. Olecranon process Coronoid process Trochlear notch Shaft Styloid process Head 6- HAND a. b. c. Carpals (8 short bones arranged in 2 rows) (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate) Metacarpals (5 long bones) Phalanges (14 long bones) 3- HUMERUS a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. Head Anatomical neck Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Surgical neck Shaft Deltoid tuberosity Trochlea Capitulum Medial & lateral epicondyles Coronoid fossa Olecranon fossa 16 Scapula 17 18 19 20 Bones of Lower Limb 1- HIP BONE a. b. c. d. e. Ilium  Iliac crest Ischium Pubis Acetabulum Obturator foramen 3- TIBIA a. b. c. d. e. f. Medial condyle Lateral condyle Intercondylar eminence Tibial tuberosity Shaft Medial malleolus 2- FEMUR a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Head Neck Greater Trochanter Lesser trochanter Shaft Medial & Lateral condyles Intercondylar fossa (notch) Medial &Lateral epicondyles h. 4- FIBULA a. b. c. Head Shaft Lateral malleolus (Lower end) 5- FOOT a. Tarsals (7 short bones (Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiform (Medial, intermediate and lateral)) b. Metatarsals (5 long bones) c. Phalanges (14 long bones) 21 22 Intercondylar fossa Tibia and fibula 23 24 GOOD LUCK 25