1-REPORT-BY-LOR-AND-SOPHIA.pdf

AAM103 students should be able to describe the students should be able to compare the structure and working principles of the Shockley diode with other semiconductor Shockley diode....

AAM103 students should be able to describe the students should be able to compare the structure and working principles of the Shockley diode with other semiconductor Shockley diode. devices Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages Discuss real-world applications of the of using the Shockley Diode in various Shockley Diode in industrial electronics applications, considering factors. and automation. State the purpose of the Shockley Diode in electronic circuits, particularly its role in switching and rectifying applications. A sculpture representing a Shockley 4-layer diode  William Bradford Shockley Jr. Born on February 13, 1910 Died on August 12, 1989 American inventor, physicist, and eugenicist Undergraduate: California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he earned a degree in physics. Graduate: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he completed his Ph.D. in physics in 1936.  a semiconductor switching diode which includes four layers like P-N-P-N and two terminals like anode & cathode and this diode is also called the PNPN diode or four-layer diode. include simply two conditions like either ON or OFF  is to act as a switch in electronic circuits, where it transitions from a non- conducting state to a conducting state when the voltage exceeds a specific threshold. diode can be understood using two transistor analogy. The four layers PNPN can be split into two BJT transistors (T1 PNP and T2 NPN) connected with each other. The base and the collector of both BJTs are connected together. While the emitter of PNP is the anode and the emitter of NPN is the cathode. This characteristic makes the Shockley diode useful for controlling the flow of electricity in various applications, such as in pulse generation, relaxation oscillators, and voltage regulation. By providing a reliable method of switching, the Shockley diode plays a crucial role in timing, triggering, and protection circuits. With no voltage applied, there is no current. As voltage increases, current remains absent because both transistors are in cutoff mode. Each transistor’s base current depends on the other, creating a situation where neither can turn on until the other does, forming a classic "Catch-22."  So how can a Shockley diode ever conduct current, if its constituent transistors stubbornly maintain themselves in a state of cutoff?  lies in the behavior of real transistors as opposed to ideal transistors.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SHOCKLEY AND SHOTTKY DIOEDE  Formed by four Formed by a junction alternating layers of between metal and semiconductor (P-N- semiconductor (MS P-N structure). junction).  Essentially a thyristor A metal- without the gate semiconductor terminal, but since it has junction diode. only two terminals, it's classified as a diode.  Conducts once the Allows very low forward voltage forward voltage drop exceeds the breakover and has high switching voltage. speed due to low capacitance.  Used in phase- Used in high- controlled rectifiers frequency RF and trigger switches applications, voltage for thyristors. clamping, and reverse current protection. High Switching Speed Dual Transistor Architecture Low Forward Voltage Drop Latching Behavior  Complex Construction No Dedicated Gate Terminal Alternatives with Better Efficiency  V oltage Regulators Overvoltage Regulation Switching Applications Relaxation Oscillators Trigger Switch for Thyristors N iche Applications