Chemical Laboratory Safety 2024 PDF

Chemical Laboratory Safety  Chemical laboratory safety It is the application of the best practices for dealing with chemicals and minimizing the hazard to personal health and the surrounding environment.  How to be safe in lab?...

Chemical Laboratory Safety  Chemical laboratory safety It is the application of the best practices for dealing with chemicals and minimizing the hazard to personal health and the surrounding environment.  How to be safe in lab? How to be safe in lab Laboratory Personal protective Behavior Laboratory Emergency design equipment in the lab hazards procedures  1. Laboratory design U Must be sure that the facilities meet the needs of the functions of the laboratory Doors Laboratory Spill control benches materials Ventilation Safety Equipment system Floor drains Lighting  Laboratory design Doors Laboratory benches ▪ Presence entry and exit to laboratory ▪ Must have a sink ▪ Water supply ▪ Shape of benches (u shape)  Laboratory design Ventilation system ▪ Windows ▪ Fans ▪ Fume hoods ▪ Biological safety cabinet  Laboratory design Lighting Floor drains ▪ On the level of lab and on ▪ Near the units the level of bench ▪ Floor is sloped to the drain (avoid slip hazards)  Laboratory design Spill control materials Safety Equipment ▪ Spill kits ▪ Sand ▪ Eyewash units ▪ Fire blanket ▪ Fire extinguishers The parts of the body most frequently subject to injury in the clinical laboratory are the eyes, skin, and respiratory and digestive tracts. Hence, the use of personal protective equipment is very important. Lab coat Gloves Personal Protective Eye goggles Equipment Dust mask Respirator Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)  PPE OR Behavior in the lab Shoes should be made of nonporous material with closed toes and heels, No high heels Contact lenses should be discouraged However, Goggles or face shields are recommended if contact lenses are worn. Keep all long hair tied back when working with open flames  3. Behavior in the lab Always follow lab procedures exactly and never do an unauthorized experiment Keep your working area in lab clean No food or drink allowed in You Should Never… the laboratory No smoking in laboratory You should never do practical jokes  Behavior in the lab N.B.: All contaminated PPE must be removed and properly disposed of before leaving the laboratory. How to remove gloves ( without contamination yourself) Beaking method of doffing gloves  What do you think the most dangerous thing in any laboratory is? If you don’t know how to use chemicals or don’t know what they are  Laboratory hazards Chemical hazard Fire hazard Sharp objects hazard Electrical hazard Physical hazard Heating hazard  Chemical hazards Hazard Signs and labelling Hazard Signs  Chemical hazard symbols and definitions Flammable – Any substance that will burn if exposed to an open flame. ▪ Alpha naphthol Flammable ▪ Ethanol Examples: ▪ Acetaldehyde ▪ Acetone Explosive: A substance that may explode if exposed to heat or flame. Explosive ▪ Nitrates Examples: ▪ Picric acid Chemical hazard symbols and definitions Oxidizing (Symbol: flame over circle) Gas under pressure (Symbol: Gas cylinder)  Chemical hazard symbols and definitions Toxic/Poison: A substance that can lead to death if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed by the skin. Toxic ▪ Calcium cyanide Examples: ▪ Lead arsenate ▪ Hydrogen peroxide Corrosive: A substance that can destroy or burn living tissue and can eat away at other materials. ▪ Alkali as Sodium hydroxide Corrosive ▪ Acids as Sulfuric acid , Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid Examples: ▪ Hydrogen peroxide (concentrated) ▪ Ammonia ▪ Calcium oxide Chemical hazard symbols and definitions Irritant: A substance that causes inflammation upon contact with skin or mucous membranes. Irritant ▪ Ammonium sulphate Examples: ▪ Copper acetate You’ll see that the old 'harmful/irritant' symbol is missing. This has been replaced by the exclamation mark pictogram:  Chemical hazard symbols and definitions Carcinogenic: are materials that can cause cancer in humans or animals. Carcinogenic ▪ Asbestos ▪ Benzene Examples: ▪ Aflatoxins ▪ Carbon tetrachloride Environmental Hazard: A substance, state or event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment and / or adversely affect people's health. Environmental Hazard Examples: ▪ All chemicals  Chemical hazard symbols and definitions Biohazard: biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans. ▪ Human blood and blood products Biohazard ▪ Human body fluids Examples: ▪ Microbiological wastes ▪ Any containers contaminated with them Radioactive: A substance that produces dangerous kinds of radiation Radioactive Examples: ▪ Radioactive isotopes of any chemical  Labels and Signage ▪ All chemical containers should be clearly labelled. ▪ Appropriate signs to identify hazards are critical. ▪ Areas where flammables, hazardous or toxic chemicals, and carcinogens are stored or being used must be clearly marked. ▪ Areas where blood and body fluids are being stored or analyzed should be clearly marked with a biohazard mark. National Fire Protection Association hazard identification System National Fire Protection Association hazard identification System Learning Check: National Fire Protection Association hazard identification System  Ideal dealing with chemicals Material Safety Data Sheet ▪ The MSDS is a major source of safety information for students who may use hazardous materials in laboratory experiments. ▪ MSDS is obtained from the chemical manufacturer or developing an MSDS for each hazardous agent used in the workplace. Material Safety Data Sheet (15 Sections) A standardized format contains the following: ▪ Product name and identification ▪ Hazardous ingredients ▪ Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) ▪ Physical and chemical data ▪ Health hazard data and carcinogenic potential ▪ Primary routes of entry ▪ Fire and exposure hazards ▪ Reactivity data ▪ Spill and disposal procedures ▪ Personal protective equipment recommendations ▪ Handling and Storage ▪ Emergency and first aid procedures ▪ Transportation precautions ▪ Chemical manufacturer’s name, address, and phone number ▪ Special information section  Chemical Safety Rules ▪ Read all labels twice before removing a chemical from the container. ▪ Only use the type and amount of chemical instructed to use. ▪ Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless instructed by the procedure. ▪ Never mix chemicals unless instructed to do. ▪ Transfer chemicals carefully! ▪ When diluting an acid, pour the acid into water. ▪ Consider all chemicals dangerous.  Chemical Safety Chemical wastes disposal Treat Chemicals before disposal in sewer system Acids and bases should be neutralized. Other treatments that you can carry out as metal precipitations and safe reductions of strong oxidizers. Pour chemical in sand pocket or allow water from tap before pouring chemicals in the sink To obey the new hazard communication Standard, clinical laboratories must: Plan and implement a written hazard communication program. Obtain material safety data sheets (MSDS) for each hazardous compound present in the workplace and have the MSDS readily accessible to lab workers. Educate all lab workers annually on how to interpret chemical labels, MSDS, and health hazards of the chemicals and how to work safely with the chemicals. Maintain hazard warning labels on containers received or filled on site.  Fire Hazard Know how to use fire extinguisher: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVBamXXVD30  Sharp Objects Hazard ▪ Never try to catch broken instruments. ▪ Grasp sharp instruments only by the handles or tongs. ▪ Disposal from broken glass in its specific basket. Electrical Hazard ElectricalSafety ▪ Keep all electrical cords, wires, and appliances away from water.  Physical hazard ▪ Handle all equipment carefully ▪ Do not place your personal bag on lab desk ▪ Do not place any object on the floor Biological hazard ▪ Autoclave before getting rid of to sterile it ▪ Put in safe specific container  Heating hazard ▪ Never point the end of a test tube being heated at yourself or others. ▪ Never heat in a closed container. ▪ Heated glass must use tongs or gloves before handling. ▪ Do not place hot glassware directly in cold water. ▪ Never look into a container as you are heating it.  5. Emergency procedures U should Know how to deal with concentrated acid and base spill: First aid Skin Eye ▪ If a chemical spills on your ▪ In case of chemical skin, rinse with water for 15 goes into your eyes , minutes. use eye wash station. ▪ Apply local anti-inflammatory drug at the site of injury. U should Know how to deal with concentrated acid and base spill: Floor Bench ▪ Using Laboratory Spills 1. Dilute first with water Kit (contain sorbent materials) 2. Neutralize with: 1. Boric acid: for bases 2. Sodium bicarbonate: for acids 3. Use absorbent material ▪ Using dry sand 4. Dispose from absorbent material 5. Clean with soap and water  Fainting : first aid 1. If someone faints , position the person on his or her back. 2. If the person is breathing, restore blood flow to the brain by raising the person's legs above heart level about 12 inches (30 centimeters). 3. If possible, loosen belts, collars or other constrictive clothing (To reduce the chance of fainting again). 4. If the person regain his consciousness ,don't get the person up too quickly. 5. If the person doesn't regain consciousness within one minute, call your local emergency number. Thank You Please Protect Yourself